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... ... @@ -1,36 +1,0 @@ 1 -==T== 2 - 3 - 4 -====Interpretation: The affirmative must defend that public colleges and universities in the Unites States ought to restrict NO constitutionally protected speech. To clarify they may not specify any one type of constitutionally protected speech that ought not be restricted.==== 5 - 6 - 7 -====Counterplans by the negative that PIC out of specific kinds of constitutionally protected speech are illegitimate.==== 8 - 9 - 10 -====Violation: The 1AC only expands free speech zones to the entire campus, but it stills allow for restrictions and speech codes to exist in these speech zones, which means there are still some restrictions of constitutionally protected speech.==== 11 - 12 - 13 -====Vote Neg==== 14 - 15 - 16 -====Textuality – repeated court rulings go neg.==== 17 -**Elder '91(David S. Elder, October 1991, "Any and All": To Use Or Not To Use?" "Plain Language' is a regular feature of the Michigan Bar Journal, edited by Joseph Kimble for the State Bar Plain English Committee. Assistant editor is George H. Hathaway. Through this column the Committee hopes to promote the use of plain English in the law. Want to contribute a plain English article? Contact Prof. Kimble at Thomas Cooley Law School, P.O. Box 13038, Lansing, MI 48901, http://www.michbar.org/file/generalinfo/plainenglish/pdfs/91_oct.pdf ~| SP)** 18 -The Michigan Supreme Court seemed to approve our dictionary definitions of "any" in 19 -AND 20 -(1991) (quoting Harrington v InterState Men's Accident Ass'n, supra) 21 - 22 - 23 -====Outweighs:==== 24 - 25 - 26 -====Semantic Context – yes, any may have a bunch of different, more inclusive definitions, but only ours takes into consideration groups of words together. "security for any claim due or to become due to" is the passage analyzed in Gibson v Agricultural Life, which mirrors the structure of the words in the res, with "any" followed by a singular object (ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech).==== 27 - 28 - 29 -====Legal Context – Courts are the definitive interpreters of what a law and its words mean. Defer to courts over the slew of dictionary definition coming in the 1ar, they lack the context necessary to evaluate semantics in a legal setting. By defending a subsection of constitutional rights, they have literally inserted their own words into the resolution, which have fundamentally changed the policy they defend.==== 30 - 31 - 32 -====Limits – Free Speech is incredibly broad. Star this card, it literally says the only coherent way to conceive of the free speech debate is to consider its few exceptions, which is a comparison of the whole res with its converse.==== 33 -**Silvergate '05 (Harvey A. Silvergate, attorney in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is the co-founder, with Alan Charles Kors, of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, for which he also serves as the current Chairman of the Board of Directors. January 2005, "FIRE's Guide to Free Speech on Campus," https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/free-speech-2.pdf ~| SP)** 34 -The First Amendment declares that Congress shall make "no law…abridging the freedom 35 -AND 36 -will briefly describe the limited categories of so-called "unprotected speech." - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,36 +1,0 @@ 1 -===DA=== 2 - 3 - 4 -====Federal funding is used to maintain financial aid resources and colleges are only growing more dependent on it as state funding goes down==== 5 -**Pew 15** (The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, "Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape", http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education, EmmieeM) 6 -States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but 7 -AND 8 -, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions. 9 - 10 - 11 -====There's a contradiction within government policy —- restricting free speech may be unconstitutional, but not doing so causes public colleges to lose federal funding under Title IX==== 12 -**Bernstein 3** (David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, "You Can't Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws", "Censoring Campus Speech", https://books.google.com/books?id=zU2QAAAAQBAJandpg=PA60andlpg=PA60anddq=public+colleges+could+lose+funding+if+they+allow+for+racistsandsource=blandots=W67N5E3bznandsig=xXeBW8YaTy_Ilb34MIbu-grciy4andhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiBoqTkn_nQAhVBjFQKHcc7CIkQ6AEITDAI~~#v=onepageandq=public20colleges20could20lose20funding20if20they20allow20for20racistsandf=false, pg. 60-61, EmmieeM) 13 -Given these constitutional barriers, public university speech codes were on the way out until 14 -AND 15 -Amendment, then so can they. Unfortunately, they may be right. 16 - 17 - 18 -====The only thing keeping graduation rates stable is financial aid —- allows students to study full-time, encourages academic progress, and is the only way low-income students can afford to enroll==== 19 -**Johnson 14** (Hans Johnson – supported by the College Access Foundation of California and writing for the Public Policy Institute of California, "Making College Possible for Low-Income Students: Grant and Scholarship Aid in California", http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_1014HJR.pdf, pg. 20-24, EmmieeM) 20 -Students fail to complete college for many reasons, including financial constraints. Certainly it 21 -AND 22 -earn a degree if they first enroll at a four-year college. 23 - 24 - 25 -====The impact is massive – combatting the structural barriers that prevent individuals from attending college is the main internal link to competitiveness==== 26 -**U.S. Department of Commerce 12** (Prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce with consultation from the National Economic Council, "The Competitiveness and Innovative Capacity in the United States", http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/thecompetitivenessandinnovativecapacityoftheunitedstates.pdf, pgs. 2-10, EmmieeM) 27 -Education is a key element for promoting economic growth and increasing the innovative capacity of 28 -AND 29 -schools in 2011–2012 was lower than in 2007–2008.21 30 - 31 - 32 -====Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in – that causes your heg bad impacts so it's try or die for the NEG==== 33 -**Khalilzad 11** — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 ("The Economy and National Security," National Review, February 8^^th^^, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011) 34 -Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to 35 -AND 36 -leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,25 +1,0 @@ 1 -====Counterplan text:==== 2 - 3 - 4 -====Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech other than advertising, organization, or membership for IFC fraternities.==== 5 - 6 - 7 -====Fraternities are sites of rape, serious injury, and death. ==== 8 -**Flanagan 14** (Caitlin, the Atlantic, citing Douglas Fierberg, attorney specializing in fraternity-related litigation, "The Dark Power of Fraternities", http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/03/the-dark-power-of-fraternities/357580/) 9 -"Until proven otherwise," Fierberg told me in April of fraternities, "they 10 -AND 11 -or serious injury" of a healthy young person at a fraternity function. 12 - 13 - 14 -====Ban on campus fraternities solves – even banning fraternity advertising alone is good==== 15 -**Ryan 14** (Julia, The Atlantic, "How Colleges Could Get Rid of Fraternities", http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/03/how-colleges-could-get-rid-of-fraternities/284176/) 16 -Perhaps the most obvious way to end fraternities is for universities to simply remove Greek 17 -AND 18 -"We are going to supervise you just as much as everybody else." 19 - 20 - 21 -====Fraternities are protected by the First Amendment's right to free speech==== 22 -**Lukianoff 11** ~~Greg Lukianoff (President and CEO, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education), "To Survive, Fraternities Need to Stand for Something, Anything," Huffington Post, 8/1/2015~~ AZ 23 -A lot of fraternities seem to know that their freedom of association is protected by 24 -AND 25 -my nonprofit, the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, as well.) - EntryDate
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