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+Subpoint A is the interpretation |
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+First, Resolved implies a policy |
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+Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm |
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+Resolution A legislative instrument that generally is used for making declarations, stating policies, and making decisions where some other form is not required. A bill includes the constitutionally required enacting clause; a resolution uses the term "resolved". Not subject to a time limit for introduction nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) |
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+Second, Prohibit is to legally prohibit |
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+(http://www.dictionary.com/browse/prohibit, EmmieeM) |
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+to forbid (an action, activity, etc.) by authority or law: |
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+Our interpretation is that the resolution should define the division of affirmative and negative ground. It was negotiated and announced in advance, providing both sides with a reasonable opportunity to prepare to engage one another’s arguments. |
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+Subpoint B is the violation ~-~- The affirmative violates this interpretation because they do not implement a legal prohibition of nuclear power. |
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+ |
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+Subpoint C are reasons to prefer |
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+1st – procedural fairness – the affirmative’s interpretation let’s them talk about anything. It’s 100 unpredictable – the affirmative can change from round to round, making it entirely unpredictable. Fairness is also the strongest internal link to education because if debate is not fair, then balance is not possible. It is not possible to research the topic if I do not know what the topic is. |
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+2 - Heuristics. While fiat might not be “real”, accepting our discussion of the state as “a heuristic” and not as “a descriptor”, creates a contingent toolkit that best recognizes the complexity of politics |
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+Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304, obtained via school library being awesome.) |
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+While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory, |
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+AND |
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+where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations. 13 |
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+3 - Deliberation Skills – Substantive regulations that demarcate limits are necessary for dialogue – refusal to tailor their identity claims to normative, public stances shuts down the possibility for discussion and democratic respect |
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+John Dryzek 6, Professor of Social and Political Theory, The Australian National University, Reconciling Pluralism and Consensus as Political Ideals, American Journal of Political Science,Vol. 50, No. 3, July 2006, Pp. 634–649 |
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+A more radical contemporary pluralism is suspicious of liberal and communitarian devices for reconciling difference |
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+AND |
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+need principles to regulate the substance of what rightfully belongs in democratic debate. |
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+The impact is massive – global problem-solving depends on a deliberative, pluralistic approach to democracy – solves all impacts |
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+Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p. 311 |
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+The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and |
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+AND |
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+with the existential challenges to democracy in an increasingly complex world. |
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+4 - Constructive Constraints. Absolute affirmative flexibility leaves the negative without meaningful ground to advance well-developed counter-arguments. Establishing boundaries is important because they spur imagination and innovation, improving the quality of debates. |
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+Thomas and Brown 11 — Douglas Thomas, Associate Professor in the Annenberg School for |
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+AND |
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+Published by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, ISBN 1456458884, p. 35) |
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+Learning Environments |
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+We believe, however, that learning should be viewed in terms of an environment |
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+AND |
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+in figuring out novel situations within the constraints of the situation or context. |
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+Environments with well-defined and carefully constructed boundaries are not usually thought of as standardized, nor are they tested and measured. Rather, they can be described as a set of pressures that nudge and guide change. They are substrates for evolution, and they move at varying rates of speed. |
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+Topical version of the AFF solves – “Japan ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power” would solve 100 of your impacts because it would prevent future meltdowns. Also, you can run Fukushima as a contention |
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+ |
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+Or, run it as a kritik on the negative |
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+Voting issue – if I win that either the affirmative’s interpretation is bad for fairness or bad for education, I win the debate. Topicality should be a voting issue because it is a pre-requisite to a fair debate. |