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	1	+===Part 1 is Framework===
	2	+
	3	+
	4	+====Traditional ethics has functioned from a place of privilege and domination, thereby silencing the voices of marginalized groups. Morality can't be a set of rigid rules based on a universal white, masculine subject's "reason." Arnault 92====
	5	+Lynne S Arnault,PhD, Prof Miss State Gender/Body/Knowledge, Ed. By Alison Jagger, 1992
	6	+For many philosophers in the American-British analytic tradition, radical feminist moral theory
	7	+AND
	8	+have reinforced dualistic ideologies of masculinity and femininity. (186-7)
	9	+
	10	+
	11	+====Theories that fail to acknowledge the prevalence of patriarchy are subject to flawed epistemology – any framework must be filtered through an understanding of the gendered politics of the resolution. Stanley 02====
	12	+Liz Stanley Prof. Womens Studies @ Manchester and Sue Wise Prof of social justice Lancaster, Breaking out Again , 2002
	13	+Is there a distinct feminist method, in the sense of a technique of data
	14	+AND
	15	+Existing feminist epistemologies do this in varied ways. (188-9)
	16	+
	17	+
	18	+====The role of the ballot and judge as an educator is to reject arguments based on asymmetrical power relations—because pedagogical contexts are inherently political, we have a unique opportunity to promote real change. Trifonas 03====
	19	+PETER PERICLES TRIFONAS. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE/ RoutledgeFalmer. New York, London. 2003. Questia.
	20	+If we superimpose my formulation of "power as relation" on the discussion concerning
	21	+AND
	22	+to make the world a better place for us and for our children.
	23	+
	24	+
	25	+====Only working within the state resolves gender violence – reforming assumptions in policy is uniquely valuable ====
	26	+**Tickner, feminist IR theorist and a distinguished scholar in residence at the School of International Services, American University, 01 **
	27	+~~J. Ann, Gendering World Politics, p. 11-13, MM~~
	28	+Feminist theories are multidisciplinary; they draw from both the social and natural sciences as
	29	+AND
	30	+biases in the ways in which our theories have been focused and developed.
	31	+
	32	+
	33	+===Part 2 is Offense===
	34	+
	35	+
	36	+====The impacts to intimate partner violence are horrific and experienced by 1.3 million women each year. NCADV '07====
	37	+NCADV 07 ("Domestic Violence Facts." National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Every Home a Safe Home. NCADV Public Policy Office, Washington D.C. July 2007.")
	38	+Domestic violence is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault,
	39	+AND
	40	+restraining orders against intimate partners who raped or stalked the victim were violated.
	41	+
	42	+
	43	+====Police departments fail to investigate domestic violence in the squo – DOJ investigations prove. ACLU 12/15====
	44	+American Civil Liberties Union. 12/15/15 For nearly 100 years, the ACLU has been our nation's guardian of liberty, working in courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and the laws of the United States guarantee everyone in this country. With more than a million members, activists, and supporters, the ACLU is a nationwide organization that fights tirelessly in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Washington, D.C. to safeguard everyone's rights. It is a non partisan group. "POLICE DEPARTMENTS ASKED TO EXAMINE GENDER-BIAS AND VICTIM TREATMENT" ACLU Accessed 11/12/16 https://www.aclu.org/news/doj-issues-new-guidance-police-domestic-violence-and-sexual-assault-cases ~| AM **I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
	45	+The guidance comes on the heels of DOJ investigations of gender-biased policing in
	46	+AND
	47	+a victim is put at greater risk as a result of police conduct.
	48	+
	49	+
	50	+====Police fail to enforce restraining orders – studies prove. Jain 11====
	51	+Niji Jain. 2011. Jain is an associate in the firm's litigation department. Prior to joining the firm, Ms. Jain served as a law clerk to the Honorable Orinda D. Evans in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Ms. Jain has been active in litigation at all stages, including pre-litigation counseling, discovery, motions practice, mediation, and trial. She has a JD with honors from Emory, was a Robert W. Woodruff Fellow there and was Notes and Comments Editor at the Emory Law Journal. She has a BA from Stanford. "ENGENDERING FAIRNESS IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ARRESTS" EMORY LAW JOURNAL ~~Vol. 60, 2011~~ Accessed 11/4/16 http://law.emory.edu/elj/_documents/volumes/60/4/comments/jain.pdf ~| AM
	52	+The facts of the Castle Rock case are egregious but sadly common. Nationally,
	53	+AND
	54	+violence and their children. The next section discusses these barriers to accountability.
	55	+
	56	+
	57	+====Police enforcement is key to solve domestic violence – failure condones and emboldens abusers. Jain 11====
	58	+Niji Jain. 2011. Jain is an associate in the firm's litigation department. Prior to joining the firm, Ms. Jain served as a law clerk to the Honorable Orinda D. Evans in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Ms. Jain has been active in litigation at all stages, including pre-litigation counseling, discovery, motions practice, mediation, and trial. She has a JD with honors from Emory, was a Robert W. Woodruff Fellow there and was Notes and Comments Editor at the Emory Law Journal. She has a BA from Stanford. "ENGENDERING FAIRNESS IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ARRESTS" EMORY LAW JOURNAL ~~Vol. 60, 2011~~ Accessed 11/4/16 http://law.emory.edu/elj/_documents/volumes/60/4/comments/jain.pdf ~| AM **I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
	59	+There are several compelling reasons for encouraging police enforcement of protective orders. First,
	60	+AND
	61	+will continue to disregard the safety of gender-based violence victims.77
	62	+
	63	+
	64	+====Intimate partner violence spills over to affect the security of all women in society. Seith 97====
	65	+Escaping Domestic Violence: Asylum as a Means of Protection for Battered Women (Fall, 1997) Patricia A. Seith - Columbia Law Review, Vol. 97, No. 6
	66	+Violence is used against women as a form of social control and is effective because
	67	+AND
	68	+the manifestation of the power that men use to maintain control over women.
	69	+
	70	+
	71	+====Structural violence is the largest proximate cause of war- creates priming that psychologically structures escalation====
	72	+**Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois '4**
	73	+(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn)
	74	+(Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in
	75	+AND
	76	+including the house gun and gated communities; and reversed feelings of victimization).
	77	+
	78	+
	79	+===Part 3 is the Plan===
	80	+
	81	+
	82	+====Plan Text: The USFG should amend qualified immunity with a standard which exempts police officers from protection when they create danger to domestic violence victims through actions or an act of omission. Shtelmakher 10 explains:====
	83	+Milena Shtelmakher. 6/1/10 Shtelmakher focuses on complex civil litigation in the state and federal courts in New York, including cases of catastrophic property damage and fire loss, construction defect, and professional liability. Mila has significant experience handling all aspects of civil litigation, including case development, suit evaluation, motion support, and trial preparation. Prior to joining SGL, Mila was an Associate at a New York City firm where she represented individual health care providers and hospitals in all types of high-exposure healthcare and professional liability claims. Prior to law school, she worked in the Investor Protection Bureau of the New York State Attorney General's Office, where she assisted with prosecutions of fraud in the insurance, mutual fund, and mortgage industries. Mila earned her Juris Doctorate from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles where she was an editor of the Loyola Law Review. She also interned with the Honorable Charles E. Ramos of the New York Supreme Court, Commercial Division and the Honorable Dean D. Pregerson of the United States District Court, Central District of California. Additionally, she volunteered at a domestic violence clinic helping victims obtain restraining orders in court. "POLICE MISCONDUCT AND LIABILITY: APPLYING THE STATE-CREATED DANGER DOCTRINE TO HOLD POLICE OFFICERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR RESPONDING INADEQUATELY TO DOMESTIC-VIOLENCE SITUATIONS" Loyola Law Review Rev. 1533 Accessed 11/1/16 http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2701andcontext=llr ~| AM **I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
	84	+In cases arising from domestic-violence complaints, federal courts apply the state-
	85	+AND
	86	+subjects them to liability whether they take action or fail to do so.
	87	+
	88	+
	89	+===Part 4 is Solvency===
	90	+
	91	+
	92	+====Qualified immunity is a key obstacle in fighting domestic violence. Shtelmakher 10====
	93	+Milena Shtelmakher. 6/1/10 Shtelmakher focuses on complex civil litigation in the state and federal courts in New York, including cases of catastrophic property damage and fire loss, construction defect, and professional liability. Mila has significant experience handling all aspects of civil litigation, including case development, suit evaluation, motion support, and trial preparation. Prior to joining SGL, Mila was an Associate at a New York City firm where she represented individual health care providers and hospitals in all types of high-exposure healthcare and professional liability claims. Prior to law school, she worked in the Investor Protection Bureau of the New York State Attorney General's Office, where she assisted with prosecutions of fraud in the insurance, mutual fund, and mortgage industries. Mila earned her Juris Doctorate from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles where she was an editor of the Loyola Law Review. She also interned with the Honorable Charles E. Ramos of the New York Supreme Court, Commercial Division and the Honorable Dean D. Pregerson of the United States District Court, Central District of California. Additionally, she volunteered at a domestic violence clinic helping victims obtain restraining orders in court. "POLICE MISCONDUCT AND LIABILITY: APPLYING THE STATE-CREATED DANGER DOCTRINE TO HOLD POLICE OFFICERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR RESPONDING INADEQUATELY TO DOMESTIC-VIOLENCE SITUATIONS" Loyola Law Review Rev. 1533 Accessed 11/1/16 http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2701andcontext=llr ~| AM **I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
	94	+Part of the battle against domestic violence is to make adequate, and thus appropriate
	95	+AND
	96	+of the danger of domestic violence by making them accountable for their conduct.
	97	+
	98	+
	99	+====The best way to solve domestic violence is to limit qualified immunity for police officers for domestic violence. Dean '98====
	100	+Michael Dean. April 8, 1998 Dean has been an attorney, counselor and businessman in Southeast Oakland County since 1981. Attorney Michael Dean graduated from Albion College, cum laude, with a degree in Economics and Professional Management. Michael Dean worked in the family business while attending the University of Detroit Law School. "THE FAILURE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT TO ENFORCE THE LAW" Michael Dean Accessed 11/4/16 "http://mdean.tripod.com/immunity.html" ~| AM
	101	+For example, historically, there has been a general reluctance on the part of
	102	+AND
	103	+where the elements of negligence could be proven and the facts demanded it.
	104	+
	105	+
	106	+====QI is the biggest hurdle in domestic violence cases – inconsistent standards and lack of judicial oversight prove Harper '90====
	107	+Laura Harper September 9 1990 Powell is MFA's Associate General Counsel. Laura is responsible, along with other MFA counsel, for monitoring, analyzing and commenting on regulatory and legislative developments affecting the alternative investment industry. Prior to joining MFA, Laura was Of Counsel in the New York office of Kirkland and Ellis LLP, where she practiced in the firm's Corporate Group and focused on derivatives and corporate finance transactions. As part of her practice, Laura represented end-users in preparing and negotiating customized over-the-counter derivatives and other trading documentation for their asset management and risk management strategies. Laura also represented investment advisers, pension fund investors, issuers and other capital markets participants in a broad range of public and private securities offerings and investments and related regulatory compliance and disclosure matters. Laura received her Juris Doctor from Cornell Law School in 1991 and her Master of Business Administration degree from Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management in 1990. She received her Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Utah. "Battered Women Suing Police for Failure to Intervene: Viable Legal Avenues After Deshaney v. Winnibago County Department of Social Services" 75 Cornell L. Rev. 1392 (1990) Accessed 11/14/16 http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3473andcontext=clr ~| AM
	108	+Should a battered woman plaintiff proffer sufficient evidence of an equal protection or due process
	109	+AND
	110	+hurdle for battered women seeking redress for the deprivation of their constitutional rights.
	111	+
	112	+
	113	+===Part 5 is Framing===
	114	+
	115	+
	116	+====Their invocation of extinction risk is just a tool of the imperial elite to justify continued domination – reject high magnitude low risk arguments that only serve to perpetuate everyday violence.====
	117	+**Saunders 5** ~~Rebecca Comparative Lit @ Illinois St., "Risky Business: Edward Said as Literary Critic" Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle Eas p. 529-532~~
	118	+Risk-free ethics, like all protection from risk, are a class privilege
	119	+AND
	120	+which judging is everywhere beset. . . . to admit that 'obligation'
	121	+
	122	+
	123	+====Prediction is impossible – linear analysis causes policy failure====
	124	+Sa, 04 – Deug Whan, Dong-U College, South Korea, ("CHAOS, UNCERTA I N T Y, AND POLICY CHOICE: UTILIZING THE ADAPTIVE MODEL," International Review of Public Administration, vol. 8, no. 2, 2004, scholar)RK
	125	+In many cases, a small choice might lead to overwhelming results that generate either
	126	+AND
	127	+states, the same environments, and governed by the same causal relationships.
	128	+
	129	+
	130	+====Their fixation on national interests and apocalyptic scenarios justifies endless violence, totalitarianism, and nuclear war – reject their improbable securitizing scenarios====
	131	+**Ahmed 12** Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace and Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis
	132	+While recommendations to shift our frame of orientation away from conventional state-centrism toward
	133	+AND
	134	+, effective, and joined-up policy-making on these issues.
	135	+
	136	+
	137	+====Reject patriarchy as a starting point for broader social reform — ignoring this impact is heteronormative and wrong.====
	138	+**Ferber 04** — Abby Ferber, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Matrix Center for the Advancement of Social Equity and Inclusion at the University of Pittsburgh, co-organizer of the national White Privilege Conference, Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Oregon, M.A. in Sociology from the University of Oregon, ("Racial Warriors and Weekend Warriors," Feminism and Masculinities, Published by Oxford University Press, ISBN: 0–19–926724–3, pgs. 235-236)
	139	+Kipnis (1995) argues that 'male-bashing is de rigueur in today's
	140	+AND
	141	+, and white men in particular, today's truly oppressed. ~~. . .~~
	142	+
	143	+
	144	+====Women security against gender violence is the internal link to global stability—solves a litany of global impacts. Hudson '12====
	145	+Hudson 12 (Valerie M, What Sexs Mean for World Peace, Valerie M. Hudson is professor and George H.W. Bush chair in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM , .http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/24/what_sex_means_for_world_peace?page=full)
	146	+Well, here is some robust empirical evidence that we cannot ignore: Using the
	147	+AND
	148	+— and in turn its rise to world power — in this century.
	149	+
	150	+
	151	+====International stability solves nuclear escalation—interstate aggression with the nuclear option means there is always a risk—only way to avoid extinction. Morgan '09====
	152	+Morgan 09 (Dennis Ray Morgan * Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea, Elsevier, Futures 41 (2009) 683–693, "World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race")
	153	+Besides the accidental factor, another factor that could incite nuclear war is that of
	154	+AND
	155	+, military, industrial or civilian targets and preemptively attacks that nation.''
	156	+
	157	+
	158	+====Structural violence transcends ethics- it biases our thought processes to exclude others and consider violence acceptable. Winter and Leighton 99====
	159	+Deborah DuNann Winter (Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology) and Dana C. Leighton (PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice) "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century."
	160	+Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
	161	+AND
	162	+structural violence, can also be used to empower citizens to reduce it.

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