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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,57 @@ 1 +Class must be foregrounded – intersectionality precludes the fundamental nature of class relations as the primary power relation deterministic of all other sources of oppression – the combination waters down the alt and makes it entirely ineffectual. 2 +Gimenez 1 (Prof. Sociology at UC Boulder) Martha, “Marxism and Class; Gender and Race”, Race, Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online: http://www.colorado.edu/Sociology/gimenez/work/cgr.html 3 +There are many competing theories of race, gender, class, American society, 4 +AND 5 +ethnomethodology ignores power relations. Power relations underlie all processes of social interaction and this is why social facts are constraining upon people. But the pervasiveness of 6 +AND 7 +what happens in social interactions grounded in "intersectionality" is class power. 8 +Queering identity falls in line with neoliberal governmentality – the aff gets co-opted in favor of creating new markets for queers 9 +Ladelle McWhorter 12 – Professor of Philosophy, Women, Gender, Sexuality, and Environmental Studies, University of Richmond, “Queer Economies”, Foucault Studies, No. 14, pp. 61-78, September 2012 10 +Neoliberal Subjectivity My focus in this article, however, is not population management but 11 +AND 12 +into resisting neoliberalism? I believe so, and I believe we should. 13 +Narrativity as resistance distracts from collective politics by valorizing the individual overcoming of the individual 14 +Coughlin 95 15 +Anne, associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229 16 +The outsider narratives do not reflect on another feature of autobiographical discourse that is perhaps 17 +AND 18 + political, economic, social and psychological structures that attend such success. 19 +n211 In this light, the outsider autobiographies unwittingly deflect attention from collective social 20 +AND 21 +, rather than subvert, autobiographical protagonists that serve the values of liberalism. 22 +Capitalism causes mass death, anti-blackness, and environmental destruction. 23 +Dean 15 (Jodi, Political Theorist @ Hobart William Colleges, “Red, Black, and Green” Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, 27:3, pp. 399-401) 24 +Two ideas voiced in the present discussion impress the urgency of the need for a left party oriented toward communism: racism (Buck 2015) and the Anthropocene (Healy 2015). 25 +Given anthropogenic climate change, the stakes of contemporary politics are almost unimaginably high. 26 +AND 27 +and soon. Forcing that change is the political challenge of our time. 28 +Given the persistence of racialized violence and the operation of the state as an instrument 29 +AND 30 +ideas need to be chosen, systematized into a program, and defended. 31 +Consciously reiterating the colors of the Black Liberation Flag, the red, black, 32 +AND 33 +dismantling of the carbon-based economy and the global redistribution of wealth. 34 +The three colors should not be read as three separate issues or groups. They 35 +AND 36 +the Left that have stood in the way of our forging collective counterpower. 37 +Here and now, movements are pushing the organizational convergence of communist, climate, 38 +AND 39 +relate to ourselves as comrades, as solidary members of a fighting collective. 40 +The alternative is to stop and think Communism – breaking free from the political closure of the status quo requires refusing the call to radical action in favor of developing a new, comprehensive understanding of the institutional constraints of the status quo. 41 +Swyngedouw and Wilson 14 (Erik, Professor of Geography @ Manchester U., and Japhy, Lecturer in International Political Economy and Hallsworth Research Fellow @ Manchester U., “There Is No Alternative,” The Post-Political and Its Discontents: Spaces of Depoliticisation, Spectres of Radical Politics, pp. 308-310) 42 +The idea of communism may appear as little more than a mirage on the political 43 +AND 44 +one that haunted Europe in 1848: the real possibility of communism now. 45 +But the communism that haunts the contemporary Left is not a real possibility. It 46 +AND 47 +-lived Bakhtinian carnivals whose geographical staging is carefully choreographed by the state. The relationship between our critical theories and the political as egalitarian-emancipatory process has AND 48 +, aims to take control again of life and its conditions of possibility. 49 +Communism as a hypothesis and political practice is much older than the twentieth century and 50 +AND 51 +1966, which was brutally smashed by the forces of the Chinese state. 52 +The key task, therefore, is to stop and think, to think communism 53 +AND 54 +a truth that can only be established through a new emancipatory political sequence. 55 +The communist hypothesis forces itself onto the terrain of the political through the process of 56 +AND 57 +keep saying there is no alternative, when there really is no alternative? - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,47 @@ 1 +A is the interpretation - the affirmative may not claim offense from anything other than colleges and universities mandating that there ought not be any limits on constitutionally protected speech – this must be a fiated, concrete policy. 2 +First, “public university” implies one that is state owned 3 +Wikipedia (“Public University”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_university, EmmieeM) 4 +A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. 5 +Second, Resolved implies a policy 6 +Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm 7 +Resolution A legislative instrument that generally is used for making declarations, stating policies, and making decisions where some other form is not required. A bill includes the constitutionally required enacting clause; a resolution uses the term "resolved". Not subject to a time limit for introduction nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) 8 +My interpretation is that the resolution should define the division of affirmative and negative ground. It was negotiated and announced in advance, providing both sides with a reasonable opportunity to prepare to engage one another’s arguments. 9 +This does not require the use of any particular style, type of evidence, or assumption about the role of the judge — only that the topic should determine the debate’s subject matter. 10 +B is the violation: The affirmative violates this interpretation because they call for queer rage as an advocacy 11 +TVA solves: You could – ENTER 12 +Queer rejection of the state absent a commitment to actual political change results in nothing 13 +Kerl 10 (Eric, Contemporary anarchism, http://isreview.org/issue/72/contemporary-anarchism) 14 +By the end of the decade, anarchism had established itself as a provocative, 15 +AND 16 +of the means prefiguring the ends, the means have become the ends. 17 +State is accessible for LGBTQ – recent ruling and trajectory prove 18 +Edgar 8 ENGAGING WITH THE STATE: CITIZENSHIP, INJUSTICE, AND THE PROBLEM WITH QUEER Edgar, Gemma. is a research fellow at The Australia Institute Gay and Lesbian Issues and Psychology Review4.3 (2008): 176-187. http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview//21403791/7D43C20E17E146FCPQ/1?accountid=14667 19 +One response to the worry that LGBTI individuals and other minorities will be subsumed by 20 +AND 21 +fully belong, that has allowed it to do the work it does. 22 +Simulated legal debates that emphasize switch-side argumentation are crucial for social transformation~-~--teaching legal precision is net-better for eliminating oppression. Infusing the law with egalitarian concepts can overcome larger social biases, even if one-shot legal solutions don’t work the first time. Their pessimism towards the law is a knee-jerk reaction that constrains transformative possibilities so err on the side of optimism. 23 +Karl Klare, George J. and Kathleen Waters Matthews Distinguished University Professor, Northeastern University School of Law, “Teaching Local 1330—Reflections on Critical Legal Pedagogy,” (‘11). School of Law Faculty Publications. Paper 167. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20002528 24 + 25 +By now it has begun to dawn that one of the subjects of this class 26 +AND 27 +case is to go back and do more work in the legal medium. 28 +C is reasons to prefer 29 +1 – Stasis - Stasis is the internal link to solving the aff – Debate has the ability to change people’s attitudes because it forces pre-round internal deliberation on a focused topic of debate 30 +Goodin and Niemeyer 3 – Australian National University (Robert and Simon, “When Does Deliberation Begin? Internal Reflection versus Public Discussion in Deliberative Democracy” Political Studies, Vol 50, p 627-649, WileyInterscience) 31 +What happened in this particular case, as in any particular case, was in 32 +AND 33 +stored memory rather than just consulting our running on-line ‘summary judgments 34 + 35 +’. Crucially for our present discussion, once again, what prompts that shift 36 +AND 37 +least one possible way of doing that for each of those key features. 38 +2 – Fallibility – Even if the 1AC is factually correct, failure to subject their claims to testing by a well-prepared opponent produces groupthink that prevents effective advocacy – treat their claims as false until properly tested 39 +Poscher 16—director at the Institute for Staatswissenschaft and Philosophy of Law at the University of Freiburg (Ralf, “Why We Argue About the Law: An Agonistic Account of Legal Disagreement”, Metaphilosophy of Law, Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki/Adam Dyrda/Pawel Banas (eds.), Hart Publishing, forthcoming) 40 +Hegel’s dialectical thinking powerfully exploits the idea of negation. It is a central feature 41 +AND 42 +unlikely to share some of our more fundamental convictions or who opposes the view 43 + 44 +towards which we lean. This might even be the most helpful way of corroborating 45 +AND 46 +concept of justice to art such as to engage in an intelligible controversy. 47 +3 – Fairness – ENTER - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,24 @@ 1 +The plan causes national security leaks – The protected categories overlap with classified information critical to US military power 2 +Schoenfeld 7 (Gabriel, 2/1, sr fellow @ The Hudson Inst., “Why Journalists Are Not Above the Law”, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/why-journalists-are-not-above-the-law/) 3 +Considerations like these have, in fact, informed recent congressional debates over whether to 4 +AND 5 +other words, would effectively immunize one large category of leakers at a stroke 6 + 7 +, and perhaps immunize almost all leakers, dramatically intensifying the flow of even the 8 +AND 9 +federal circuit courts would not be cleared up; it would be deepened. 10 +Especially true of college newspapers – They could start publishing Wikileaks materials to keep it from disappearing 11 +Feldman 16 (Noah, professor of constitutional and international law at Harvard University and was a clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Souter, “A College Newspaper Takes the Right Stand”, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-12-05/kentucky-kernel-takes-the-right-stand-against-university) 12 +Yet once a newspaper is in possession of a document, First Amendment concerns enter 13 +AND 14 +like the Kernel has as much First Amendment protection as a national publication. 15 +Leaks undermine US intelligence collection 16 +Pillar 13 (Paul, 12/26, Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Center for Security Studies at Georgetown University and Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Leaks and an Irresponsible Press”, http://stage.nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/leaks-irresponsible-press-9633) 17 +Biased coverage is only part of the problem in how the press has behaved in 18 +AND 19 +. diplomatic cables and the multitude of press stories made out of them. 20 +Specifically, intelligence deters WMD attacks 21 +Cillufo and Kupperman 97 (Frank, Associate Vice President at The George Washington University, and Robert, PhD NYU, terrorism expert, “Between War and Peace: Deterrence and Leverage”, https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/HSPI_Journal_1.pdf) 22 +Traditional U.S. preventative and response options are inadequate to meet the challenges 23 +AND 24 +flexibility in terms of rapid response and the ability to conduct clandestine operations. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,23 @@ 1 +CP: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected journalist speech but restrict reporting of student survivors and perpetrators of student criminal activity. 2 +In the squo police blotters, crime reports put in student newspapers, are constitutionally protected Gersh ‘91 3 +Judge Rules in Favor of Students in Campus Crime Reports Case By Gersh, Debra Judge Rules in Favor of Students in Campus Crime Reports Case By Gersh, Debra | Editor and Publisher, November 30, 1991 4 +The Department of Education cannot prevent colleges and universities from releasing detailed information about campus 5 +AND 6 +they maintain, searching the local law-enforcement records is cumbersome and ineffective 7 + 8 +This harms the students—creates a permanent online record of minor college crimes that are often expunged by the legal system. That harms post college job prospects and shaming on campus. Reimold ‘13 9 +Dan Reimold, 10-22-2013, "Should college newspapers publish the names of student criminal suspects?," USA TODAY College, http://college.usatoday.com/2013/10/22/should-college-newspapers-publish-the-names-of-student-criminal-suspects/ 10 +As she contends, “Miami University is a place where students come to start 11 +AND 12 +take responsibility for your actions — breaking the law is breaking the law.” 13 +Police blotters for college students are counterproductive; the safety and security of students is lost as their home becomes hostile towards them. Anonymity is lost and a regular education is impossible. Madison ‘16 14 +Madison Nick, xx-xx-xxxx, "Public knowledge or public humiliation?," Tab Pitt, http://thetab.com/us/pitt/2016/03/21/public-knowledge-public-humiliation-236 15 +Having your mistakes featured in a news article while you’re paying thousands in tuition to 16 +AND 17 +student’s futures and staying loyal to the people that call your university home? 18 + 19 +This is particularly bad in regards to sexual violence—survivors are outed in reports. Schworm ‘12 20 +By Peter Schworm GLOBE STAFF APRIL 28, 2012. Naming of rape victim leads to dispute at Bridgewater State. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/04/27/student-newspaper-coverage-rally-against-sexual-assault-sets-off-controversy-bridgewater-state/DGe2IhVdQ16LYEKTrlguoK/story.html 21 +A college newspaper that printed the name of a rape victim who spoke at a 22 +AND 23 +“I think it would set a dangerous precedent,’’ she said. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,36 @@ 1 +First, recognizing that the epistemology of capitalism manipulates our understanding of policy is a pre-condition to evaluating the resolution. Marsh 95, 2 +Marsh 95- Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, PhD from Northwestern University (James, Critique Action and Liberation, p 331-2) 3 +Is it reasonable, therefore, even to talk about the possibility of a socialism 4 +AND 5 +move on. Recent events in eastern Europe only confirm such a judgment. 6 + 7 +Second, Links Their conception of free expression promotes market ideals that undermine genuine free exchange of ideas—that both turns the aff and is the backbone of capitalism. Dawes ‘15 8 +Dawes 15 (Simon, Sociology @ Universite Paul Valery, Montpelier, France, “Charlie Hebdo, Free Speech and Counter-Speech”, http://www.socresonline.org.uk/20/3/3.html) 9 +In both French and Anglo-Saxon contexts, however, the concepts of 'freedom 10 +AND 11 +, above and beyond those of an individual, in a multicultural society. 12 +Free speech is impossible in a capitalist environment—the right to free speech hinders on social relations and economic status; all means of expression assume socioeconomic means that the aff glosses over. 13 +Morley 15 (Our Cherished Freedom of Speech Myth Written by Daniel MorleyFriday, 20 February 2015 http://www.marxist.com/our-cherished-freedom-of-speech-myth.htm) 14 +As Lenin succinctly summed up, 15 +AND 16 + fight for real freedom of expression! 17 +The affirmative’s call to a ‘marketplace of ideas’ where progress is made is a ruse—Privileged perspectives always win out. That is terminal defense on their solvency claims—counterspeech can solve nothing unless we strip the system apart. 18 +Beijer ’16 (Carl Beijer Friday, May 6, 2016 Three critiques of liberal discourse http://www.carlbeijer.com/2016/05/three-critiques-of-liberal-discourse.html) 19 +The discourse is controlled by capital. Barack Obama, in The Audacity of Hope 20 +AND 21 +and turn off the megaphones. Everything else is shouting into a fugue. 22 +Capitalism causes extinction from resource over-use, only alternative can solve. 23 +Ahmed 14 - Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, and taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex (2014, Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, The Guardian, “Scientists vindicate 'Limits to Growth' – urge investment in 'circular economy'”, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2014/jun/04/scientists-limits-to-growth-vindicated-investment-transition-circular-economy // SM) 24 +According to a new peer-reviewed scientific report, industrial civilisation is likely to 25 +AND 26 +production, and with all that, very different types of social structures. 27 + 28 + 29 + In the absence of a major technological breakthrough in clean energy production such as 30 +AND 31 +fossil fuels has declined so much that we have nothing left to invest." 32 +Fourth, the alternative is the rise of an environmental working class that breaks down hegemonic structures and capitalism. Foster ‘13 33 +Foster 13 – John Bellamy Foster, Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Editor of the Monthly Review, holds a Ph.D. from York University, 2013 (“The Epochal Crisis,” Monthly Review, Volume 65, Issue 05 (October), Accessed on 7/18/2014 from http://monthlyreview.org/2013/10/01/epochal-crisis) 34 +It is an indication of the sheer enormity of the historical challenge confronting humanity in 35 +AND 36 +humanity thus rests as never before on the revolutionary struggle of humanity itself. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,12 @@ 1 +Since ought implies moral obligation, I value morality, which presupposes inclusion since it assumes equal worth and B) since only inclusion can promote compliance. Morality has to guide action; if ethics aren’t grounded in action, then they lose their prescriptive value, destroying morality. 2 +Structural violence is based in moral exclusion; it allows one group to become invisible. 3 +Winter and Leighton 99 Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter is a professor of psychology at Whitman College. Leighton is an assistant professor of psychology at Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century.” Page 4-5 4 +She argues that our normal perceptual cognitive processes divide people into in-groups and 5 +AND 6 +local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace. 7 +Thus, the standard is decreasing structural violence. 8 +Prefer since this is a constraint on all theories; if a theory excludes others, then their starting point is flawed. Their analysis of the world will be inaccurate, and if the first premise is flawed, then the conclusion can’t be true. 9 +GUENTHER 12 Lisa Guenther, The Living Death of Solitary Confinement, The Opinion Pages, The Stone, NYT, Aug 26, 2012 10 +Deprived of everyday encounters with other people, and cut off from an open- 11 +AND 12 +and to lend their own unique perspective to creating meaning in the world. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,21 @@ 1 +CP Text: Public colleges and universities ought to ban handguns on campus and not restrict any other constitutionally protected speech – Kautzer is the solvency advocate 2 +Campus Carry qualifies explicitly under the courts definition of constitutionally protected speech because it conveys a clear message 3 +Blanchfield 14’ 4 +“What do Guns Say?” - The New York Times May 4 2014 - Patrick Blanchfield is a freelance writer with at a PhD in Comparative Literature from Emory University, and has completed four years of coursework in psychoanalytic theory and clinical practice at the Emory Psychoanalytic Institute. He does critical writing on US culture, gun violence and politics //AC 5 + 6 +Earlier this month, in Bunkerville, Nev., representatives of the Bureau of Land 7 +AND 8 +one such event told reporters. “But that’s not going to happen.” 9 + 10 +Campus carry is associated with increasing rates of assault, aggressiveness, a chilling effect, and permit background checks don’t check 11 +PHW 14 (Public Health Watch 14, https://publichealthwatch.wordpress.com/2014/03/10/point-blank-guns-dont-belong-on-college-campuses-heres-why/, EmmieeM) 12 +In the wake of tragic shootings at Virginia Tech and Northern Illinois University, a 13 +AND 14 +to the detriment of the students, universities and ultimately, the nation. 15 +Guns on campus kill free exchange of ideas~-~-its antithetical to academic dialogue when you’re in fear of someone pulling out a gun over a difference of opinion. 16 +PHW 14’ 17 + "Point Blank: Guns Don’t Belong On College Campuses – Here’s Why,” by publichealthwatch, blogger and pHD candidate, March 10, 2014. https://publichealthwatch.wordpress.com/2014/03/10/point-blank-guns-dont-belong-on-college-campuses-heres-why/ //AC 18 + 19 +In order to foster a healthy learning environment at America’s colleges 20 +AND 21 +you think regular citizens should be allowed to bring their guns onto college campuses?” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,17 @@ 1 +State cuts have led tuition to spike harming the ability to students to enter college, especially those who come from low income backgrounds or are people of color – The impact is a blow to the national economy because a college degree is a crucial internal link to working in a skilled job, decreasing health care costs, and bringing greater wealth to local communities 2 +Mitchell et al 16 (Report published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; authors were Michael Mitchell (State Budget and Tax), Michael Leachman (State Budget and Tax), and Kathleen Masterson, “Funding Down, Tuition Up: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Quality and Affordability at Public Colleges”, http://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/funding-down-tuition-up, EmmieeM) 3 +Years of cuts in state funding for public colleges and universities have driven up tuition 4 +AND 5 +the start of the recession will make it more difficult to achieve those goals 6 + 7 +There’s a contradiction within government policy ~-~-- restricting free speech may be unconstitutional, but not doing so causes public colleges to lose federal funding under Title IX 8 +Bernstein 3 (David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, “You Can’t Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws”, “Censoring Campus Speech”, https://books.google.com/books?id=zU2QAAAAQBAJandpg=PA60andlpg=PA60anddq=public+colleges+could+lose+funding+if+they+allow+for+racistsandsource=blandots=W67N5E3bznandsig=xXeBW8YaTy_Ilb34MIbu-grciy4andhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiBoqTkn_nQAhVBjFQKHcc7CIkQ6AEITDAI#v=onepageandq=public20colleges20could20lose20funding20if20they20allow20for20racistsandf=false, pg. 60-61, EmmieeM) 9 +Given these constitutional barriers, public university speech codes were on the way out until the federal Department of Education revived them in 1994. Male students at Santa Rosa Community College had posted anatomically explicit and sexually derogatory remarks about two female students in a discussion group hosted by the college’s computer network. Several aggrieved students filed a complaint against the college with the DOE’s Office for Civil Rights. The DOE found that the messages probably created a hostile educational environment on the basis of sex for one of the students. University toleration of such offensive speech, the government added, would violate Title IX, the law banning discrimination against women by education institutions that receive federal funding. Under this standard, to avoid losing federal funds, universities must proactively ban offensive speech by students and diligently punish any violations of that ban. The DOE failed to explain how its rule was consistent with the First Amendment. Speech codes enacted by public universities clearly violate the First Amendment even if the codes are enacted in response to the demands of the DOE, so requiring public universities to enact speech codes or forfeit public funds would obviously be unconstitutional. Nevertheless, facing this choice, public university officials have ignored the First Amendment issue and complied with DOE guidelines. Although a few schools may truly be concerned about the potential loss of federal funding, the prevailing attitude among university officials seems to be that the DOE’s Santa Rosa decision provides a ready excuse to indulge their preference for speech codes. University officials implicitly reason that if the DOE can get away with ignoring the First Amendment, then so can they. Unfortunately, they may be right. 10 + 11 +Federal funding is used to maintain financial aid resources and colleges are only growing more dependent on it as state funding goes down 12 +Pew 15 (The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, “Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape”, http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education, EmmieeM) 13 +States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but changes in recent years have resulted in their contributions being more equal than at any time in at least the previous two decades. Historically, states have provided a far greater amount of assistance to postsecondary institutions and students; 65 percent more than the federal government on average from 1987 to 2012. But this difference narrowed dramatically in recent years, particularly since the Great Recession, as state spending declined and federal investments grew sharply, largely driven by increases in the Pell Grant program, a need-based financial aid program that is the biggest component of federal higher education spending. Although their funding streams for higher education are now comparable in size and have some overlapping policy goals, such as increasing access for students and supporting research, federal and state governments channel resources into the system in different ways. The federal government mainly provides financial assistance to individual students and specific research projects, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions. 14 + 15 +College credentials are crucial to social mobility and national economic growth – affects everything from health insurance to better marriages to lower unemployment rates 16 +White House 14 (Report by the Executive Office of the President, “Increasing College Opportunity for Low-Income Students: Promising Models and a Call to Action”, pgs. 10 – 11, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/white_house_report_on_increasing_college_opportunity_for_low-income_students_1-16-2014_final.pdf, EmmieeM) 17 +The benefits of postsecondary education are well documented and have major implications for economic growth, equality, and social mobility. Getting a postsecondary credential leads to greater lifetime earnings, lower unemployment, and lower poverty. Over the course of one’s working lifetime, the median earnings of bachelor’s degree recipients are 65 percent higher than median earnings of high-school graduates. 30 College graduates are also more likely to find a job; the unemployment rate for bachelor’s degree recipients is half the unemployment rate of high school graduates – and this gap grew during the Great Recession, which hit lowwage, low-education workers especially hard.31 Gaining a postsecondary education has positive effects beyond higher earnings. Individuals with higher education levels are more likely have retirement benefits and health insurance through their employer.32 Education also leads to better decision making about health, marriage, and parenting; improves patience; and makes people more goal-oriented.33 College access and attainment also leads to positive externalities and benefits to taxpayers by reducing crime and the need for social services, and increasing taxes paid and civic engagement.34 Importantly, the returns to higher education have increased over time as the demand for college-educated workers has outpaced the number of students getting a college education.35 Over the past four decades, the median earnings gap for full-time workers aged 25-34 with and without a college degree increased substantially for women and more than doubled for men; from 1971 to 2011 the earnings premium for men increased from 25 percent to 69 percent.36 Likewise, the earnings gap between those with and without a college degree increases as workers age.37 In response to the growing earnings gap between those with and without postsecondary education, a report from the Pew Economic Mobility Project remarked that, “unless something is done to boost the number of young people earning postsecondary credentials, millions of Americans will continue to be limited in their economic mobility.”38 Without a college degree, children born in the lowest fifth of the income distribution children have a 45 percent chance of staying in the bottom, and just a 5 percent chance of moving to the top Figure 1. Yet when these same children go on to earn a college degree, their chances of making it to the top nearly quadruple, and their chances of moving out of the bottom increase by 50 percent.39 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-18 18:53:58.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Erik Legried - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake SC - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +35 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - DA - Title IX Short - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,43 @@ 1 +The USFG is reliant on government-funded university research for national defense developments, but 9/11 and the Anthrax attacks proves those are vulnerable to terrorist cooption, absent censorship which violates the First Amendment. 2 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 113 – 115, EmmieeM) 3 +Breakthrough science can lead both to great good and to great evil. The September 4 +AND 5 +is it clear when particular information “pertains” to a research contract. 6 +This speech is constitutionally protected, especially in a college setting – the AFF would allow for information exchange about “sensitive but unclassified” research 7 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 155 – 156, EmmieeM) 8 +The university plays a special role in preserving and promoting speech free of government influence 9 +AND 10 +The special role of the university thus must weigh in the constitutional balance. 11 +Restrictions on this speech are crucial to prevent bioterror from modified viruses 12 +Knezo 6 (Genevieve J. Knezo – Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division + this is a CRS Report for Congress, pgs. 36 – 53, “Controls on Unclassified Biological Research Information”, “’Sensitive But Unclassified’ Information and Other Controls: Policy and Options for Scientific and Technical Information”, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/RL33303.pdf, EmmieeM) 13 +Traditionally, open communication of biological information fosters the conduct of research and development. 14 +AND 15 +involve foreign nationals in any research project without obtaining a government license.227 16 +Biowarfare leads to extinction and is the biggest existential threat facing humanity – technological increase checks empirics and generic defense 17 +Smart 4 (John Smart – President of the Institute for the Study of Accelerating Change. 2004 18 +Genetically modified pathogen (GMP) Policy, August 03) 19 +It is possible that with the mobilization of massive logistical resources around the planet, 20 +AND 21 +of danger has been estimated to be anywhere from 30 to 50.” 22 +Absent secrecy, certain cooperative research efforts would be impossible 23 +Downs 4 (DA Downs – The Independent Institute, Oakland and The University of Wiscosin, Madison, “Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus”, pg. xvi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf , EmmieeM) 24 +Although this book stresses the threats to academic and intellectual freedom posed by speech codes 25 +AND 26 +such gag orders poses a challenge to the idea of an open university. 27 +Continued government funding and support is critical for continued university research programs, which is the lynchpin of innovation and competitiveness 28 +NSB no date (National Science Board, “Research and Development: Essential Foundation For U.S. Competitiveness in a Global Economy”, “Global Competition in Science and Technology: A Strong National Response Required”, https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0803/start.htm, EmmieeM) 29 +Innovation is a key to economic competitiveness and the technological breakthroughs that improve our lives 30 +AND 31 +is imperative that patterns and trends of RandD investments be monitored. 32 +Competitiveness is key to US dominance – we need to keep innovating faster to ensure economic prosperity and hegemony 33 +Segal 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations 34 +Adam, Foreign Affairs, “Is America Losing Its Edge?” November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html 35 +The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new 36 +AND 37 +, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home. 38 +Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in – that causes your heg bad impacts so it’s try or die for the AFF 39 +Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 (“The Economy and National Security,” National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011) 40 + 41 +Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to 42 +AND 43 +leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-19 19:43:26.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Nick Steele - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Brentwood LR - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +36 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - DA - SBU - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,3 @@ 1 +A is the Counterplan text: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech for professors, especially in regard to academic freedom. I do not advocate for the removal of any other restrictions on constitutionally protected speech in the status quo. 2 + 3 +Net Benefits were the hate speech DA, handgun DA, and Title IX which are all disclosed on the wiki. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-20 16:54:32.0 - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark BA - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +37 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - CP - Professors - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,43 @@ 1 +Recognizing that the epistemology of capitalism manipulates our understanding of policy is a pre-condition to evaluating the resolution through moral frameworks. 2 +Marsh 95 (Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, PhD from Northwestern University (James, Critique Action and Liberation, p 331-2) 3 +Is it reasonable, therefore, even to talk about the possibility of a socialism 4 +AND 5 +move on. Recent events in eastern Europe only confirm such a judgment. 6 +Class must be foregrounded – intersectionality placing race on an equal plane precludes the fundamental nature of class relations as the primary power relation deterministic of all other sources of oppression – the combination waters down the alt and makes it entirely ineffectual. 7 +Gimenez 1 (Prof. Sociology at UC Boulder) Martha, “Marxism and Class; Gender and Race”, Race, Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online: http://www.colorado.edu/Sociology/gimenez/work/cgr.html 8 +There are many competing theories of race, gender, class, American society, 9 +AND 10 +from gender and race and cannot be considered just another system of oppression. 11 + 12 + 13 + As Eagleton points out, whereas racism and sexism are unremittingly bad, class 14 +AND 15 +what happens in social interactions grounded in "intersectionality" is class power. 16 +Neoliberalism structures academic freedom in the status quo. It sets limits on what is acceptable behavior to quell dissent and any faculty truly radical enough to challenge corporate hegemony are tossed out before they can pose a real threat. 17 +Chatterjee and Maira 14 (Chatterjee, Piya, and Sunaina Maira. "The Imperial University: race, war, and the nation-state." The imperial university: Academic repression and scholarly dissent (2014): 1-50.) 18 +Our geopolitical positions—of our immediate workplaces as well as trans- national work 19 +AND 20 +of labor and survival within the U.S. university system.11 21 +Our critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the affs single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics neolib wants us to engage in so the root cause to go unquestioned. 22 +Farbod 15 (Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) 23 +Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises 24 +AND 25 +enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. 26 +The ballot represents a choice between competing visions of social change – The debate round represents competing strategies for social change: the question is not who does the alt or plan, but of a world without capitalism vs. the affirmative. Agency questions are irrelevant—we don’t have to win the alternative spills over, just that rejection in this round is comparatively better than the aff—any other evaluation makes no sense because the judge isn’t in a position to do the aff either. Critiquing assumptions is the best way to leverage change. 27 +Reinsborough, 03 (Organizer, Rainforest Action Network and Wake Up America Campaign) 03 (Journal of Aesthetics and Protest, August 2003, Volume 1, Issue 2, Patrick). 28 + 29 +Direct action— actions that either symbolically or directly shift power relations— is an 30 +AND 31 +find the rumors that start revolutions and ask the questions that topple empires. 32 +Only a focus that situates class at the center of both theoretical analysis and political struggle can resolve the root cause of anti-blackness. 33 +Lance Selfa 10. Editor of and contributor to International Socialist Review, quoting Eric Williams, D.Phil from Oxford, first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, “The roots of racism,” http://socialistworker.org/2010/10/21/the-roots-of-racism. 34 + 35 +Racism is a particular form of oppression. It stems from discrimination against a group 36 +AND 37 +Indians resisted being forced to work, and they escaped into the surrounding area 38 + 39 +, which, after all, they knew far better than the English. One 40 +AND 41 +abolish racism's chief source~-~-capitalism~-~-and build a new socialist society. 42 +K takes out AFF solvency – students are too scared to speak out because they fear they won’t get research funding or financial aid and professors won’t speak out because they’re scared of being passed up for tenure or a promotion, which means that (A) you can’t access any form of protest, especially for people of color because they face the most backlash for saying controversial things and their protest goes against white academia (B) the only mindset we adopt is the dominant, elite one, which prevents minority subjects from achieving recognition and continues their oppression. 43 +Alt resolves the AFF impacts – Capitalism makes resolving black oppression impossible, which means the K must be a pre-requisite. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-08 20:20:41.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Arjun Tambe - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark DA - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +38 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - K - Cap v Race - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,26 @@ 1 +The USFG is reliant on government-funded university research for national defense developments, but 9/11 and the Anthrax attacks proves those are vulnerable to terrorist cooption, absent censorship which violates the First Amendment. 2 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 113 – 115, EmmieeM) 3 +Breakthrough science can lead both to great good and to great evil. The September 4 +AND 5 +is it clear when particular information “pertains” to a research contract. 6 +This speech is constitutionally protected, especially in a college setting – the AFF would allow for information exchange about “sensitive but unclassified” research 7 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 155 – 156, EmmieeM) 8 +The university plays a special role in preserving and promoting speech free of government influence 9 +AND 10 +The special role of the university thus must weigh in the constitutional balance. 11 +Restrictions on this speech are crucial to prevent bioterror from modified viruses 12 +Knezo 6 (Genevieve J. Knezo – Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division + this is a CRS Report for Congress, pgs. 36 – 53, “Controls on Unclassified Biological Research Information”, “’Sensitive But Unclassified’ Information and Other Controls: Policy and Options for Scientific and Technical Information”, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/RL33303.pdf, EmmieeM) 13 +Traditionally, open communication of biological information fosters the conduct of research and development. 14 +AND 15 +new bioweapons, perhaps even selectively targeting certain racial or ethnic groups.”16 16 + 17 + 18 +0 To deal with concerns like these, some types of biological sciences information have 19 +AND 20 +involve foreign nationals in any research project without obtaining a government license.227 21 +Biowarfare leads to extinction and is the biggest existential threat facing humanity – technological increase checks empirics and generic defense 22 +Smart 4 (John Smart – President of the Institute for the Study of Accelerating Change. 2004 23 +Genetically modified pathogen (GMP) Policy, August 03) 24 +It is possible that with the mobilization of massive logistical resources around the planet, 25 +AND 26 +of danger has been estimated to be anywhere from 30 to 50.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-08 20:20:42.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Arjun Tambe - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark DA - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +38 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - DA - SBU Short - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,15 @@ 1 +CP Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected journalist speech except for tobacco advertising. 2 +American Lung Association 8 (“Big Tobacco on Campus: Ending the Addiction”, pg. 18, http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/tobacco/big-tobacco-on-campus.pdf, EmmieeM) 3 +Colleges and universities have a responsibility to provide safe spaces in which their students can learn and live. This should include an environment free of tobacco smoke and advertising that encourages young adults to use tobacco products. Based on the review of science, literature and trends related to smoking among college students, the American Lung Association recommends the following policies to all colleges and universities. All college and university campuses should completely prohibit tobacco use, including all indoor and outdoor facilities, private offices, residence halls and dormitories. Tobacco use in outdoor areas should be prohibited to reduce the social acceptability of tobacco use and encourage quitting. This should include building entrances, stadiums, other public spaces and buses, vans or other campus vehicles. Colleges and universities should prohibit the sale or advertising of tobacco products on campus or in college-controlled publications, properties, events, or environments, including free distribution of tobacco products. Colleges and universities should refuse to accept funding, including research and sponsorship funding, from the tobacco industry. 4 +Tobacco ads in college newspapers are a form of constitutionally protected speech – specifically, students cannot be constitutionally prevented from publishing these ads 5 +Friedman 9 (Corey Friedman – Indipendent Register, “Less Tar, Less Nicotine, Less Freedom”, http://indieregister.com/less-tar-less-nicotine-less-freedom/, EmmieeM) 6 +Sometimes, explained Sigmund Freud, a cigar is just a cigar. And sometimes, it’s the First Amendment. Craven Community College sneaked an unconstitutional prior restraint rule in its tobacco-free campus policy this spring, and administrators appear unwilling to revise the problematic provision. Included with the college’s ban on cigarettes, cigars and smokeless tobacco on campus property is a declaration that student publications may not publish ads for tobacco products and student groups can’t accept money or gifts from tobacco companies. While this arrangement may sound palatable to some antismoking advocates, it violates students’ First Amendment right to free speech and free association. Student newspapers are shielded from administrative censorship by an impressive and ever-growing body of constitutional case law. Colleges may not choose which advertisements their campus papers may accept. Federal courts have struck down a Michigan community college’s ban on ads for a nude dance club in its student paper and ruled that state officials in Pennsylvania couldn’t oust ads for alcoholic beverages. As a former CCC student and former college newspaper editor, I was appalled to learn that a public health initiative had been misused to prohibit protected speech. I wrote to Dr. Catherine Chew, the college president, and Kathy Beal, a vice president, on Aug. 26. “While Craven Community College may choose as an institution not to endorse tobacco use,” I wrote, “as an extension of the state of North Carolina, it cannot prevent student newspapers from accepting advertisements simply because it wishes to discourage adult citizens from using the products those ads promote.” In my message to Chew and Beal, I pointed out that no student publications at Craven currently accept advertising. The Communication Club publishes a monthly newsletter and meets its expenses without ad revenue. While no present publications are affected by the tobacco ad ban, its existence remains a threat to free speech. A group of students could choose next week, next semester or next year to start a newspaper or magazine, and they would be subject to this needless, meddlesome and unlawful restriction. Unfortunately, Craven has a reputation of recalcitrance when it comes to acknowledging student press rights. In October 2004, then-President Scott Rallsseized a shipment containing every copy of that month’s issue and refused to release the papers until student editors agreed to blot out the address of an arrested student with correction fluid. Months later, a controversial sex column led Ralls to propose a censorship panel that would review and approve content before the paper could be printed. First Amendment watchdogs and student press groups intervened, and the college quickly backpedaled, passing an agreement to respect the Campus Communicator‘s editorial independence in June 2005. Just four short years later, amnesiac administrators have forgotten the valuable lessons learned when they fought the law and, as the song goes, the law won. Beal defended the unconstitutional ad ban in a Sept. 16 response to my letter, arguing that the 1998 Big Tobacco settlement — which prevents tobacco companies from targeting minors in their ads — somehow allows the college to prohibit tobacco advertising in a newspaper written by and for adult college students. “The College’s current policy is carefully founded upon a historical basis for regulating tobacco products, the Master Settlement Agreement of which North Carolina is a settling state, the North Carolina Health and Wellness Trust Fund, and the regulatory grid to which tobacco products and smoking are currently subject,” Beal wrote. While tobacco companies are subject to the terms of the 1998 settlement — which include restrictions on advertising — newspapers, magazines and other media are not. Of course, pre-emptive bans on lawful ads constitute prior restraint of the press and are in clear conflict with the First Amendment. I explained this to Vice President Beal and suggested she seek guidance from the college’s legal counsel or request an advisory opinion from the state attorney general. I hope the policy will be revised and the unlawful portions stricken, but I fear Craven will again ignore its legal and moral obligation to preserve student rights. Repressive policies such as Craven’s tobacco ad ban are based in fear and mistrust. Many student newspapers allowed to operate freely choose to reject cigarette and smokeless tobacco advertisements. Why don’t you let future student editors make that decision, President Chew? After all, it is legally their choice to make — not yours 7 +And this is journalist speech – those working on newspapers have to choose to accept the offer 8 +Wolper 98 (Allan Wolper – Questia, “Tobacco Targets College Students”, https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-20495873/tobacco-targets-college-students, EmmieeM) 9 +Ending self-imposed ban on ads in college newspapers, U.S. Tobacco Co. ignites controversy with ad campaign in college press. The U.S. Tobacco Co. has ended the tobacco industry’s self-imposed blackout of college newspapers with a national campaign for Copenhagen and Rooster smokeless tobacco. The promotional effort has roiled student newsrooms, angered public officials, and ignited an e-mail war between pro- and anti-tobacco readers. The Copenhagen ad is receiving the most attention because it offers students a free can of tobacco without having to prove they are over 18 years old. Alan Kaiser, a spokesman for U.S. Tobacco, released this statement in a brief telephone interview: “We market our products to adults.” Kaiser apparently was referring to a small disclaimer at the bottom of the advertisement telling readers they have to be “18 years of age or older to participate.” Campus media experts were student at the campaign’s timing – just as the tobacco industry is lobbying Congress to limit its legal liability and pledging to unleash a “massive and sustained assault against underage smoking.” “The campaign makes sense in the South,” said Rob Donner, senior account executive for Marketplace Media, a firm that works with campus publications. “But I was surprised they were doing it in other places. Tobacco has such a stigma.” Anti-tobacco sentiment prompted some campus newspapers to reject the ads. Others accepted the ads and the money – then criticized the tobacco industry after publishing them. “I don’t understand why a campus newspaper would reject any ad,” said Lisa Bonk, of Cass Communications, the new york City advertising agency in charge or placement. “College editors should not have the freedom to preclude the campus from reading anything.” Bonk, citing client confidentiality, declined to identify which student newspapers published the ads and which ones returned them. Other knowledgeable campus sources, however, disclose that U.S. Tobacco had spent at least $5 million on the college ads, which eventually ran in 200 college newspapers. The $5 million figure would have been considerably higher if the money had been used to buy space in the commercial press. EandP has confirmed that U.S. Tobacco ads were published in newspapers at Eastern Michigan University, University of Florida, Florida State, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University, University of Michigan, University of North Carolina, University of Washington, University of Texas-Austin, Southwest Texas State University and Texas Tech University. Sources say that U.S. Tobacco actually started its marketing process in 1995, when it created a college newspaper focus group by placing ads in three Colorado papers and two small community college publications. Unlike their commercial colleagues whose publishers decide on ad acceptability, college editors often participate in decisions involving advertising content. In recent years, students newspapers debated for months whether to run so-called issue ads denying the holocaust or involving abortion. The Tobacco Institute, the tobacco industry’s Washington, D.C., based political arm, insisted it was unaware of U.S. Tobacco’s massive college media campaign launched at the start of the 1997-1998 academic year. “Cigarette manufacturers voluntarily withdrew their advertising from campus publications in 1963,” said institute spokesman Walker Merryman. “I don’t know anything abou the U.S. Tobacco ads. You’re the first call I’ve gotten on it.” Merryman said the Tobacco Institute would not comment on matters involving U.S. Tobacco, even though the company was one of its members. “Smokeless tobacco companies, like cigar and pipe tobacco firms, have their own trade association,” he explained. . . 10 +Tobacco advertising leads to increased tobacco usage – college students are targeted specifically because it is much easier to entice them to casual and then heavy usage 11 +American Lung Association 8 (“Big Tobacco on Campus: Ending the Addiction”, pgs. 7 – 9, http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/tobacco/big-tobacco-on-campus.pdf, EmmieeM) 12 +Marketing tobacco products to college-age young adults remains a priority of the tobacco industry, as evidence from the major cigarette companies’ reports to the Federal Trade Commission show. The five biggest cigarette companies have shifted their marketing substantially in the U.S. in the last ten years. Tobacco advertising rose 20 percent alone in 1999, or from $6.9 billion to $8.4 billion in one year. By 2005, the latest year for which data are available, the companies spent $13.11 billion marketing cigarettes. Consuming the lion’s share of their marketing—at over $10.6 billion in 2005—were industry tools that counteract higher taxes and reduce the price pressures that both prevent young people from starting to smoke and move smokers to quit—price discounts and coupons.26 By 2005, the companies had decreased their spending on magazine and newspaper advertising and free cigarette samples distribution (although newspaper and magazine marketing of menthol cigarettes has increased27) as the audience for print media has declined. The new emphasis in spending by the companies in mid-decade was in areas that would reach the young adult market: adult entertainment events (e.g., sponsoring bar nights and adult music concerts) and “specialty item distribution.” The spending on entertainment events rose to $214.1 million in 2005 from $140 million in 2004, although entertainment expenditures had been over $312 million in 2001. The $230.5 million spent in 2005 on “specialty item distribution” included both branded and unbranded products, such as T-shirts, caps, sunglasses, key chains, lighters and sporting goods, marketed in connection with cigarettes, sometimes even bound together with the packs themselves.28 Tobacco companies’ highly developed research practices allowed them to define a robust market for their products among college students. Exploring the industry’s own documents, now in archives, researchers identified clear evidence that the industry targeted these young adults as part of their cultivation of new pack-aday smokers.29 The industry recognized that young adults are going through a transition period in their life, moving from high school to college or to work, a prime time for developing and cementing new behaviors, including smoking. Tobacco companies exploit this vulnerability by sponsoring promotions in bars, nightclubs, and other places young adults socialize to encourage smoking as a social norm, moving them from an “experimenter” to “mature” smoker. Evidence shows how the tobacco industry carefully plotted to transform occasional smokers to regular, daily smokers, even targeting different brands to each smoking stage.30 Industry promotion has penetrated student awareness. During the first six months of the 2000-2001 school year, 8.5 percent of U.S. college students in one large survey reported attending a social event sponsored by the tobacco industry where free cigarettes were distributed. Students at 115 of the 119 schools participating in that survey reported seeing tobacco promotions at a bar or nightclub. Students at 109 schools reported seeing tobacco promotions in an event on campus.31 Such tactics succeed in encouraging a significant number of college students to start and continue smoking. For example, a 2007 study found that alcohol use and membership in social organizations, like fraternities and sororities, proved to be a consistent link to smoking initiation in college, a link other studies have also found.32 Those behaviors indicate that they are more likely to have attended bars, nightclubs or other social events where tobacco marketing was present. That 2007 study found that 13 percent of students started smoking in college.33 A 2004 study found that 11.5 percent of college students started smoking occasionally over the course of their four years in school.34 Additional findings from that study indicate 87 percent of daily smokers and 50 percent of occasional college smokers continued to smoke four years later.35 However, 28 percent of daily smokers reduced but did not quit smoking during the study, indicating that smoking behavior of college-age adults is more fluid—switching more easily between daily and occasional smoking—than that of older adults. This finding indicates a key opportunity to intervene and reduce smoking among young adults by implementing smoke free policies and offering targeted smokingcessation programs. Flavored cigarettes may also encourage collegeage students to experiment with cigarettes and to keep smoking. Recently new products using candy, fruit, and alcohol flavorings join menthol as flavored cigarette products.36 Flavors make cigarettes more appealing to many college students, including nonsmokers.37 The flavors help mask the harshness and irritation of inhaling the smoke, making it easier to smoke more, a characteristic the industry recognized as early as the mid-1960s.38 Menthol-flavored cigarettes have been marketed for decades and have strong appeal to young adults. In 2006, 35.6 percent of young adult smokers (ages 18 to 24) smoked menthol-flavored cigarettes, including both African-American and White young adults.39 13 +Laundry list of impacts for college students – poorer mental health, lower academic performance, high-risk drinking, illicit drug use, and high-risk sexual behavior 14 +TTAC no date (TTAC – College Tobacco Prevention Resource, “The Negative Effects of Tobacco Use”, http://www.ttac.org/services/college/facts/negative-effects.html, EmmieeM) 15 +The negative effects of tobacco use go well beyond health problems. College student tobacco use is also associated with mental health issues, lower academic performance, high-risk drinking, illicit drug use, and high-risk sexual behavior. Health Effects of Tobacco Use. Smoking causes more than 440,000 US deaths per year, accounting for 1 out of every 5 deaths (CDC, 2003). Smoking is associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, ulcers, respiratory infections, lung cancer (as well as cancer of the larynx, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and uterine cervix), bronchitis, emphysema, early menopause, and stillborn and premature children (NIDA, 1999). Smokeless tobacco users, and pipe and cigar smokers are more susceptible to mouth cancer, cancer of the larynx, and cancer of the esophagus (NIDA, 1999). College students who smoke have higher rates of respiratory infections and asthma as well as a higher incidence of bacterial meningitis, especially among freshman living in dorms (Halperin, 2002). Women smokers with human papilloma virus (HPV) are at increased risk of progressing to cervical dysplasia or cancer. Women who smoke and use oral contraceptive pills are at higher risk for thromboembolic diseases such as stroke (Halperin, 2002). Of the 15 million college students in the United States today, it is estimated that 1.7 million will die of smoking-related illnesses, most prematurely (Halperin, 2002). That amounts to over 10.0 of current college students. Tobacco and Mental Health Problems: Mental health disorders have been strongly associated with smoking, especially among adolescents and young adults. Smoking has been associated with suicidal tendencies. College students who are daily smokers are more than five times more likely to have either seriously thought about or attempted suicide than non-smokers (Halperin and Eytan). Adolescent smokers are two times more likely to develop a major depressive disorder than adolescent nonsmokers. (Brown, 1996). The relationship between depression and smoking among adolescents is bidirectional. Depressed teens are more likely to smoke, and those who smoke are more likely to become depressed (Brown, 1996). A National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 25-year study concluded that smoking is connected with several mental health disorders in adolescents and young adults. Heavy smokers (20 cigarettes/day) were 6.8 times more likely to develop agoraphobia, had 5.5 times the risk of generalized anxiety disorder, and had 15.6 times the risk of developing panic disorder than non-smokers and light smokers. These drastic risk increases are thought to be tied to the damage that nicotine can do to the blood vessels that lead to the brain (NIDA, 2001). Tobacco, High-Risk Drinking, Illicit Drug Use, and High-Risk Sex: College students who smoke are more likely to participate in the risky behaviors that pose some of the greatest health threats to18-24 year olds. Concurrent dependence on tobacco and alcohol occurs in about 10.0 of young adults ages 21-25 (Anthony, 2000). Adolescents who smoke are seven times more likely to abuse or become addicted to illicit drugs than are nonsmoking teens (Brown, 1996). The Harvard College Alcohol Study determined that student tobacco users are 4.62 times more likely to smoke marijuana and 3.6 times more likely to engage in high-risk drinking than are nonsmokers (Rigotti, 2000). Smokers are more likely to use illicit drugs than high-risk drinkers (Halperin and Eytan). College students who are smokers are 50.0 more likely than nonsmokers to have had two or more sexual partners in the last month (Rigotti, 2000). Even light smokers are over three times more likely to participate in high-risk sexual behavior when concurrently using alcohol or other drugs than nonsmokers (Halperin and Eytan). Tobacco Use and Lower Academic Performance: Smokers have lower grade point averages (GPA) than nonsmokers. The Harvard College Alcohol Study found that smokers are 27.0 less likely than nonsmokers to have an above B grade average (Rigotti, 2000). Daily smokers were found to have even lower GPAs than high-risk drinkers (Halperin and Eytan). Smoking prevalence in colleges has been found to be lower at highly selective schools (Wechsler, 1998). Lower individual performance aong students results in lower academic overall standings for colleges. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,51 @@ 1 +The model of “free speech” endorsed by the affirmative separates queer identity from expression, which results in erasure and exclusion – we need to abstract from the “normal” that queer voices are included at all. Thus the Role of the Ballot is to vote for the debater that provides the best methodology for challenging the oppression of queer bodies. 2 +Yalda 99 (Christine Yalda – Arizona State University/SAGE Publications, “Walking the Straight and Narrow: Performative Sexuality and the First Amendment After Hurley”, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/096466399900800102, pgs. 33 – 36, EmmieeM) 3 +Although the Hurley Court conflates heterosexual act and identity to constitute the council, it 4 +AND 5 +, i.e. that someone can be both Irish and queer. 6 +The affirmative uses colleges and protests as sites of resistance, but the academy is bankrupt – policies like school surveillance and zero tolerance separate students into “deserving” and “undeserving” bodies with the latter corralled into choosing between crime and military – that’s a solvency deficit. 7 +Cowen and Siciliano 11 (Deborah Cowen and Amy Siciliano – Deborah Cowen is an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto. Amy Sicilliano is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the City Institute of York University in Toronto, This book is compiled/edited by Shelley Feldman, Charles Geyser, Gayatri Menon – Shelley Feldman is an International Professor of Development Sociology and the Director of Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Program at Cornell. Charles Geisler is an International Professor of Development Sociology at Cornell. Gayatri Menon is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Sociology at the Franklin and Marshall College, “Geographies of Justice and Social Transformation: Accumulating Insecurity: Violence and Dispossession in the Making of Everyday Life”, “Rights in Suspension”, http://puffin.harker.org:2341/lib/harker/reader.action?docID=10457039andppg=1, pg. 108-119, EmmieeM) 8 +Schools have long been crucial institutions of liberal citizenship for the production of both discipline 9 +AND 10 +are part of the assembling of a broad future of securitized social reproduction. 11 +Progress is futile – the security state has constructed the structure of the law as something that will provide civil society an enemy to define both its own existence and the expansion of militarism - step away from normativity and become the camouflaging terrorist that is slain by the benevolent state protector 12 +Genova 11 (Nicholas de Genova – Visiting Scholar in the Center for the Study of Race, Politics, and Culture at the University of Chicago and has been a research professor at the University of Amsterdam. He has taught anthropology at Stanford and Columbia and been an international research fellow at the University of Warwick. This book is compiled/edited by Shelley Feldman, Charles Geyser, Gayatri Menon – Shelley Feldman is an International Professor of Development Sociology and the Director of Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Program at Cornell. Charles Geisler is an International Professor of Development Sociology at Cornell. Gayatri Menon is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Sociology at the Franklin and Marshall College, “Geographies of Justice and Social Transformation: Accumulating Insecurity: Violence and Dispossession in the Making of Everyday Life”, Chapter 2- Fugitive Corporeality, http://puffin.harker.org:2341/lib/harker/reader.action?docID=10457039, Pg. 142-150, EmmieeM) 13 +The demand for a dutiful and docile (and now, patriotic, even heroic) 14 +AND 15 + supplying the justificatory rationale for still more state power. 16 +The queer body is the non-conforming societal terrorist – from the AIDs epidemic to the “destruction of marriage and the family”, the queer is perceived as a threat to both cis-straight bodies and heteronormative society. The only alternative positioning allowed by American biopolitics is that of a market commodity to be exploited. 17 +Puar 7 (Jasbir Puar – associate professor in the Department of Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University who has received countless national awards (Association for Asian American Studies Cultural Studies Book Award, Excellence in Graduate Teaching Award, etc), “Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times”, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54234b64e4b080ee5d54b2f0/t/5424b19ee4b070e9080566cf/1411690910458/jasbir-puar_terrorist-assemblages_preface.pdf, pg. 4 – 10, EmmieeM) 18 +Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times is an invitation to deeper exploration of these 19 +AND 20 +always-becoming (continual ontological emergence, a Deleuzian becoming without being). 21 +Permutation can’t work - there can never be any hope of progress within the legal system because it is set up in such a way to erase queerness while simultaneously perpetuating queer violence – things like the trans-panic defense and deliberate sabotage of statistical gathering to down-play incidents of queer violence force the queer to become bare life. 22 +Stanley 11 (Eric Stanley, “Near Life, Queer Death: Overkill and Ontological Capture”, https://queerhistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/near-life-queer-death-eric-stanley.pdf, PG. 5 – 15, EmmieeM) 23 +The numbers, degrees, locations, kinds, types, and frequency of attacks, 24 +AND 25 +space of ontological capture that life might still be lived, otherwise. 26 +We must abandon the political – state-based “support” forms is used to drive homonationalism, another reason the perm fails. 27 +Puar 13 (Jasbir Puar – associate professor in the Department of Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University who has received countless national awards (Association for Asian American Studies Cultural Studies Book Award, Excellence in Graduate Teaching Award, etc), Jindal Global Law Review, “Homonationalism as Assemblage: Viral Travels, Affective Sexualities”, http://www.thing.net/~rdom/ucsd/3somesPlus/Puar.pdf, pg. 24-28, EmmieeM) 28 +In my 2007 monograph, Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times (hereinafter TA 29 +AND 30 +the legislation regarding the severe compromises made in order to enable its passage. 31 +Thus my advocacy – queer anarchy - the only viable option is to call for queer anarchy – a radical insurrection that overthrows civil society 32 +Mary Nardini no date (Mary Nardini Gang, “Towards the Queerest Insurrection”, http://www.weldd.org/sites/default/files/Toward20the20Queerest20Insurrection.pdf, EmmieeM) 33 +Susan Stryker writes that the state acts to “regulate bodies, 34 +AND 35 + spread throughout the city as others joined in on the fun! 36 +The queer Atlantic is at the nexus of diaspora and power formations – recognizing queer forms of resistance during the Middle Passage and the imposed fluidity upon colonized bodies that gave rise to modern capitalism and imperialism is the best way to analyze other power structures 37 +Tinsley 8 (Omise'eke Natasha Tinsley – Associate Professor of African and African Diaspora Studies at UTexas with a PhD from Cal/Duke University Press, “Black Atlantic, Queer Atlantic: Queer Imaginings of the Middle Passage”, pgs. 191 – 199, Emmiee) 38 +And water, ocean water is the first thing in the unstable confluence of race 39 +AND 40 +diaspora scholarship in ways as surprising as Equiano’s first glimpse of the sea. 41 +Oncase 2:30 – 1:50/1:00 42 +1. Exclusion DA - ‘Free speech’ is not a static concept – what is considered protected under the First Amendment reflects the position of civil society and those in power. The marketplace of ideas is a construct that is set up to give the perception of free discussion while simultaneously excluding “undeserving” voices 43 +Fish 94 (Stanley Fish – American literary theorist, legal scholar, author, and public intellectual; Floersheimer Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Yeshiva University, “There’s No Such Thing As Free Speech: And It's a Good Thing Too”, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=GtdrpVZpTfUCandoi=fndandpg=PR11andots=hRG0qlDGedandsig=7hFHzMjY7hisMGLN2yQjdkKmRvs#v=onepageandqandf=false, pgs. 15 –17, EmmieeM) 44 +The moral is the one I draw in “There’s No Such Thing as Free Speech, and It’s a Good Thing, Too” 45 +AND 46 +itself infected in its very constitution (here both a noun and a verb). 47 +2. Co-option DA- The affirmative represents a conflict within the paradigm of America but refuses to challenge the foundational antagonism that produces the violence that undergirds the that same paradigm 48 +Wilderson, ’10 2010, Frank B. Wilderson is an Associate Professor of African-American Studies at UC Irvine and has a Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, “Red, White and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms,” 49 +Leaving aside for the moment their state of mind, it would seem that 50 +AND 51 +foundation of the close reading of feature films and political theory that follows. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,30 @@ 1 +Higher education funding is at the breaking point 2 +Anderson 4/12 (Lindsey, staff @ Las Cruces Sun-News, “Carruthers: NMSU considering merging colleges, cutting programs”, http://www.lcsun-news.com/story/news/education/nmsu/2017/04/11/carruthers-nmsu-considering-merging-colleges-cutting-programs/100349410/) 3 +Each president pointed to ways in which state cuts have been absorbed throughout the years 4 +AND 5 +so much of their budgets and approve meager employee raises for so long. 6 +Unrest undermines donor support 7 +Scutari 16 (Mike, staff @ Inside Philanthropy, “Bad for the Bottom Line: As Protests Roil College Campuses, Some Donors Cut Back”, https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/higher-education/2016/8/15/bad-for-the-bottom-line-as-protests-roil-college-campuses-so.html) 8 +A common rule of thumb in philanthropy is that donors like stability. The greater 9 +AND 10 +, here—campus administrators who "wilt before the activists like flowers." 11 +Endowments are critical to keeping universities operating – They fund teaching, underwrite tuition and aid, and ensure long-term stability 12 +ACE 8 (American Council on Education, “Facts About College and University Endowments”, http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/Facts-About-College-and-University-Endowments.pdf) 13 +College and university endowment funds are an important source of revenue which support teaching, 14 +AND 15 +boards help to ensure that endowment income is spent for its intended purposes. 16 +Donations are critical to competitiveness –Underwrite scientific and biomedical research 17 +ACE 8 (American Council on Education, “Facts About College and University Endowments”, http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/Facts-About-College-and-University-Endowments.pdf) 18 +Another purpose for which endowment funds are restricted is scientific and scholarly research. Colleges 19 +AND 20 +All contribute to the American innovation system that supports our nation's economic competitiveness. 21 +Cuts to higher ed rollback solutions to disease, arms races, and climate 22 +Romero 4/10 (Dr. Aldemaro, Dean of Weissman School @ Arts @ Barouch College, “Moody's paints grim picture for higher education”, http://www.theintelligencer.com/commentary/article/Moody-s-paints-grim-picture-for-higher-education-11062876.php) 23 +Add to these cuts the already relentless cuts to public higher education budgets by state 24 +AND 25 +change. Those times of greatness may be over sooner rather than later. 26 +Climate change causes extinction 27 +Griffin 15 (David, Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, “The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?”, CNN, 4/14/2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/ ) 28 +Although most of us worry about other things, climate scientists have become increasingly worried 29 +AND 30 +the whole world to replace dirty energy with clean as soon as possible. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,46 @@ 1 +Heg is high now, but we’re on the brink – the perception that U.S. cannot or will no longer deploy military forces leads us to lose allies and drives proliferation. China and Russia are ramping up their military innovation – any decrease in militarism means they overtake us 2 +Wharton 4/24/17 (UPenn Public Policy News, “The U.S. Military: A Crisis of Innovation”, https://publicpolicy.wharton.upenn.edu/live/news/1833-the-us-military-a-crisis-of-innovation, EmmieeM) 3 +Since the conclusion of World War II, the United States has maintained largely unquestioned 4 +AND 5 +of technological and organizational innovations if it hopes to maintain its global hegemony. 6 +Hegemony is sustainable – this card takes into account the election, Brexit, anti-American leadership, and Russia/China aggression – also 2 days old 7 +Sears 4/27/17 (Nathan A. Sears – PhD students in Political Science at the University of Toronto; Writer for The Diplomat, “China, Russia, and the Long ‘Unipolar Moment’ Revisited”, http://thediplomat.com/2017/04/china-russia-and-the-long-unipolar-moment-revisited/, EmmieeM) 8 +One year ago, in a piece for The Diplomat, I made the argument 9 +AND 10 +bad news for those would-be great powers, China and Russia. 11 +Dissent and protests are criminalized on campus now – campus protest uniquely key because the militarism within the US reflect the militarism on campus and people internalize that dissent is bad 12 +Godrej 14 (Farah Godrej – Associate Professor of Political Science at UC Riverside, “The Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent”, “Neoliberalism, Militarization, and the Price of Dissent: Policing Protest at the University of California”, http://krieger.jhu.edu/arrighi/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2016/09/selections-from-ed-Chatterjee-Maira-Imperial-University.pdf, pgs. 139 – 141, EmmieeM) 13 +I have offered here a particular window into the ways in which the interests, 14 +AND 15 +of neoliberal privatization requires that dissent continue, despite its high “price.” 16 +Counter-recruitment movements have empirically proven successful, but without the ability to enter colleges they have become small and scattered – colleges are the key battle ground 17 +Harding/Kershner 11 (Scott Harding – School of Social Work at the University of Connecticut/Seth Kershner – Simmons College, I am super sorry for all the size 3 stuff this article was really long, “’Just Say No’: Organizing Against Militarism in Public Schools ”, “Alternatives to Militarism: Counter-Recruitment as One Model”, http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3602andcontext=jssw, pgs. 86 – 107, EmmieeM) 18 +It is within this context of deeply embedded militarism that the practice of counter- 19 +AND 20 +also bolster global defenses against militarism at a time of increasingly global war. 21 +Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in – that causes your heg bad impacts so it’s try or die for the NEG 22 +Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 (“The Economy and National Security,” National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011) 23 + 24 +Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to 25 +AND 26 +leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity. 27 +U.S. hegemony and military preeminence is key to contain China – we need more deployment and more military technology to prevent them from trying to expand their sphere of influence and attacking us 28 +Tellis 4/25/17 (Ashley J. Tellis – ex-U.S. National Security Staff and senior advisor in the U.S. Department of State; Writing for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “Protecting American Primacy in the Indo-Pacific”, http://carnegieendowment.org/2017/04/25/protecting-american-primacy-in-indo-pacific-pub-68754, EmmieeM) 29 +Good morning, Chairman McCain, Ranking Member Reed, and distinguished members of the 30 +AND 31 +, a strong U.S. military that can project power globally to 32 + 33 + 34 +deter war and, when necessary, defeat America’s adversaries.” These resources, in 35 +AND 36 +of the United States and that of its allies ultimately depends on it. 37 +Containment prevents war 38 +Mearsheimer 14 (John J. Mearsheimer is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, “Can China Rise Peacefully?”, April 07, 2014 published, National Interest posted on October 25, 2014, Accessed 7/27/16, Available online at http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/can-china-rise-peacefully-10204?page=20, JRR) 39 +The optimal strategy for dealing with a rising China is containment. It calls for 40 +AND 41 +come onshore when the local powers cannot contain the potential hegemon by themselves. 42 +US-China war goes nuclear and results in extinction 43 +Wittner 11 - Professor of History @ State University of New York-Albany. Lawrence S. Wittner, “Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?,” Huntington News, Monday, November 28, 2011 - 18:37 pg. http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446 44 +While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used. 45 +AND 46 +that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,17 @@ 1 +Focus on sarcasm, satire, and irony is ableist, excluding those unable to detect it: this removes from the debate space those with mental or social disabilities. 2 +Chin 14 (Richard Chin is a Twin Cities newspaper reporter. He was a Knight Journalism Fellow at Stanford University. Smithsonian Magazine: “The Science of Sarcasm? Yeah, Right” published November 14th, 2014. Accessed July 21st, 2015. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-science-of-sarcasm-yeah-right-25038/?all)TheFedora 3 +Actually, scientists are finding that the ability to detect sarcasm really is useful. 4 +AND 5 +This dual nature has led to contradictory theories on why we use it. 6 + 7 +Multiple disabilities limit capacity to accurately interpret your AFF 8 +Williams ‘8 (Diane L. Williams: a Department of Speech Language Pathology, Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University; Gerald Goldstein: VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Nicole Kojkowski: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; and Nancy J. Minshewd, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Res Autism Spectr Disord: “Do individuals with high functioning autism have the IQ profile associated with nonverbal learning disability? “Published June, 2008. Accessed July 24th, 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148695/) TheFedora 9 + 10 +Individuals with high functioning autism (HFA), Asperger syndrome (ASP), and nonverbal 11 +AND 12 +in the behavioral presentation of these three disorders create a challenge for diagnosticians. 13 +An neg ballot is an endorsement of a model of debate which prioritizes the ethical necessity to question ableism 14 +Bérubé 03 Michael, Paterno Family Professor in Literature at Pennsylvania State University, “Citizenship and Disability”, Spring BWSJD 15 +In the six years since I published a book about my son Jamie, Life 16 +AND 17 +, which is to say, for the good of all of us. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-30 19:34:51.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Varad Argawala - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Palo Alto FZ - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +42 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +6 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - DA - Ableism - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +TOC
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,64 @@ 1 +The affirmative's "satire" reinforces violent neoliberalism—the desire to maintain a safe, cynical distance from ideology is a form of vaccination—it makes dominant cultural messages more acceptable by diminishing the revolutionary potential of dissent. The 1AC isn't a radical like Che Guevara, its a 29.99 Che Guevara T-shirt 2 +Adam Corner is a research associate in psychology at Cardiff University. 11-21-13 http://aeon.co/magazine/living-together/how-advertising-turned-anti-consumerism-into-a-secret-weapon/ 3 +In 1796, the English physician Edward Jenner injected an eight-year-old 4 +AND 5 +been immunised, it is not against ads: it is against dissent. 6 +Late modern society is self-reflexive – our identities are determined by our political and economic consumption – what to buy, who to vote for, what brands are most socially responsible, what energy companies are least polluting – the modern ideal of the autonomous subject is no longer possible vis a vis the market system. 7 +Bluhdorn 06 – (2006, Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, “Self-Experience in the Theme Park of Radical Action? Social Movements and Political Articulation in the Late-Modern Condition,” European Journal of Social Theory 9(1): 23–42, google scholar) 8 +The concept of late modernity has been used by Giddens (1991), Touraine ( 9 +AND 10 +the principle of efficiency has replaced that of vitality’ (2000: 17). 11 +Of course, this does not mean that human beings or their needs and concerns 12 +AND 13 +political articulation, it is useful to at least briefly sketch these implications: 14 +First, since the Enlightenment, the notion of the autonomous individual as the ultimate 15 +AND 16 +role and customer orientation can never really be convincing and invariably breed cynicism. 17 +Obviously, these simplifying sketches are not supposed to be fully adequate and exhaustive descriptions 18 +AND 19 +it is suggested that they fulfil, inter alia, exactly this function. 20 +Confronted with this crisis, the modern subject seeks to reconfirm and reconstitute an oppositional identity through the simulation of alternatives to the system – these performances of radical change pacify true dissent and enable the continued management of unsustainability – the impact is environmental destruction, extreme inequality and violent conflict. 21 +Bluhdorn 07 – (May 2007, Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, “Self-description, Self-deception, Simulation: A Systems-theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Discourses of Radical Change,” Social Movement Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1–20, May 2007, google scholar) 22 +Yet the established patterns of self-construction, which thus have to be defended 23 +AND 24 +needs to represent and reproduce itself and its opposite at the same time. 25 +If considered within this framework of this analysis, the function of Luhmann’s system of 26 +AND 27 +quo, i.e. the sustainability of the principle of exclusion. 28 +Protest movements as networks of physical actors and actions complement the purely communicative discourses of 29 +AND 30 +society’s only remaining way of coping with the threat of self-referentiality. 31 +Capitalism causes mass death, anti-blackness, and environmental destruction. 32 +Dean 15 (Jodi, Political Theorist @ Hobart William Colleges, “Red, Black, and Green” Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, 27:3, pp. 399-401) 33 +Two ideas voiced in the present discussion impress the urgency of the need for a left party oriented toward communism: racism (Buck 2015) and the Anthropocene (Healy 2015). 34 +Given anthropogenic climate change, the stakes of contemporary politics are almost unimaginably high. 35 +AND 36 +and soon. Forcing that change is the political challenge of our time. 37 +Given the persistence of racialized violence and the operation of the state as an instrument 38 +AND 39 +ideas need to be chosen, systematized into a program, and defended. 40 +Consciously reiterating the colors of the Black Liberation Flag, the red, black, 41 +AND 42 +dismantling of the carbon-based economy and the global redistribution of wealth. 43 +The three colors should not be read as three separate issues or groups. They 44 +AND 45 +the Left that have stood in the way of our forging collective counterpower. 46 +Here and now, movements are pushing the organizational convergence of communist, climate, 47 +AND 48 +relate to ourselves as comrades, as solidary members of a fighting collective. 49 +The alternative is to stop and think Communism – breaking free from the political closure of the status quo requires refusing the call to radical action in favor of developing a new, comprehensive understanding of the institutional constraints of the status quo. The role of the ballot is to evaluate competing theoretical understandings of oppression – debate does not actualize space for radicalism and believing it can collapses into the neoliberal logic of horizontalism. 50 +Swyngedouw and Wilson 14 (Erik, Professor of Geography @ Manchester U., and Japhy, Lecturer in International Political Economy and Hallsworth Research Fellow @ Manchester U., “There Is No Alternative,” The Post-Political and Its Discontents: Spaces of Depoliticisation, Spectres of Radical Politics, pp. 308-310) 51 +The idea of communism may appear as little more than a mirage on the political 52 +AND 53 +keep saying there is no alternative, when there really is no alternative? 54 +Cap thrives on their local movements – their community oriented politics feeds the system through its cooptation by modern forms of capitalist production – only a complete rejection solves 55 +Ware 13 (Michael, “Why small scale alternatives won’t change the world,” 04/02/2013, http://climateandcapitalism.com/2013/04/02/why-small-scale-alternatives-wont-change-the-world/, AC) 56 +Against a backdrop of global climate disasters, financial panics, and inequality, localism 57 +AND 58 +locally. It fails to address the complexities of modern production and distribution, 59 + 60 + romanticizing feudalism and precapitalist societies. A planet with seven billion people and one 61 +AND 62 +than localism’s polite resistance, which is like a mosquito biting an elephant. 63 +RC ARG – fascism, queer, race 64 +Solves the AFF - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-30 19:34:52.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Varad Argawala - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Palo Alto FZ - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +42 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +6 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - K - No Meemz for Capitalist Teenz - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +TOC
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +43,44 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-05 02:51:57.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Calen Smith - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Quarry Lane SK - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +45 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-05 02:58:19.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Matthew Leuvano - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake JN - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +46 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-06 22:18:25.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Donald Fagan, Sarah Sherwood, Adam Torson - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake AM - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Quarters - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
- Caselist.RoundClass[34]
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +47 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-11 16:41:07.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Donald Fagan, Sarah Sherwood, Sean Fee - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Dougherty CS - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Semis - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +48,49,50 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-18 18:53:53.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Erik Legried - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake SC - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
- Caselist.RoundClass[36]
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +51 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-19 19:43:23.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Nick Steele - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Brentwood LR - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
- Caselist.RoundClass[37]
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +52 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-20 16:54:29.0 - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark BA - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
- Caselist.RoundClass[38]
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +53,54 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-08 20:20:39.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Arjun Tambe - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark DA - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +55 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-09 04:49:38.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Adam Torson - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake AM - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +3 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA
- Caselist.RoundClass[40]
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +56 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-09 16:33:06.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Max Cline - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark BA - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA
- Caselist.RoundClass[41]
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +57,58 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-29 16:56:29.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Jacob Nails - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake JD - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +TOC
- Caselist.RoundClass[42]
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +59,60 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-30 19:34:48.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Varad Argawala - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Palo Alto FZ - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +6 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +TOC