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... ... @@ -1,79 +1,0 @@ 1 -=1AC= 2 - 3 -==Framework == 4 - 5 - 6 -====The political process has changed – instead of trying to engage with society, we have become fixated on symbolic gestures and looking to personal ethics, leading to serial policy failure and the War on Terror. We need to engage with concrete action not 'me-search' and radical utopias==== 7 -**Chandler 7** (David Chandler – Professor of International Relations and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster. He's also the founding editor of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, "The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere (The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler)", http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf, pgs. 1-9, EmmieeM) 8 -Introduction. It seems that our engagement with and understanding of politics is increasingly shaped 9 -AND 10 -, critique, and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time. 11 - 12 - 13 -====Focus on big, apocalyptic scenarios justifies all atrocities carried out in the name of avoiding them – prefer being an intellectual coming up with methodologies for change rather than feeding the security machine==== 14 -**Matheson 15** (Calum Matheson – This is his PhD dissertation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Desired Ground Zeros: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive", https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:4bbcb13b-0b5f-43a1-884c-fcd6e6411fd6, pg. 187-189, EmmieeM) 15 -The danger of seeking the Real of nuclear warfare in language is that the inevitable 16 -AND 17 -the impossibility of an eventual triumph of automaton against the caprice of tuché. 18 - 19 - 20 -====Challenging background beliefs about security measures is a prior question because educational spaces like debate is where knowledge about war is created and asserted. Acting as a critical outsider within public spaces is crucial to changing prevailing beliefs and practices==== 21 -**Crawford 16** (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 286-288, EmmieeM) 22 -While the deeper background ideas about war are not routinely surfaces, foregrounded, and 23 -AND 24 -has been the case with assumptions about the legitimacy and utility of war. 25 - 26 - 27 -====Questioning the legitimacy of war and securitization is key to deconstruct the background ideas that shape the development of tactics, research, and weapons. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best deconstructs the security state==== 28 -**Crawford 16** (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 284-186, EmmieeM) 29 -War is defined as the use of military force to achieve a political objective. 30 -AND 31 -may be rarely expressed in explicit propositional form among the politically dominant classes. 32 - 33 - 34 -==Offense == 35 - 36 - 37 -====Colleges are the newest target of the security state – the perception that universities are uniquely capable of supporting democracy and dissent over the War on Terror and free enterprise drives right-wing extremists to enforce censorship, under the guise of advancing tolerance and rights==== 38 -**Giroux 6** (Henry A. Giroux – one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, PhD from Carnegie, was a professor at Boston University and scholar at Miami University. Was the founding Director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. Published by John Hopkins University Press, "Academic Freedom Under FIre: The Case for Critical Pedagogy, pgs. 1 – 9, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/203608/pdf, EmmieeM) 39 -Higher education in the United States appears to be caught in a strange contradiction. 40 -AND 41 -the best talent to American universities" (Jonathan Cole 2005b, B7). 42 - 43 - 44 -====The dissenter has become the terrorist to be eradicated – the security state has transformed college censorship into a tool of suppression for radical or brown students under the pretense of enforcing diversity and tolerance for right-wing students. Absent analysis of the War on Terror, liberation becomes impossible because struggles for racial or gender equality becomes coopted to further Islamaphobia and Middle East interventionism.==== 45 -**Chatterjee 14** (Piya Chatterjee – Gender and Woman's Studies Chair of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Department at Scripps; B.A. from Wellesley in Political Science/Anthropology; M.A. at UChicago in Political Science/Anthropology; PhD at UChicago in Anthropology; numerous awards (professor of the year, bridging theory to practice grant, ford foundation grant, etc); Sunandra Maira – Professor of Asian American studies at UC Davis; Ed.D in Human Development and Psychology from Harvard; "The Imperial University: Race, War, and the Nation-State", "Academic Contaiment" – entire section, pg. 17 – 25, https://www.csun.edu/cdsc/Imperial20University20Introduction20-20Piya20Chatterjee20and20Sunaina20Maira.pdf, "Academic Containment", EmmieeM) 46 -State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with 47 -AND 48 -the mission of higher education and the future of the nation-state. 49 - 50 - 51 -====Security thrives on insecurity – the state fabricates dangerous "Others" to justify endless warfare in order to sustain hegemony and the myth of perpetual threats. Any weighing calculus that fails to account for the invisible violence happening in the status quo is epistemologically flawed – only through acknowledging that the War on Terror is fueled by the torture and slaughter of ordinary citizens can we deconstruct securitization. ==== 52 -**McClintock 9** (Anne McClintock – B.A in English from University of Cape Town; M.Phil in Linguistics at the University of Cambridge; PhD in English Literature from Columbia; previous Associate Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at Columbia"Paranoid Empire: Specters From Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib", pgs. 50-54, http://english110fall2014leroy.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2014/06/13.1.mcclintock.pdf, EmmieeM) 53 -The question is still open: what is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay? Is 54 -AND 55 -contradictory sites where imperial racism, sexuality, and gender catastrophically collide.11 56 - 57 - 58 -====Thus, the plan. Resolved: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. ==== 59 -**Downs 4** (Donald Alexander Downs – Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Oakland, California. He has won the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the American Political Science Association, and has been in published in journals, encyclopedias, and professional books. "Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus", pgs. Xx – xxi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf, EmmieeM) 60 -During most of the twentieth century, threats to campus free speech and academic freedom 61 -AND 62 -commitment on campus can help to bring about this retrieval of liberal principles. 63 - 64 - 65 -==Solvency == 66 - 67 - 68 -====The affirmative is an act of carpentry – the world is a really messed up place, but you cannot deny the existence of 6 billion people who cannot survive absent infrastructure and networks that provide food, transportation, and medicine. Empty critiques and radical upheavals devoid of concrete proposals are incomprehensible, doomed to failure, and drive people towards reigning ideology==== 69 -**Bryant 12** — Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 ("Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left," Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant's philosophy blog, November 11^^th^^, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014) 70 -I must be in a mood today–half irritated, half amused–because 71 -AND 72 -. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that. 73 - 74 - 75 -====The security state operates on a binary where people are either complacent allies or dissenters to be suppressed at all costs – by framing unsavory speech acts as coming from people who are our equals and share more similarities than differences rather than evil "Others" to be destroyed, the affirmative avoids cooption of "protection" movements and the antagonisms that drive war. Anything other than complete rejection hyperlinks to the impacts of the AFF. ==== 76 -**Ivie 5** (Robert L. Ivie – PhD in Rhetoric and Communication at WashU, "Democratic Dissent and the Trick of Rhetorical Critique", "Dissent as a Form of Struggle" – entire section, pg. 279 – 280, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.832.4092andrep=rep1andtype=pdf, EmmieeM) 77 -Democracy's formidable challenge may be most clearly indicated on the occasion of war. War 78 -AND 79 -it is otherwise curtailed and constrained by a regime of crisis and war? - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,94 +1,0 @@ 1 -=1AC= 2 - 3 - 4 -==Framework == 5 - 6 - 7 -====The political process has changed – instead of trying to engage with society, we have become fixated on symbolic gestures and looking to personal ethics, leading to serial policy failure and the War on Terror. We need to engage with concrete action not 'me-search' and radical utopias==== 8 -**Chandler 7** (David Chandler – Professor of International Relations and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster. He's also the founding editor of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, "The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere (The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler)", http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf, pgs. 1-9, EmmieeM) 9 -Introduction. It seems that our engagement with and understanding of politics is increasingly shaped 10 -AND 11 -, critique, and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time. 12 - 13 - 14 -====Focus on big, apocalyptic scenarios justifies all atrocities carried out in the name of avoiding them – prefer being an intellectual coming up with methodologies for change rather than feeding the security machine==== 15 -**Matheson 15** (Calum Matheson – This is his PhD dissertation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Desired Ground Zeros: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive", https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:4bbcb13b-0b5f-43a1-884c-fcd6e6411fd6, pg. 187-189, EmmieeM) 16 -The danger of seeking the Real of nuclear warfare in language is that the inevitable 17 -AND 18 -the impossibility of an eventual triumph of automaton against the caprice of tuché. 19 - 20 - 21 -====Challenging background beliefs about security measures is a prior question because educational spaces like debate is where knowledge about war is created and asserted. Acting as a critical outsider within public spaces is crucial to changing prevailing beliefs and practices. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best deconstructs the security state==== 22 -**Crawford 16** (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 286-288, EmmieeM) 23 -While the deeper background ideas about war are not routinely surfaces, foregrounded, and 24 -AND 25 -has been the case with assumptions about the legitimacy and utility of war. 26 - 27 - 28 -==Offense == 29 - 30 - 31 -====Colleges are the newest target of the security state – the perception that universities are uniquely capable of supporting democracy and dissent over the War on Terror and free enterprise drives right-wing extremists to enforce censorship, under the guise of advancing tolerance and rights==== 32 -**Giroux 6** (Henry A. Giroux – one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, PhD from Carnegie, was a professor at Boston University and scholar at Miami University. Was the founding Director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. Published by John Hopkins University Press, "Academic Freedom Under FIre: The Case for Critical Pedagogy, pgs. 1 – 9, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/203608/pdf, EmmieeM) 33 -Higher education in the United States appears to be caught in a strange contradiction. 34 -AND 35 -the best talent to American universities" (Jonathan Cole 2005b, B7). 36 - 37 - 38 -====The dissenter has become the terrorist to be eradicated – the security state has transformed college censorship into a tool of suppression for radical or brown students under the pretense of enforcing diversity and tolerance for right-wing students. Absent analysis of the War on Terror, liberation becomes impossible because struggles for racial or gender equality becomes coopted to further Islamaphobia and Middle East interventionism.==== 39 -**Chatterjee 14** (Piya Chatterjee – Gender and Woman's Studies Chair of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Department at Scripps; B.A. from Wellesley in Political Science/Anthropology; M.A. at UChicago in Political Science/Anthropology; PhD at UChicago in Anthropology; numerous awards (professor of the year, bridging theory to practice grant, ford foundation grant, etc); Sunandra Maira – Professor of Asian American studies at UC Davis; Ed.D in Human Development and Psychology from Harvard; "The Imperial University: Race, War, and the Nation-State", "Academic Contaiment" – entire section, pg. 17 – 25, https://www.csun.edu/cdsc/Imperial20University20Introduction20-20Piya20Chatterjee20and20Sunaina20Maira.pdf, "Academic Containment", EmmieeM) 40 -State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with 41 -AND 42 -the mission of higher education and the future of the nation-state. 43 - 44 - 45 -====Security thrives on insecurity – the state fabricates dangerous "Others" to justify endless warfare in order to sustain hegemony and the myth of perpetual threats. Any weighing calculus that fails to account for the invisible violence happening in the status quo is epistemologically flawed – only through acknowledging that the War on Terror is fueled by the torture and slaughter of ordinary citizens can we deconstruct securitization. ==== 46 -**McClintock 9** (Anne McClintock – B.A in English from University of Cape Town; M.Phil in Linguistics at the University of Cambridge; PhD in English Literature from Columbia; previous Associate Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at Columbia"Paranoid Empire: Specters From Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib", pgs. 50-54, http://english110fall2014leroy.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2014/06/13.1.mcclintock.pdf, EmmieeM) 47 -The question is still open: what is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay? Is 48 -AND 49 -contradictory sites where imperial racism, sexuality, and gender catastrophically collide.11 50 - 51 - 52 -====Free speech codes shut down campus criticism and replace it with government-approved propaganda – there's a massive spillover effect because journalism grads lose the ability to pursue controversial pieces and censorship becomes normalized==== 53 -**Sanders 6** (Chris Sanders – University of Arizona Law Review, "Censorship 101: Anti-Hazelwood Laws and the Preservation of Free Speech at Colleges and Universities", "Say no More: Hazelwood's Dangers For College Students' Free Expression" – through the end of "Too Much Freedom: How the Extension of Hazelwood to Universities Could Endanger the Future of the First Amendment", pgs. 171 – 173, https://www.law.ua.edu/pubs/lrarticles/Volume2058/Issue201/sanders.pdf , EmmieeM) 54 -Post-Hazelwood censorship disputes have not been limited to high schools; a number 55 -AND 56 -" speech is nothing more than a distant memory from an earlier time. 57 - 58 - 59 -====Discourse is a pre-requisite to change – relationships must first be made visible before reformation can occur==== 60 -**Wingenbach 11** (Ed, Notre Dame Government and international studies PhD, "Institutionalizing Agonistic Democracy," pg 190-198, https://books.google.com/books?id=7-8JrC64UgwCandprintsec=frontcover//LADI) 61 -Third, because Knops ignores the situated source of antagonism and the persistence of hegemony 62 -AND 63 -opened up to greater contestation, generosity, and active re-constitution. 64 - 65 - 66 -====Thus, the plan. Resolved: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. ==== 67 -**Downs 4** (Donald Alexander Downs – Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Oakland, California. He has won the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the American Political Science Association, and has been in published in journals, encyclopedias, and professional books. "Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus", pgs. Xx – xxi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf, EmmieeM) 68 -During most of the twentieth century, threats to campus free speech and academic freedom 69 -AND 70 -commitment on campus can help to bring about this retrieval of liberal principles. 71 - 72 - 73 -==Solvency == 74 - 75 - 76 -====The security state operates on a binary where people are either complacent allies or dissenters to be suppressed at all costs – by framing unsavory speech acts as coming from people who are our equals and share more similarities than differences rather than evil "Others" to be destroyed, the affirmative avoids cooption of "protection" movements and the antagonisms that drive war. Anything other than complete rejection hyperlinks to the impacts of the AFF. ==== 77 -**Ivie 5** (Robert L. Ivie – PhD in Rhetoric and Communication at WashU, "Democratic Dissent and the Trick of Rhetorical Critique", "Dissent as a Form of Struggle" – entire section, pg. 279 – 280, ?http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.832.4092andrep=rep1andtype=pdf, EmmieeM) 78 -Democracy's formidable challenge may be most clearly indicated on the occasion of war. War 79 -AND 80 -it is otherwise curtailed and constrained by a regime of crisis and war? 81 - 82 - 83 -====The ontology of security creates a reinforcing cycle of insecure anticipation and violent action – calculative ordering is the root cause of extinction threats which turns their DA's==== 84 -Burke 07 – (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, and author of many books, "Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason", Truth and Existence, 10:2) 85 -My argument here, whilst normatively sympathetic to Kant's moral demand for the eventual abolition 86 -AND 87 -and violence as necessary policy responses, however ineffective, dysfunctional or chaotic. 88 - 89 - 90 -====The affirmative is an act of carpentry – the world is a really messed up place, but you cannot deny the existence of 6 billion people who cannot survive absent infrastructure. Empty critiques and radical upheavals devoid of concrete proposals are incomprehensible, doomed to failure, and drive people towards reigning ideology==== 91 -**Bryant 12** — Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 ("Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left," Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant's philosophy blog, November 11^^th^^, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014) 92 -I must be in a mood today–half irritated, half amused–because 93 -AND 94 -. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,89 +1,0 @@ 1 -=1AC= 2 - 3 -==Framework == 4 - 5 - 6 -====The political process has changed – we have become fixated on looking to personal ethics- instead we need to engage with concrete action not 'me-search' and radical utopias==== 7 -**Chandler 7** (David Chandler – Professor of International Relations and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster. He's also the founding editor of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, "The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere (The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler)", http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf, pgs. 1-9, EmmieeM) 8 -Introduction. It seems that our engagement with and understanding of politics is increasingly shaped 9 -AND 10 -, critique, and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time. 11 - 12 - 13 -==Offense == 14 - 15 - 16 -====Colleges are the newest target of the security state – the perception that universities are uniquely capable of supporting dissent over the War on Terror and free enterprise drives right-wing extremists to enforce censorship==== 17 -**Giroux 6** (Henry A. Giroux – one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, PhD from Carnegie, was a professor at Boston University and scholar at Miami University. Was the founding Director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. Published by John Hopkins University Press, "Academic Freedom Under FIre: The Case for Critical Pedagogy, pgs. 1 – 9, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/203608/pdf, EmmieeM) 18 -Higher education in the United States appears to be caught in a strange contradiction. 19 -AND 20 -the best talent to American universities" (Jonathan Cole 2005b, B7). 21 - 22 - 23 -====The security state has transformed college censorship into a tool of suppression for radical or brown students under the pretense of enforcing tolerance for right-wing students - struggles for racial or gender equality becomes coopted to further Islamaphobia and Middle East interventionism.==== 24 -**Chatterjee 14** (Piya Chatterjee – Gender and Woman's Studies Chair of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Department at Scripps; B.A. from Wellesley in Political Science/Anthropology; M.A. at UChicago in Political Science/Anthropology; PhD at UChicago in Anthropology; numerous awards (professor of the year, bridging theory to practice grant, ford foundation grant, etc); Sunandra Maira – Professor of Asian American studies at UC Davis; Ed.D in Human Development and Psychology from Harvard; "The Imperial University: Race, War, and the Nation-State", "Academic Contaiment" – entire section, pg. 17 – 25, https://www.csun.edu/cdsc/Imperial20University20Introduction20-20Piya20Chatterjee20and20Sunaina20Maira.pdf, "Academic Containment", EmmieeM) 25 -State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with 26 -AND 27 -the mission of higher education and the future of the nation-state. 28 - 29 - 30 -====The state fabricates dangerous "Others" to justify endless warfare in order to sustain hegemony - Any weighing calculus that fails to account for the invisible violence happening in the status quo is epistemologically flawed – only through acknowledging that the War on Terror is fueled by the slaughter of ordinary citizens can we deconstruct securitization. ==== 31 -**McClintock 9** (Anne McClintock – B.A in English from University of Cape Town; M.Phil in Linguistics at the University of Cambridge; PhD in English Literature from Columbia; previous Associate Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at Columbia"Paranoid Empire: Specters From Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib", pgs. 50-54, http://english110fall2014leroy.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2014/06/13.1.mcclintock.pdf, EmmieeM) 32 -The question is still open: what is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay? Is 33 -AND 34 -contradictory sites where imperial racism, sexuality, and gender catastrophically collide.11 35 - 36 - 37 -====Free speech codes shut down campus criticism and replace it with government-approved propaganda – there's a massive spillover effect because journalism grads lose the ability to pursue controversial pieces and censorship becomes normalized==== 38 -**Sanders 6** (Chris Sanders – University of Arizona Law Review, "Censorship 101: Anti-Hazelwood Laws and the Preservation of Free Speech at Colleges and Universities", "Say no More: Hazelwood's Dangers For College Students' Free Expression" – through the end of "Too Much Freedom: How the Extension of Hazelwood to Universities Could Endanger the Future of the First Amendment", pgs. 171 – 173, https://www.law.ua.edu/pubs/lrarticles/Volume2058/Issue201/sanders.pdf , EmmieeM) 39 -Post-Hazelwood censorship disputes have not been limited to high schools; a number 40 -AND 41 -" speech is nothing more than a distant memory from an earlier time. 42 - 43 - 44 -====Discourse is a pre-requisite to change – relationships must first be made visible before reformation can occur==== 45 -**Wingenbach 11** (Ed, Notre Dame Government and international studies PhD, "Institutionalizing Agonistic Democracy," pg 190-198, https://books.google.com/books?id=7-8JrC64UgwCandprintsec=frontcover//LADI) 46 -Third, because Knops ignores the situated source of antagonism and the persistence of hegemony 47 -AND 48 -opened up to greater contestation, generosity, and active re-constitution. 49 - 50 - 51 -====Thus, the plan. Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. ==== 52 -**Downs 4** (Donald Alexander Downs – Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Oakland, California. He has won the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the American Political Science Association, and has been in published in journals, encyclopedias, and professional books. "Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus", pgs. Xx – xxi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf, EmmieeM) 53 -During most of the twentieth century, threats to campus free speech and academic freedom 54 -AND 55 -commitment on campus can help to bring about this retrieval of liberal principles. 56 - 57 - 58 -==Solvency == 59 - 60 - 61 -====The aff spills over - we should engage in discourse that criticizes the security state because it challenges the social practice of war==== 62 -**Crawford 16** (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 286-288, EmmieeM) 63 -While the deeper background ideas about war are not routinely surfaces, foregrounded, and 64 -AND 65 -has been the case with assumptions about the legitimacy and utility of war. 66 - 67 - 68 -====By framing unsavory speech acts as coming from people who are our equals rather than evil "Others" to be destroyed, the affirmative avoids cooption - anything other than complete rejection hyperlinks to the impacts of the AFF. ==== 69 -**Ivie 5** (Robert L. Ivie – PhD in Rhetoric and Communication at WashU, "Democratic Dissent and the Trick of Rhetorical Critique", "Dissent as a Form of Struggle" – entire section, pg. 279 – 280, ?http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.832.4092andrep=rep1andtype=pdf, EmmieeM) 70 -Democracy's formidable challenge may be most clearly indicated on the occasion of war. War 71 -AND 72 -it is otherwise curtailed and constrained by a regime of crisis and war? 73 - 74 - 75 -===Underview=== 76 - 77 - 78 -====The affirmative is an act of carpentry – the world is a really messed up place, but you cannot deny the existence of 6 billion people who cannot survive absent infrastructure. Empty critiques and radical upheavals devoid of concrete proposals are incomprehensible, doomed to failure, and drive people towards reigning ideology==== 79 -**Bryant 12** — Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 ("Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left," Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant's philosophy blog, November 11^^th^^, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014) 80 -I must be in a mood today–half irritated, half amused–because 81 -AND 82 -. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that. 83 - 84 - 85 -====The ontology of security creates a reinforcing cycle of insecure anticipation and violent action – calculative ordering is the root cause of extinction threats which turns their DA's==== 86 -Burke 07 – (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, and author of many books, "Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason", Truth and Existence, 10:2) 87 -My argument here, whilst normatively sympathetic to Kant's moral demand for the eventual abolition 88 -AND 89 -and violence as necessary policy responses, however ineffective, dysfunctional or chaotic. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@ 1 -====Plan Text: The Department of Health and Human Services should make service in either the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service or the Medical Reserve Corps compulsory for medical and public health professionals. To clarify, a medical or public health professional would be required to participate in one of the two programs. Townshend 06, the solvency advocate, elaborates==== 2 -Frances Fragos Townshend. February 2006. Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism. "ThE FEDERAL RESPONSE TO HURRICANE KATRINA LESSONS LEARNED" Office of the President of the United States https://books.google.com/books?id=qbLtB_3lIWkC ~| AM 3 -HHS should organize, train, equip, and roster medical and public health professionals 4 -AND 5 -system to quickly and efficiently identify, credential and assign personnel to missions. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,112 +1,0 @@ 1 -==1AC== 2 - 3 - 4 -===Fmwk=== 5 -Because ought implies a moral obligation, I value morality. 6 - 7 - 8 -==== Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util's true.==== 9 -**Sinhababu** Neil (National University of Singapore) "The epistemic argument for hedonism" http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW 10 -The Odyssey's treatment of these events demonstrates how dramatically ancient Greek moral intuitions differ from 11 -AND 12 -not do something I commit the action of not doing or choosing the action 13 - 14 - 15 -====Only consequentialism can be applied to a government actor. Woller:==== 16 -Gary Woller ~~BYU Prof., "An Overview by Gary Woller", A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10~~ 17 -Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of economic or political resources, 18 -AND 19 -offs implied by their polices are somehow to the overall advantage of society. 20 - 21 - 22 -====Extinction must matter under any framework so that deliberation over the alternatives will continue. **Bostrom '11====** 23 -Nick Bostrom '11, "The Concept of Existential Risk", 2011, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority Accessed 4/15/16 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html 24 -These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential 25 -AND 26 -the process of getting there (but rather, if possible, improved). 27 - 28 - 29 -===Adv 1: Disease=== 30 - 31 - 32 -====Currently – the world is at risk of a disease epidemic – no one is prepared – McNeil 7-31==== 33 -Donald G. Mcneil Jr., Donald G. McNeil Jr. is a science and health reporter specializing in plagues and pestilences. He covers diseases of the world's poor, including AIDS, Ebola, malaria, swine and bird flu, mad cow disease, SARS and so on. , 7-31-2017, "Only Six Nations Have Evaluated Readiness for Global Pandemic," NYT, https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/health/global-pandemic-preparedness.html?_r=1 ~| AM 34 -Of the world's countries, only six — three rich ones and three poor ones 35 -AND 36 -since 1980, and air travel spreads contagions across oceans far more often. 37 - 38 - 39 -====Diseases will cause extinction – laundry list of causes checks burnout and generic defense==== 40 -**Gordon, 8** – BA in Engineering, MBA, CEO of Early Warning, Inc. (Neil, "Biohazards are the greatest threat to humankind," Early Warning, Accessed 6/12/16 http://www.earlywarninginc.com/biohazards.php)//SY 41 -Biohazard outbreaks from pathogens and infectious diseases occur every day in the U.S 42 -AND 43 -count the dead, the dying, environmental damage, and economic costs. 44 - 45 - 46 -====Disease is the most probable threat – o/ws all other impacts Gates 2-18==== 47 -Bill Gates, 2-18-2017, "BILL GATES: A new kind of terrorism could wipe out 30 million people in less than a year — and we are not prepared," Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-op-ed-bio-terrorism-epidemic-world-threat-2017-2 ~| AM 48 -When I decided 20 years ago to make global health the focus of my philanthropic 49 -AND 50 -world's biggest challenges to create a safer, healthier, more stable world. 51 - 52 - 53 -====It's the most likely existential risk – Checks stop all other impacts==== 54 -**Harack '16 (3/21, Ben, staff @ Vision of the Earth, "How likely is human extinction due to a natural pandemic?", http://www.visionofearth.org/future-of-humanity/existential-risks/human-extinction-by-natural-pandemic/)** 55 -Unsurprisingly, estimates of this risk vary wildly; even expert commentators tend to be 56 -AND 57 -risk among the natural existential risks we consider to be the most dangerous. 58 - 59 - 60 -====Only takes months==== 61 -**Newitz 14 (7/3, Annalee, staff @ Gizmodo, "7 Global Apocalypse Scenarios That Might Really Happen", http://io9.gizmodo.com/7-global-apocalypse-scenarios-that-might-really-happen-1599781413)** 62 -There's nothing that a pandemic disease loves more than city life, with lots of 63 -AND 64 -virulent enough, humanity could be wiped out in a matter of months. 65 - 66 - 67 -===Solvency=== 68 - 69 - 70 -====Plan Text: The Department of Health and Human Services should make service in either the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service or the Medical Reserve Corps compulsory for medical and public health professionals. To clarify, a medical or public health professional would be required to participate in one of the two programs. Townshend 06, the solvency advocate, elaborates==== 71 -Frances Fragos Townshend. February 2006. Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism. "ThE FEDERAL RESPONSE TO HURRICANE KATRINA LESSONS LEARNED" Office of the President of the United States https://books.google.com/books?id=qbLtB_3lIWkC ~| AM 72 -HHS should organize, train, equip, and roster medical and public health professionals 73 -AND 74 -system to quickly and efficiently identify, credential and assign personnel to missions. 75 - 76 - 77 -====The MRC engages in a laundry list of localized, community actions and disaster responses– key to rapid response to stop emerging pathogens. NACCHO '16==== 78 -National Association of County and City Health Officials June 2016 The National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) was founded in the 1960's. Since its inception, NACCHO has sought to improve the public's health while adhering to a set of core values: equity, excellence, participation, respect, integrity, leadership, science and innovation. Today, NACCHO is comprised of nearly 3,000 local health departments across the United States. Together, we form an organization focused on being a leader, partner, catalyst, and voice for change for local health departments around the nation. "Medical Reserve Corps" NACCHO http://www.naccho.org/uploads/downloadable-resources/13-06-Medical-Reserve-Corps.pdf ~| AM 79 -MRC units are trained and ready. Units train their volunteers to meet core competencies 80 -AND 81 -engaging their local MRC units to help keep the public both safe and healthy 82 - 83 - 84 -====Commissioned Corps uniquely key to solve disease – laundry list of issues Flowers et al '09==== 85 -CDR Louis Flowers, PharmD, MS, CAPT Jeannette Wick, RPh, MBA, CAPT William Douglas Figg, Sr., PharmD, MBA, CAPT Robert H. McClelland, PharmD, BCPS, NCPS, CDR Michael Shiber, BS Pharm, CDR James E. Britton, PharmD, LCDR Diem-Kieu H. Ngo, PharmD, LCDR Vicky Borders-Hemphill, PharmD, LCDR Christina Mead, PharmD, NCPS, LT Jerry Zee, PharmD, and CDR Paul Huntzinger, BS Pharm, MA May June 2009 "U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps Pharmacists: Making a Difference in Advancing the Nation's Health" J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2009 May–Jun; 49(3): 446–452. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824555/ ~| AM 86 -Public health—the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting 87 -AND 88 -to more than 1.1 affected individuals in the focus countries.21 89 - 90 - 91 -====Ebola proves laundry list of benefits Brown-Stephenson '17==== 92 -Michelle Brown-Stephenson, MS, MLS, BSN, CHES 2017. CAPT Michelle Brown-Stephenson is a Regional Nurse Consultant in the Federal Bureau of Prisons South Central Region and a Commissioned Corps Officer in the United States Public Health Service (USPHS). CAPT Brown-Stephenson has served 20 years in correctional nursing in various sub specialties. She has deployed in staff and leadership positions in response to numerous public health catastrophes. Michelle earned a baccalaureate in nursing science degree, dual Master's degrees in health education and medical librarianship, and advanced certification as a Health Education Specialist. She is currently pursuing a PhD degree in public health. "United States Public Health Service Nurses: Deployment in Global Crisis" ANA PeriodicalsOJINTable of ContentsVol 22 2017No1 Jan 2017 http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-22-2017/No1-Jan-2017/United-States-Public-Health-Service-Nurses.html ~| AM 93 -Nurses serving in the uniformed forces are often first responders to medical crises throughout the 94 -AND 95 -health crises, as they have done throughout history of the nursing profession. 96 - 97 - 98 -===Underview=== 99 - 100 - 101 -====Empty critiques and radical upheavals devoid of concrete proposals are incomprehensible, doomed to failure, and drive people towards reigning ideology==== 102 -**Bryant 12** — Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 ("Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left," Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant's philosophy blog, November 11^^th^^, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014) 103 -I must be in a mood today–half irritated, half amused–because 104 -AND 105 -. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that. 106 - 107 - 108 -====Institutional approaches are key to movements and salvaging good parts of the state==== 109 -Grossberg, 92 (Lawrence, Morris Davis Professor of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "We Gotta Get Out of this Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture", page 388-389) 110 -The demand for moral and ideological purity often results in the rejection of any 111 -AND 112 -reasonably democratic structures of institutionalization, even if they are impure and compromised. - EntryDate
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