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+===NC=== |
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+====The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. If you want me to spec further on my standard just tell me.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====First, the constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95 ==== |
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+Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7 |
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+The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids |
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+AND |
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+thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Second, only impacts and values that exist in the physical world are relevant. Physical realism is the only meaningful ontological theory of being. Williams,==== |
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+**Donald Williams. "Naturalism and the Nature of Things." The Philosophical Review, Vol. 53, No. 5 (Sep., 1944), pp. 417-443. Duke UP. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2181355** |
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+Casting up our accounts to this point, we observe that physical realism is in |
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+AND |
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+in patterns of action in the ordered dimensions of a spatio-temporal hypersphere |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Third, the role of the judge should be to merely adjudicate the debate as this is the most predictable standard.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Fourth, the role of the ballot is to maximize utility.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===CP=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Counterplan Text: Countries ought to prohibit the production of all currently active forms of nuclear power, except for HTGRs, by phasing out nuclear reactors through the process of immediate dismantling and uphold international norms against radioactivity in the context of uranium mining.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Solves safety and warming==== |
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+NGNP Alliance, 12 |
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+November 7, 2012, NGNP Alliance, Nuclear Technology That Even the Nuclear Skeptics Should Like – Or At Least Seriously Consider, http://blog.ngnpalliance.org/category/why-htgr/, |
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+A group of far-sighted companies, including AREVA, ConocoPhillips, Dow Chemical |
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+AND |
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+while emitting zero carbon. They are not a long term science project. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Environmental destruction is a form of structural violence – allowing warming to continue perpetuates all inequalities ==== |
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+**Hoerner 8**—Former director of Research at the Center for a Sustainable Economy, Director of Tax Policy at the Center for Global Change at the University of Maryland College Park, and editor of Natural Resources Tax Review. He has done research on environmental economics and policy on behalf of the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Andrew received his B.A. in Economics from Cornell University and a J.D. from Case Western Reserve School of Law—AND—Nia Robins—former inaugural Climate Justice Corps Fellow in 2003, director of Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative (J. Andrew, "A Climate of Change African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S." July 2008, http://www.ejcc.org/climateofchange.pdf) |
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+Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One |
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+AND |
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+raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent. |
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+. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Solves the "Location of Plants" Harms==== |
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+**NGNP Industry Alliance no date** |
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+**NGNP (US Energy Policy Act of 2005 established a project headed by NGNP in the Idaho National Laboratory concerning HTGRs) The High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) - Safe, Clean and Sustainable Energy for the Future, Next Generation Nuclear Plant, http://www.ngnpalliance.org/index.php/htgr ** |
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+The HTGR is a inherently safe, modular, underground helium-cooled nuclear reactor |
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+AND |
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+8,15,18,20,21,22,23~~ |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Solves Accidents Harm==== |
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+**Martin, 16** |
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+Richard Martin, 2-11-2016, "China Could Have a Meltdown-Proof Nuclear Reactor Next Year," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600757/china-could-have-a-meltdown-proof-nuclear-reactor-next-year/ |
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+During a recent visit to the Tsinghua facility, technologists were testing the huge helium |
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+AND |
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+goal is to eliminate or greatly reduce waste by recycling the spent fuel. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Solves waste dumping – their card==== |
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+**Lowry**, David. "Uranium Exploitation and Environmental Racism: Why Environmental Despoliation and the Ignorance of Radiological Risks of Uranium Mining Cannot Be Justified by Nuclear Fuel Production." Nuclear Waste Advisory. N.p., June 20**08**. Web. 12 Aug. 2016. http://www.nuclearwasteadvisory.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Uranium-exploitation-and-environmental-racism.pdf. David Lowry was awarded a PhD on nuclear decision making by the Open University in 1987. He previously studied at the State University of New York (1978-79) and the London School of Economics, London University (1975-78). In 2001 he was presented with a special award for education at the Nuclear Free Future Foundation annual awards and the UK Campaign for Freedom of Information 1995 Award in the politics category (jointly with Llew Smith MP). He holds specialist knowledge of UK and EU nuclear and environment policy. |
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+CRIIRAD analysed samples of water, air, soil and scrap metals and found that |
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+AND |
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+sand and dust," said Areva in a statement issued on 25 April. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===DA=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Nuclear power stops dangerous quantities of emissions from other fossil fuels==== |
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+Biello 13 – David, writes for the scientific American, Internally Cites James Hansen, Professor at Columbia University ("How Nuclear Power Can Stop Global Warming" http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-nuclear-power-can-stop-global-warming/) |
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+In addition to reducing the risk of nuclear war, U.S. reactors |
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+AND |
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+, director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, where Hansen works. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====No renewable shift – would take 100 years to replace energy yields of nuclear power and would increase CO2 emissions ==== |
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+Follett ’16 (Andrew, Energy and Environment Reporter, The Daily Caller, "Hillary Platform Leaves Out The Largest Source of CO2 Free Power", http://dailycaller.com/2016/07/20/hillary-platform-leaves-out-the-largest-source-of-co2-free-power/~~#ixzz4Gsb7OLxm, July 20, 2016) |
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+Nuclear power provides 20 percent of all the electricity used in America, while wind |
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+AND |
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+not impossible" for the U.S. to reduce CO2 emissions. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Coal is horrible for CO2 emissions – that exacerbates warming==== |
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+**TWC 14** ("Black as Coal", http://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/Coal-Mining-Effects-on-the-Environment) |
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+We were so happy with this cheap fuel source that we didn’t foresee or refused |
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+AND |
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+fish and plant life. Coal dust can cause respiratory problems in humans. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====That runaway greenhouse guarantees destruction of all life on Earth==== |
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+**Brandenberg 99** – PhD, Physicist |
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+(Dr. John, Physicist, Dead Mars, Dying Earth, p. 232-233) |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The world goes on its merry way |
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+AND |
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+perhaps a few hardy microbes surviving==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Fukushima nuclear reactors were too old. Biello 12: ==== |
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+Biello, David. "How Safe Are U.S. Nuclear Reactors? Lessons from Fukushima." Scientific American. Scientific America, 09 Mar. 2012. Web. 16 Sept. 2016. |
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+But the disaster was no surprise given the type of reactors at Fukushima. In fact, nuclear power experts, computer models and other analyses have consistently shown for decades that a problem in the older boiling-water reactors employed at Fukushima Daiichi would become disastrous |
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+because of a flawed safety system that houses the nuclear fuel, known as the Mark I containment. It is "the worst one of all the containments we have"—and in a complete blackout, "you're going to lose containment," noted U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Deputy Regional Administrator Charles Casto on March 16, 2011, who was in Japan to assist, according to transcripts of internal meetings released by the NRC. "There's no doubt about it." " |
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+ |
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+====Nuclear power is safe now – post-Fukushima regulations==== |
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+Holt, Specialist in Energy Policy, CRS, 2012 |
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+~~6/20/12, Mark, Specialist in Energy Policy at the Congressional Research Service, "Nuclear Energy Policy," RL33558, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33558.pdf~~ |
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+The Fukushima accident |
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+AND |
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+ |
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+====World Nuclear Association 07, (Radiation and Nuclear Energy, August, http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf05.htm)==== |
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+In the last 25 years a lot of research |
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+AND |
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+to be deliberately conservative. |