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Cites

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1		-The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing as contextualized by impacts on case.
2		-The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95
3		-Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
4		-Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10
5		-Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.”
6		-Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework
7		-BOSTROM 11
8		-(2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy
9		-The Nuclear Energy Sector is currently Expanding
10		-Handley 13 (Meg: staff writer for US News; "Emerging Nations To Power Nuclear Energy Expansion Over Next Decade"; 3-25-2013; US News andamp; World Report; http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/25/emerging-nations-to-power-nuclear-energy-expansion-over-next-decade; DT)
11		-Nuclear energy requires uranium mining – thorium is not a feasible alternative
12		-National Nuclear Library 12 (Report made for the Department of Energy and Climate Change, National Nuclear Library – UK, “Comparison of Thorium and Uranium on a Global Scale”, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf. pg 16, EmmieeM)
13		-Uranium mining leads to an increase in above-ground radiation, which causes biodiversity loss
14		-Sullivan 13 (Sian Sullivan works for the Department of Geography, Environment, and Developmental Studies at the University of London, “After the Green Rush? Biodiversity Offsets, Uranium Power and the ‘Calculus of Causalities’ in Greening Growth, pg. 94, EmmieeM)
15		-Independently, radioactive dumping in the ocean destroys marine biodiversity
16		-Alexeev 16 (Denis Alexeev and Valentina Galtsova are from the Department of Applied Ecology at the Russian State Hydrometeriological University, “Effect of Radioactive Pollution on the Biodiversity of Marine Benthic Ecosystems on the Russian Arctic Shelf”, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965212000138, EmmieeM)
17		-Biodiversity loss is an impact filter – exacerbates existing crises and leads to extinction.
18		-Torres 16 (Phil is a graduate of Cornell University with degrees in Entomology and Biology; "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable to Climate Change"; 5-20-2016; FLI - Future of Life Institute; http://futureoflife.org/2016/05/20/biodiversity-loss/; DT)
19		-Nuclear meltdown is going to happen within the next decade
20		-Gesellschaft 12 (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: research society in Germany; "Severe nuclear reactor accidents likely every 10 to 20 years, European study suggests."; ScienceDaily; 22 May 2012; www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522134942.htm; DT)
21		-Unprecedented nuclear disasters are coming – scientific studies prove that spent fuel fires are both likely and would have a much greater impact than Fukushima
22		-Stone 16 (This card cites research done at Princeton using mathematical calculations and computer programs in order to gauge probability and magniture. Richard Stone has a degree in biophysics from UPenn and has written for National Geographic and Smithsonian, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/spent-fuel-fire-us-soil-could-dwarf-impact-fukushima, “Spent Fuel Fire on U.S. Soil Could Dwarf Impact of Fukushima”, EmmieeM)
23		-Nuclear meltdown would cause widespread deaths, long-term diseases, and permanent ecological damage
24		-Wasserman, 02 (Harvey, American journalist, author, democracy activist, and advocate for renewable energy, author of The Last Energy War and co-author of Killing Our Own: The Disaster of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation, Spring, Earth Island Journal, http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/nuclear_power_and_terrorism/, “Nuclear Power and Terrorism” | ADM)
25		-A nuclear accident costs hundreds of billions of dollars for taxpayers
26		-Hargreaves 11
27		-(Steve Hargreaves, March 25 2011, Steve Hargreaves is co-director of the Energy Transition desk, which demonstrates the feasibility of shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy through data, storytelling and building partnerships. Prior to joining Climate Nexus in 2015, he spent 11 years as a writer for CNNMoney, first as an energy reporter and later on the site’s economy desk and special projects team. While there, he won an enterprise award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers for a series on the military’s efforts to reduce oil consumption, served as a panelist at a debate hosted by now Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz, and did on-air appearances as CNN's energy expert. Coverage highlights included reporting from an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico during the BP spill, covering the 20th World Petroleum Congress from Doha, Qatar, and spending several weeks in Detroit documenting efforts to revitalize that city. Before joining CNNMoney he spent two years writing from Bangkok and Istanbul, and was published in the Village Voice and the Australian Financial Review. He started his career at Casco Bay Weekly, an alternative newspaper in Portland, Maine, and later worked as a beat reporter at the Times Record, a small daily newspaper in neighboring Brunswick. He holds a bachelor’s degree in Environmental Studies and Sociology from St. Lawrence University., http://money.cnn.com/2011/03/25/news/economy/nuclear_accident_costs/, CNN Money, 8/8/16)
28		-Terrorist organizations have started targeting nuclear power plants for resources and attacks
29		-Rubin 16 (Alissa J. Rubin is an American journalist who covers the Middle East for the New York Times. She has won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. “Belgium Proves Nuclear Plants are Vulnerable”, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/europe/belgium-fears-nuclear-plants-are-vulnerable.html?_r=0, EmmieeM)
30		-Nuclear power plants are extremely vulnerable to terrorist attacks and break-ins
31		-Holt and Andrews 14
32		-Mark Holt and Anthony Andrews Specialists in Energy Policy. Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerabilities. Congressional Research Service. January 13, 2014. FZ.
33		-The results to a terror attack on a nuclear power plant is devastating
34		-Caldicott 6
35		-Helen Caldicott bestselling author, Nobel Peace Prize nominee. Nuclear power is not the answer. The New Press. September 20, 2006. http://tria.fcampalans.cat/images/Nuclear20Power20is20not20the20answer20-20H.20Caldicott.pdf. FZ.
36		-Independently, the impact to terrorists acquiring nuclear weapons is several deaths
37		-Volders 16 (Brecht Volders is a researcher in the Department of Politics at the Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, and a PhD candidate.
38		- Tow Sauer is Associate Professor in International Politics at the Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, “Nuclear Terrorism – Countering the Threat”, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=dVmpCwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=nuclear+terrorismandots=6M4Kdlfm8Handsig=prlipwaAYy2hMbOl9cbznqSuHdg#v=onepageandq=nuclear20terrorismandf=false, pg. 3-4, EmmieeM)

EntryDate

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1		-2016-09-17 19:15:33.0

Opponent

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1		-Mountain View PF

ParentRound

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1		-0

Round

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1		-1

Team

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1		-Harker Shah Aff

Title

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1		-Lay Aff

Tournament

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1		-St Francis