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8	8
9	9	==== NovDec Deont AC ====
10	10
	11	+==== NovDec Ableism AC ====
	12	+
	13	+=== Part 1 is Framework ===
	14	+
	15	+
	16	+==== The standard is identifying the best strategy for resisting ableist oppression, as contextualized by aff offense. ====
	17	+
	18	+
	19	+==== Analysis of ableist representations is a critical focal point in addressing structural oppression caused by the hegemonic power structures of globalization. Academia is a uniquely key forum to bring about these issues. Mitchell '10 ====
	20	+
	21	+**Snyder & Mitchell 10 (Introduction: Ablenationalism and the Geo-Politics of Disability Sharon L. Snyder David T. Mitchell Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, 2010, pp. 113-125)**
	22	+As a result, Disability Studies in McRuer's point of view should continue to affiliate
	23	+AND
	24	+and, as such, key guiding principles of democracy are left unrealized.
	25	+
	26	+
	27	+==== The normative, autonomous subject is an illusion that the abled body constructs so as to not face the reality of disability. The aff framework is a prereq. ====
	28	+
	29	+**Hughes 07 **(Bill Hughes, Glasgow Caledonian University, "Being disabled: towards a critical social ontology for disability studies", Disability & Society Vol. 22, No. 7, December 2007, pp. 673–684)
	30	+Whilst borrowing from black culture smacks of cool and complicates but adorns the self-
	31	+AND
	32	+or in the most mundane everyday words or deeds that exclude or invalidate.
	33	+
	34	+
	35	+==== And, especially within a sphere of government, liberties are positive, not merely negative. HOLLENBACH ====
	36	+
	37	+DAVID HOLLENBACH – The Common Good Revisited. Theological Studies. 50:1 (1989 March). "Gewirth argues that…or dictatorial activity."
	38	+Gewirth argues that these conditions fall into two broad categories: freedom and well-
	39	+AND
	40	+themselves rather than simply being the passive objects of paternalistic or dictatorial authority.
	41	+
	42	+
	43	+==== Absolute rules fail to account for the relative stringency of moral duties. Morality must be comparative. Moore ^^ ^^ ====
	44	+
	45	+There is an aura of paradox in asserting that all deontological duties are categorical ― to be done no matter the consequences ― and yet asserting that some of such duties are more stringent than others. A common thought is that "there cannot be degrees of wrongness with intrinsically wrong acts…," (Frey 1995, 78 n. 3). Yet relative stringency ― "degrees of wrongness" ― seems forced upon the deontologist by two considerations. First, duties of differential stringency can be weighed against one another if there is conflict between them, so that a conflict-resolving, overall duty becomes possible if duties can be more or less stringent. Second, when we punish for the wrongs consisting in our violation of deontological duties, we (rightly) do not punish all violations equally. The greater the wrong, the greater the punishment deserved; and relative stringency of duty violated (or importance of rights) seems the best way of making sense of greater versus lesser wrongs.
	46	+
	47	+
	48	+=== Part 2 is the Topic ===
	49	+
	50	+
	51	+==== Plan Text: The US Supreme Court ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by removing its application to lawsuits under disability discrimination statutes. ====
	52	+
	53	+**Gildin '99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)**
	54	+The Supreme Court recently affirmed that the unambiguous lan guage of a statute is dispositive
	55	+AND
	56	+the text of the Acts manifests Congress's intent to bar any immunity defense.
	57	+
	58	+
	59	+==== Only the supreme court can be the actor because it is precedential, in overturning q/I for police officers, they must interpret the ADA in its explicit text, which implies the decision's application to q/I for all public officials. ====
	60	+
	61	+
	62	+=== Advantage 1 is Legislative History ===
	63	+
	64	+
	65	+==== Even if you think the state is bad, you cannot ignore the specificity of this historical analysis. It has not been one policy, there has been no cooption, and its breadth has only increased. Every relevant indicator implies that governments intended to help disabled people with these policies. Don't think of the aff as defending a policy but rather a movement, which qualified immunity stands in the way of. ====
	66	+
	67	+**Gildin '99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)**
	68	+The legislative history of the Rehabilitation Act reveals that Con gress intended to supply disabled
	69	+AND
	70	+Congress intended that each be broadly interpreted to provide effective remedies against discrimination...
	71	+
	72	+
	73	+==== Qualified immunity stands directly in conflict with the legislative history of disability discrimination statutes. There are two scenarios where it removes damages all together. ====
	74	+
	75	+**Gildin '99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)**
	76	+First, because damages may not be obtained from the federal gov ernment under the
	77	+AND
	78	+is wholly inapplicable to actions for damages brought under the disability discrimination statutes.
	79	+
	80	+
	81	+==== Upholding policies like the ADA combats the invisibility of disabled people in society. ====
	82	+
	83	+**Gildin '99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)**
	84	+The legislative history of the ADA likewise mandates a broad construction of the Act.
	85	+AND
	86	+ADA "must be in terpreted broadly to carry out its purpose." n154
	87	+
	88	+
	89	+==== Recognition of the disabled body creates ruptures in status quo thinking that challenge societal prejudice. Campbell 09 ====
	90	+
	91	+**Campbell, Griffith University, 9 (Fiona Kumari, 2009, "Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness," page 12-13, Date Accessed: 7/7)**
	92	+Returning to the matter of definitional clarity around abled(ness), Robert McRuer (
	93	+AND
	94	+'unavoidable duality' by putting forward another metaphor, that of the mirror.
	95	+
	96	+
	97	+=== Advantage 2 is Police Brutality ===
	98	+
	99	+
	100	+==== ADA suits are going to be popular to resist police violence, two scenarios: ====
	101	+
	102	+
	103	+==== Excessive force. ====
	104	+
	105	+**Harrington '01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor of Law, The University of Texas. B.A., Pontifical College Josephinum, 1968; M.A.(Philosophy), University of Detroit, 1970; J.D., University of Detroit, 1973. Director, Americans with Disabilities Act National Backup Center, 1995-1998. The author has been lead counsel or co-counsel in more than 350 ADA cases. "A RE-BIRTH FOR CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION: USING THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT TO OVERCOME SECTION 1983 HURDLES AND HOLD GOVERNMENT AND POLICE ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years" 2001 | SP)**
	106	+In light of Yeskey, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a summary judgment
	107	+AND
	108	+on the police to handle problematic situations with people who have disabilities.172
	109	+
	110	+
	111	+==== Suicide Calls and Emergencies – will require a paradigmatic shift. ====
	112	+
	113	+**Harrington '01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor of Law, The University of Texas. B.A., Pontifical College Josephinum, 1968; M.A.(Philosophy), University of Detroit, 1970; J.D., University of Detroit, 1973. Director, Americans with Disabilities Act National Backup Center, 1995-1998. The author has been lead counsel or co-counsel in more than 350 ADA cases. "A RE-BIRTH FOR CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION: USING THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT TO OVERCOME SECTION 1983 HURDLES AND HOLD GOVERNMENT AND POLICE ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years" 2001 | SP)**
	114	+Another common call to the police is for help with an individual who has suicidal
	115	+AND
	116	+175 There will likely continue to be considerable litigation in this area.176
	117	+
	118	+
	119	+==== The aff holds police accountable for this violence and deters future violations of disability discrimination status. Q/I makes being a plaintiff impossible. ====
	120	+
	121	+**Gildin '99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)**
	122	+The United States Congress has endeavored to guarantee the equal participation of the disabled in
	123	+AND
	124	+construed to provide disabled individuals with broad remedies should they suffer discrimination. n14
	125	+
11	11	== Part 1 is the Standard ==
12	12
13	13	The Meta-ethic is practical reason. Metaethical frameworks establish the bindingness of moral constraints, and precede other ethical justifications, because they answer the question from where morals arise, independent of ontological or epistemic discussion. Prefer practical reason:
...	...	@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
44	44	AND
45	45	So force that restores freedom is just the restoration of the original right.
46	46
47		-
48	48	== Part 2 is the Offense ==
49	49
50	50