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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Email me at 21akshaym@students.harker.org if you have questions or want the full text of a case. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,21 @@ 1 +==Util Fwk== 2 + 3 +====The standard is consequentialism==== 4 + 5 +====Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util's true.==== 6 +**Sinhababu** Neil (National University of Singapore) "The epistemic argument for hedonism" http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW 7 +The Odyssey's treatment of these events demonstrates how dramatically ancient Greek moral intuitions differ from 8 +AND 9 +favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism. 10 + 11 +====Second, only impacts and values that exist in the physical world are relevant. Physical realism is the only meaningful ontological theory of being. Williams,==== 12 +**Donald Williams. "Naturalism and the Nature of Things." The Philosophical Review, Vol. 53, No. 5 (Sep., 1944), pp. 417-443. Duke UP. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2181355** 13 +Casting up our accounts to this point, we observe that physical realism is in 14 +AND 15 +in patterns of action in the ordered dimensions of a spatio-temporal hypersphere 16 + 17 +====Third is the act omission distinction, governments are morally responsible for their omissions because they always face choices between different sets of policy options, all of which advantage some while disadvantaging others.==== 18 +Cass R. Sunstein and Vermeule Adrian ~~"Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs. Copyright (c) 2005 The Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University. Stanford Law Review December,2005 58 Stan. L. Rev. 703~~ 19 +The critics of capital punishment have been led astray by uncritically applying the act/ 20 +AND 21 +creating entitlements ~~*722~~ and prohibitions, is not inaction at all. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,45 @@ 1 +==T – "Any" (3:30)== 2 + 3 +====Interpretation: The affirmative must defend that public colleges and universities in the Unites States ought to restrict NO constitutionally protected speech. To clarify they may not specify any one type of constitutionally protected speech that ought not be restricted.==== 4 + 5 +====Counterplans by the negative that PIC out of specific kinds of constitutionally protected speech are illegitimate.==== 6 + 7 +====Violation:==== 8 + 9 +====Vote Neg==== 10 + 11 +====Textuality – repeated court rulings define "any" as "all" and explicitly rejected using "any" to refer to "some".==== 12 +**Elder '91(David S. Elder, October 1991, "Any and All": To Use Or Not To Use?" "Plain Language' is a regular feature of the Michigan Bar Journal, edited by Joseph Kimble for the State Bar Plain English Committee. Assistant editor is George H. Hathaway. Through this column the Committee hopes to promote the use of plain English in the law. Want to contribute a plain English article? Contact Prof. Kimble at Thomas Cooley Law School, P.O. Box 13038, Lansing, MI 48901, http://www.michbar.org/file/generalinfo/plainenglish/pdfs/91_oct.pdf ~| SP)** 13 +The Michigan Supreme Court seemed to approve our dictionary definitions of "any" in 14 +AND 15 +(1991) (quoting Harrington v InterState Men's Accident Ass'n, supra) 16 + 17 +====Outweighs:==== 18 + 19 +====Semantic Context 20 + 21 +====Legal Context.==== 22 + 23 +====Semantics come prior to pragmatic considerations:==== 24 + 25 +====Decision Rule – The topicality rule is superior and non uniques your offense.==== 26 +Nebel 15 Jake Nebel (debate coach his students have won the TOC, NDCA, Glenbrooks, Bronx, Emory, TFA State, and the Harvard Round Robin. As a debater, he won six octos-bid championships and was top speaker at the TOC and ten other major tournaments) "The Priority of Resolutional Semantics by Jake Nebel" VBriefly February 20^^th^^ 2015 http://vbriefly.com/2015/02/20/the-priority-of-resolutional-semantics-by-jake-nebel/ JW 2/20/15 27 +One reason why LDers may be suspicious of my view is because they see topicality 28 +AND 29 +the first premise, not the second premise, in the argument above. 30 + 31 +====Jurisdiction.==== 32 + 33 +====Limits – Free Speech is incredibly broad. Star this card, it literally says the only coherent way to conceive of the free speech debate is to consider its few exceptions, which is a comparison of the whole res with its converse.==== 34 +**Silvergate '05 (Harvey A. Silvergate, attorney in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is the co-founder, with Alan Charles Kors, of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, for which he also serves as the current Chairman of the Board of Directors. January 2005, "FIRE's Guide to Free Speech on Campus," https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/free-speech-2.pdf ~| SP)** 35 +The First Amendment declares that Congress shall make "no law…abridging the freedom 36 +AND 37 +will briefly describe the limited categories of so-called "unprotected speech." 38 + 39 +====Outweighs:==== 40 + 41 +====Fairness==== 42 + 43 +====Clash.==== 44 + 45 +====Voters==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,6 @@ 1 +A is the interpretation – the affirmative must defend public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. 2 +B is the violation – they restrict corporate funding, which restricts speech indirectly – its not a specific form of restriction on speech 3 +C is the standards: 4 +1. Predictability 5 +2. Ground 6 +Voters - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,51 @@ 1 +==Hate Crimes DA== 2 + 3 +===DA Shell=== 4 + 5 +====The media hype regarding hate crimes doesn't see the full picture-Overall hate crimes are down in recent years. Bennett '16==== 6 +**Samuel Bennett. The State of Hate, in the US. 2016. http://www.samuelwbennett.com/the-state-of-hate/** 7 +This 2nd Annual State of Hate analysis has uncovered a few noteworthy trends. **Firstly** 8 +AND 9 +.7 of college campuses saw one or more hate crime reports. 10 + 11 +====Allowing racist speech encourages hate crimes—the causality is empirically verified. Katel '9==== 12 +**Katel 9 (Peter, staff writer @ CQ Researcher, "Hate Groups", https://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/news/Hate.pdf?n=1599)** 13 +There is also hard evidence to back up the link between demonization and violence. 14 +AND 15 +Iist of vioIent incidents inspired by ugly rhetoric that will certainly grow longer. 16 + 17 +====College age and profiles makes it a key breeding ground for hate groups—it's the core demographic. SPLC '2k==== 18 +**SPLC 2k (Southern Poverty Law Center, "COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES SEE INCREASE IN HATE CRIMES", https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2000/colleges-and-universities-see-increase-hate-crimes)** 19 +While these kinds of attacks seem incredible to **many**, the fact is that most 20 +AND 21 +, it is not so surprising that some students act in ugly ways. 22 + 23 +====Two Impacts: A) Race war in America. Alexander 12/2==== 24 +**Alexander 12/2 (Dean, professor/director of the Homeland Security Research Program at Western Illinois University, "Domestic Extremist Threats Face Trump Admin", http://www.hstoday.us/briefings/daily-news-analysis/single-article/special-domestic-extremist-threats-face-trump-admin/ddfd86597d91bfa41f5cc394a795c499.html)** 25 +The term domestic extremism means individuals or groups that follow a variant of ideologies that 26 +AND 27 +attack by an African American couple to kill police in Trussville, Alabama. 28 + 29 +====That is an independent impact that must be rejected on face. Challenging racism is a prior ethical question. Memmi '2k==== 30 +**Memmi 2k MEMMI Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165** 31 +The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission 32 +AND 33 +. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. 34 + 35 +====B) Causes terrorism- Growing hate groups risk terrorism – US linkages are key. Holloway 11/18==== 36 +**Holloway 11/18 (Kali, staff @ AlterNet, in Salon, "Feeling validated by Donald Trump's win, German hate groups team up with right-wing American hate groups", http://www.salon.com/2016/11/18/german-hate-groups-are-teaming-up-with-right-wing-american-hate-groups-feeling-validated-by-trump_partner/)** 37 +Throughout his campaign, Donald Trump exploited existing racist and xenophobic sentiments across his base 38 +AND 39 +investigate these cells, if they exist, and to prevent any attacks." 40 + 41 +====Currently, the biggest terrorist threat to the US is white supremacist lone wolves —- they kill more Americans than jihadists and show more desire to use WMDs==== 42 +**Blair 14 **(Charles P. Blair, Senior Fellow on State and Non-State Threats for the Federation of American Scientists who teaches classes on terrorism and WMD technology at John Hopkins University and George Mason University, "Looking clearly at right-wing terrorism," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9 June 2014, http://thebulletin.org/looking-clearly-right-wing-terrorism7232, *fc) 43 +Five years ago the US Department of Homeland Security's Homeland Environment Threat Analysis Division released 44 +AND 45 +exaggerated, but neither should it be suppressed for political or ideological reasons. 46 + 47 +====Dispersion of technology enables lone wolf terrorists to access chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CBURNs) – the impact will be mass casualties and unprecedented disruption of financial and social systems==== 48 +**Ackerman and Pinson 14** ~~Gary A. ,Director of the Special Projects Division at the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland, Lauren E., Senior Research/Project Manager at START and PhD student at Yale University, "An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, Issue 1, 2014~~ 49 +The first question to answer is whence the concerns about the nexus between CBRN weapons 50 +AND 51 +well influence the weapon selection of lone actor jihadists in Western nations. 19 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,12 @@ 1 +A. Interpretation: The aff shouldn’t be allowed to garner offense from actions beyond the scope of the resolution. 2 + 3 +B. Violation: 4 +C. Standards: 5 +1. Ground 6 +2. Predictability 7 +Voters: 8 +Fairness 9 +Education 10 +Drop the debater on T 11 +Competing interps 12 +No RVIs - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,42 @@ 1 +====1. Link - The affirmative's call to a 'marketplace of ideas' where progress is made is a ruse—Privileged perspectives always win out. That is terminal defense on their solvency claims—counterspeech can solve nothing unless we strip the system apart. Beijer '16==== 2 +Carl Beijer** Friday, May 6, 2016 Three critiques of liberal discourse http://www.carlbeijer.com/2016/05/three-critiques-of-liberal-discourse.html** 3 +1. The discourse is controlled by capital. Barack Obama, in The Audacity 4 +AND 5 +and turn off the megaphones. Everything else is shouting into a fugue. 6 + 7 + 8 +====2. Extinction - Our critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the affs single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics neolib wants us to engage in so the root cause to go unquestioned. Farbod 15==== 9 + ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) 10 +Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises 11 +AND 12 +enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. 13 + 14 + 15 +====3. Epistemology - Recognizing that the epistemology of capitalism manipulates our understanding of policy is a pre-condition to evaluating the resolution through moral frameworks. Thus the role of the ballot is to evaluate who deconstructs capitalism the best. Marsh 95,==== 16 +Marsh 95- Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, PhD from Northwestern University (James, Critique Action and Liberation, p 331-2) 17 +Is it reasonable, therefore, even to talk about the possibility of a socialism 18 +AND 19 +move on. Recent events in eastern Europe only confirm such a judgment. 20 + 21 + 22 +====4. Turns case - Neoliberalism structures academic freedom. It sets limits on what is acceptable behavior to quell dissent and any facult truly radical enough to challenge corporate hegemony are tossed out before they can pose a real threat Chatterjee and Maira 14==== 23 +**Chatterjee, Piya, and Sunaina Maira. "The Imperial University: race, war, and the nation-state." The imperial university: Academic repression and scholarly dissent (2014): 1-50.** 24 +Our geopolitical positions—of our immediate workplaces as well as trans- national work 25 +AND 26 +of labor and survival within the U.S. university system.11 27 + 28 + 29 +====5. Alternative - "vote negative to stop participating in capitalism"==== 30 +**Herod 04** 31 +(James, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/4thEd/4-index.htm, Getting Free, 4th Edition) 32 +It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely, 33 +AND 34 +. Otherwise we are doomed to perpetual slavery and possibly even to extinction. 35 + 36 + 37 +====No perm - Compromise with capital is impossible – only complete rejection can solve==== 38 +**Kovel 02** 39 +(Joel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard, The Enemy of Nature, p 142-3) 40 +The value-term that subsumes everything into the spell of capital sets going a 41 +AND 42 +field into zones of greater concentration, expanded profitability — and greater ecodestruction. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,22 @@ 1 +=Hate Speech DA – 1NC= 2 + 3 + 4 +====Current protections against hate speech are working – on campus harassment is decreasing nationally now. ==== 5 +**Sutton 16** Halley Sutton, Report shows crime on campus down across the country, Campus Security Report 13.4 (2016), 9/9/16,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/casr.30185/full //LADI 6 +A recent report released by the National Center for Education Statistics found an overall decrease 7 +AND 8 +lower than in 2001 for every category except forcible sex offenses and murder. 9 + 10 + 11 +====Removing restrictions on free speech allows hate speech – hate speech IS free speech==== 12 +**Volokh 15** Eugene Volokh,No, There's No "hate Speech" Exception to the First Amendment, The Washington Post, 5/7/15, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/07/no-theres-no-hate-speech-exception-to-the-first-amendment/?utm_term=.05cfdd01dea4 //LADI 13 +I keep hearing about a supposed "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment 14 +AND 15 +with any established definition of "hate speech" that I know of.) 16 + 17 + 18 +====Hate speech leads to a genocidal increase in crimes against marginalized groups. ==== 19 +**Greenblatt 15** Jonathan Greenblatt, When Hateful Speech Leads to Hate Crimes: Taking Bigotry Out of the Immigration Debate, Huffington Post, 8/21/15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-greenblatt/when-hateful-speech-leads_b_8022966.html //LADI 20 +When police arrived at the scene in Boston, they found a Latino man shaking 21 +AND 22 +are working with a broad coalition of partners to get the ball rolling. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Email me at 21akshaym@students.harker.org or hmu at Akshay Manglik on Facebook if you have questions or want the full text of a case. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,23 @@ 1 +===Util NC=== 2 + 3 + 4 +==== Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util's true.==== 5 +**Sinhababu** Neil (National University of Singapore) "The epistemic argument for hedonism" http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW 6 +The Odyssey's treatment of these events demonstrates how dramatically ancient Greek moral intuitions differ from 7 +AND 8 +the standard is maximizing expected well being. 9 +Prefer the standard additionally: 10 + 11 + 12 +====Only util can be applied to a government actor. Woller:==== 13 +Gary Woller ~~BYU Prof., "An Overview by Gary Woller", A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10~~ 14 +Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of economic or political resources, 15 +AND 16 +offs implied by their polices are somehow to the overall advantage of society. 17 + 18 + 19 +====Extinction must matter under any framework so that deliberation over the alternatives will continue. **Bostrom '11====** 20 +Nick Bostrom '11, "The Concept of Existential Risk", 2011, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority Accessed 4/15/16 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html 21 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential 22 +AND 23 +the process of getting there (but rather, if possible, improved). - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,24 @@ 1 +===Cap=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====The strive for "national service" is a façade used to justify endless warfare for the financial elite ==== 5 +Hanover '16 6 +Nancy Hanover, 10-7-2016, "Clinton calls for National Service," WSWS, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2016/10/07/serv-o07.html ~| AM 7 +Last Friday, September 30, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton announced a plan to 8 +AND 9 +put an end to this rapacious system and construct a new socialist society. 10 + 11 + 12 +====The critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – you don't solve the rc. Farbod 15==== 13 + ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) 14 +Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises 15 +AND 16 +enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. 17 + 18 + 19 +====Alt: "vote negative to stop participating in capitalism"==== 20 +**Herod 04** 21 +(James, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/4thEd/4-index.htm, Getting Free, 4th Edition) 22 +It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely, 23 +AND 24 +. Otherwise we are doomed to perpetual slavery and possibly even to extinction. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,37 @@ 1 +===Loan Forgiveness=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====CP Text: The USFG should provide loan forgiveness for AmeriCorps members as an incentive.==== 5 +Clinton is the solvency advocate. 6 +"Hillary Clinton's Commitment: A Debt-Free Future for America's Graduates," n.d. https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/07/06/hillary-clintons-commitment-a-debt-free-future-for-americas-graduates/. 7 +AmeriCorps members who complete two years of national service and a year of public service 8 +AND 9 +get enhanced loan forgiveness. 10 +Net Benefits: 11 +1. Education: 12 + 13 + 14 +====Loan forgiveness solves high tuition and drop out**Johnson 14** (Hans Johnson – supported by the College Access Foundation of California and writing for the Public Policy Institute of California, "Making College Possible for Low-Income Students: Grant and Scholarship Aid in California", http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_1014HJR.pdf, pg. 20-24)==== 15 +Students fail to complete college for many reasons, including financial constraints. Certainly it is well known that low-income students are less likely to finish college than other students, even accounting for differences in academic preparation and records. Surveys of students who drop out of college find that, indeed, financial constraints play an important role. In one survey, respondents not only cited the need to work as the primary reason for leaving college but also said that work and family commitments were the reasons for not being able to return to school. More than half of the respondents said that financial aid "that completely covered tuition and books" would induce them to return to school (Johnson et al. 2009). Studies on the direct effect of grant and scholarship aid on college completion also suggest that financial aid leads to increases in graduation rates. Assigning causality in such work is difficult, however, because students who apply for aid might be more motivated than others to earn a degree and because college prices and grant aid programs vary dramatically across colleges. In general, most studies find that grant aid for low-income students increases persistence rates by as much as 10 percentage points and completion rates by at least a few percentage points (Dynarski 2005; Deming and Dynarski 2009; Kuh et al. 2008).16 A rigorous study of Florida's "Student Access Grant" found that students whose family income made them just barely eligible for the grant of $1,300 were four percentage points more likely to earn a bachelor's degree within seven years than students who were ineligible for the grant because their income was just above the required level (28 versus 24; Castleman and Long 2013). Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics "Beginning Postsecondary Survey," we examined college completion rates among students in the United States who first entered college in 2003 and were followed through 2009.17 The data shows that grant aid is associated with higher rates of baccalaureate completion, even after controlling for institutional characteristics and student characteristics such as high school grade point average and family income. And our analysis indicated that the effect of grant aid is fairly strong: Every standard deviation increase in grant aid is associated with a 6.7 percentage point increase in the likelihood of graduating within six years. Our findings are consistent with but slightly different from those of Franke (2014). Restricting his analysis to students first enrolling in four-year colleges, Franke found that the effect of grant aid depends on its source: For every $1,000 in grant aid, federal aid (mostly Pell Grants) led to a 2.5 to 2.8 percent increase in degree attainment, state need-based aid led to a 2.4 to 2.6 percent increase, and institutional aid led to a 1.3 to 1.6 percent increase in degree attainment.18 16 + 17 + 18 +====Access to higher education is key to decreasing poverty in the long-term. ==== 19 +Haycock, Kati. "Higher Ed's Pivotal Role in Breaking the Cycle of Poverty." The Education Trust, May 28, 2015. https://edtrust.org/the-equity-line/higher-eds-pivotal-role-in-breaking-the-cycle-of-poverty/. 20 +At the individual level, though, quality education literally is the only way up 21 +AND 22 +, to our democracy, and to our society more generally. 23 +Econ 24 + 25 + 26 +==== Student loans will cause the next economic collapse. Fernandez 2-28==== 27 +Henry Fernandez, 2-28-2017, "Could the $1.3T of College Debt Spark the Next Financial Crisis?," Fox Business, http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2017/02/28/could-1-3t-college-college-debt-spark-next-financial-crisis.html. 28 +As President Trump addresses Congress over tax reform and defense spending in a joint session 29 +AND 30 +government since most of the student loans are guaranteed by tax payers. 31 + 32 + 33 +====global war ==== 34 +**Royal 10** (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215) 35 +Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict 36 +AND 37 +not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Manglik Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,33 @@ 1 +====The Aff's use of conscription as their advocacy creates a distinction in society between those able to serve and those who cannot ==== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Küçükaslan '17 Bülent. "Disability and Conscription: Masculinity, (Dis)Ableism, and the Militarised Body in Turkey ~| War Resisters' International." Accessed August 9, 2017. https://www.wri-irg.org/en/cobook-online/Disability-and-Conscription-masculinity-28dis29ableism-and-the-militarised-body-in-Turkey. KR==== 5 +One of the career paths that most decisively idealises the human body is the military. Certain terms, produced to appease those who are keen to engage in masculinist language patterns, such as 'to be harsh', 'to be alert', 'to be a man', 'to stand up straight', 'to obey orders', 'to not waiver', 'to not feel pain', 'to not feel sick', 'to not sleep', 'to not tire', are particularly presented as the building blocks of the military – despite the fact that these words are simply part of anyone's life, and not the special result of military activities. The imaginary construct of the ideal, militarized male body is particularly plain to see in the sixth article of the health management guidelines of the Turkish armed forces: 'those charged with entering the military via the route of mandatory conscription will be split into two groups: those who are and those who are not suitable to serve in the military. Those who are deemed suitable cannot have any illness or deficiency when it comes to their health'. In other words, the military might as well hang a big sign over its entrance gates saying 'no disabled persons allowed here'. This issue is not worth worrying much about in and of itself, however the fact of the matter is that it is not only those who want to pass through the proverbial gate who are subject to this gatekeeping – that is, those who want to serve in the military – but every last young man in Turkey (regardless of the obvious health concerns relating to disabled people). What makes matters worse in such cases is the fact that where the disabled are concerned, they clearly won't ever be able to meet the requirements to get into military service and pass through the gate, but a whole labyrinth of conscription examinations nonetheless continues to beckon every last potential conscript regardless of their health, creating nuisances and injustices for many. In this regard, there are two groups of people with disabilities, whose experiences with the military are well worth examining: 1) those who wish to join the military and 2) those who don't. If a disabled person actually wants to serve in the military, the majority of the injustices they will suffer will be observed in military hospitals and the request is typically rejected as being contradictory to military guidelines. No matter how much ~~a person of disability~~may wish to serve in the military and no matter how hard they may try to hide their disability, a 'deficient' person will never be regarded as worthy of wearing the military uniform. However, if the same person were to express a lack of interest in serving in the military on the sole account of their actual disability, everything would go the opposite way. In that case, no matter how much this person might wish to be exempted from the military, and no matter how much they might emphasise their disability, they would likely be faced with the accusation of trying to shirk the responsibilities that they are charged with by virtue of their masculinity; they will likely suffer the danger of being accused of trying to run from their duty, which comes with heavy consequences, such as suffering the pains of a bureaucratic quagmire, going into great financial expense, and losing lots of precious time while waiting for a final result. 6 + 7 + 8 +====Exclusion of disabled individuals is the root cause of violence and turns case==== 9 +Siebers '10 (Tobin, professor of English, University of Michigan, Disability Aesthetics, pgs 23-28) 10 +Disqualification as a symbolic process removes individuals from the ranks of quality human beings, 11 +AND 12 +represents at this moment in time the final frontier of justifiable human inferiority. 13 + 14 + 15 +====The alt is to shift from the medical model of disability to the social model==== 16 +Shakespeare '17 Tom "The Social Model of Disability." Routledge. Accessed August 8, 2017.** **https://disabilitystudies.nl/sites/disabilitystudies.nl/files/beeld/onderwijs/lennard_davis_the_disability_studies_reader_secbookzz-org.pdf - page=216. KR 17 +While the fi st UPIAS Statement of Aims had talked of social problems as an 18 +AND 19 +Rather than feeling self-pity, she can feel anger and pride. 20 + 21 + 22 +====The role of the ballot is to vote for the better debater with the best pedagogy for challenging ableism==== 23 +Nocella '05 ~~Anthony J. Nocella II, "Emergence of Disability Pedagogy", Journal For Critical Education Policy Studies, 6, Syracuse University, http://www.jceps.com/PDFs/6-2-05.pdf~~ KR 24 +Further, Artiles and Kozleski write, ―The premise of inclusive school communities is 25 +AND 26 +a platform for people with disabilities, therefore the rise of disability pedagogy. 27 + 28 + 29 +====discussions of ability and disability are especially necessary in the debate space. ==== 30 + 31 + 32 +====Stevens Maddy. "Ableism." Premier Debate Today, November 20, 2015. http://premierdebatetoday.com/2015/11/19/ableism/. KR==== 33 +Understanding that our approach to disability is produced by those who actively benefit from the identification and control of those populations is an important starting point for any discussion. The recognition that the assignment and treatment of disability is not neutral is at least enough to encourage us to keep an open mind when we engage in questions like "what role does ableism play?" and "how do we create a more inclusive community?" We must approach ~~ability discussions in debate~~ with the concession that our knowledge is wrong, and we must be ready to accept the narratives and input of disabled people if we are to reach any true solution. This holds especially true within the debate space, particularly if we agree to any given author's assertion that we are educators within this space. Because ableism is so particularly entwined with academia (whether it be through outright contempt or through subtle exclusion), it is incredibly important that we recognize the role we all may play in facilitating certain harmful norms. Debate is a space for advocacy, but we attach all sorts of conditions and stipulations for even just agreeing to hear something out. The speaker has to present a certain way, they can't stutter or pause, as that shows a lack of preparation, and they should maintain eye contact or it shows a lack of conviction in their arguments. These are arbitrary standards rooted in ablenormativity, there is nothing natural about eye contact nor is it necessarily more persuasive. Having a harder time reading or pronouncing words is no reason to invalidate a performance and is no indication of lack of ability. We need to recognize that our process for validating some arguments over others may be rooted in either the politics of credibility (those mentioned above) or within our own biases. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-10 04:32:50.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-13 02:38:20.0 - Judge
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