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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,57 @@ 1 +Class must be foregrounded – intersectionality precludes the fundamental nature of class relations as the primary power relation deterministic of all other sources of oppression – the combination waters down the alt and makes it entirely ineffectual. 2 +Gimenez 1 (Prof. Sociology at UC Boulder) Martha, “Marxism and Class; Gender and Race”, Race, Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online: http://www.colorado.edu/Sociology/gimenez/work/cgr.html 3 +There are many competing theories of race, gender, class, American society, 4 +AND 5 +ethnomethodology ignores power relations. Power relations underlie all processes of social interaction and this is why social facts are constraining upon people. But the pervasiveness of 6 +AND 7 +what happens in social interactions grounded in "intersectionality" is class power. 8 +Queering identity falls in line with neoliberal governmentality – the aff gets co-opted in favor of creating new markets for queers 9 +Ladelle McWhorter 12 – Professor of Philosophy, Women, Gender, Sexuality, and Environmental Studies, University of Richmond, “Queer Economies”, Foucault Studies, No. 14, pp. 61-78, September 2012 10 +Neoliberal Subjectivity My focus in this article, however, is not population management but 11 +AND 12 +into resisting neoliberalism? I believe so, and I believe we should. 13 +Narrativity as resistance distracts from collective politics by valorizing the individual overcoming of the individual 14 +Coughlin 95 15 +Anne, associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229 16 +The outsider narratives do not reflect on another feature of autobiographical discourse that is perhaps 17 +AND 18 + political, economic, social and psychological structures that attend such success. 19 +n211 In this light, the outsider autobiographies unwittingly deflect attention from collective social 20 +AND 21 +, rather than subvert, autobiographical protagonists that serve the values of liberalism. 22 +Capitalism causes mass death, anti-blackness, and environmental destruction. 23 +Dean 15 (Jodi, Political Theorist @ Hobart William Colleges, “Red, Black, and Green” Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, 27:3, pp. 399-401) 24 +Two ideas voiced in the present discussion impress the urgency of the need for a left party oriented toward communism: racism (Buck 2015) and the Anthropocene (Healy 2015). 25 +Given anthropogenic climate change, the stakes of contemporary politics are almost unimaginably high. 26 +AND 27 +and soon. Forcing that change is the political challenge of our time. 28 +Given the persistence of racialized violence and the operation of the state as an instrument 29 +AND 30 +ideas need to be chosen, systematized into a program, and defended. 31 +Consciously reiterating the colors of the Black Liberation Flag, the red, black, 32 +AND 33 +dismantling of the carbon-based economy and the global redistribution of wealth. 34 +The three colors should not be read as three separate issues or groups. They 35 +AND 36 +the Left that have stood in the way of our forging collective counterpower. 37 +Here and now, movements are pushing the organizational convergence of communist, climate, 38 +AND 39 +relate to ourselves as comrades, as solidary members of a fighting collective. 40 +The alternative is to stop and think Communism – breaking free from the political closure of the status quo requires refusing the call to radical action in favor of developing a new, comprehensive understanding of the institutional constraints of the status quo. 41 +Swyngedouw and Wilson 14 (Erik, Professor of Geography @ Manchester U., and Japhy, Lecturer in International Political Economy and Hallsworth Research Fellow @ Manchester U., “There Is No Alternative,” The Post-Political and Its Discontents: Spaces of Depoliticisation, Spectres of Radical Politics, pp. 308-310) 42 +The idea of communism may appear as little more than a mirage on the political 43 +AND 44 +one that haunted Europe in 1848: the real possibility of communism now. 45 +But the communism that haunts the contemporary Left is not a real possibility. It 46 +AND 47 +-lived Bakhtinian carnivals whose geographical staging is carefully choreographed by the state. The relationship between our critical theories and the political as egalitarian-emancipatory process has AND 48 +, aims to take control again of life and its conditions of possibility. 49 +Communism as a hypothesis and political practice is much older than the twentieth century and 50 +AND 51 +1966, which was brutally smashed by the forces of the Chinese state. 52 +The key task, therefore, is to stop and think, to think communism 53 +AND 54 +a truth that can only be established through a new emancipatory political sequence. 55 +The communist hypothesis forces itself onto the terrain of the political through the process of 56 +AND 57 +keep saying there is no alternative, when there really is no alternative? - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,47 @@ 1 +A is the interpretation - the affirmative may not claim offense from anything other than colleges and universities mandating that there ought not be any limits on constitutionally protected speech – this must be a fiated, concrete policy. 2 +First, “public university” implies one that is state owned 3 +Wikipedia (“Public University”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_university, EmmieeM) 4 +A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. 5 +Second, Resolved implies a policy 6 +Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm 7 +Resolution A legislative instrument that generally is used for making declarations, stating policies, and making decisions where some other form is not required. A bill includes the constitutionally required enacting clause; a resolution uses the term "resolved". Not subject to a time limit for introduction nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) 8 +My interpretation is that the resolution should define the division of affirmative and negative ground. It was negotiated and announced in advance, providing both sides with a reasonable opportunity to prepare to engage one another’s arguments. 9 +This does not require the use of any particular style, type of evidence, or assumption about the role of the judge — only that the topic should determine the debate’s subject matter. 10 +B is the violation: The affirmative violates this interpretation because they call for queer rage as an advocacy 11 +TVA solves: You could – ENTER 12 +Queer rejection of the state absent a commitment to actual political change results in nothing 13 +Kerl 10 (Eric, Contemporary anarchism, http://isreview.org/issue/72/contemporary-anarchism) 14 +By the end of the decade, anarchism had established itself as a provocative, 15 +AND 16 +of the means prefiguring the ends, the means have become the ends. 17 +State is accessible for LGBTQ – recent ruling and trajectory prove 18 +Edgar 8 ENGAGING WITH THE STATE: CITIZENSHIP, INJUSTICE, AND THE PROBLEM WITH QUEER Edgar, Gemma. is a research fellow at The Australia Institute Gay and Lesbian Issues and Psychology Review4.3 (2008): 176-187. http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview//21403791/7D43C20E17E146FCPQ/1?accountid=14667 19 +One response to the worry that LGBTI individuals and other minorities will be subsumed by 20 +AND 21 +fully belong, that has allowed it to do the work it does. 22 +Simulated legal debates that emphasize switch-side argumentation are crucial for social transformation~-~--teaching legal precision is net-better for eliminating oppression. Infusing the law with egalitarian concepts can overcome larger social biases, even if one-shot legal solutions don’t work the first time. Their pessimism towards the law is a knee-jerk reaction that constrains transformative possibilities so err on the side of optimism. 23 +Karl Klare, George J. and Kathleen Waters Matthews Distinguished University Professor, Northeastern University School of Law, “Teaching Local 1330—Reflections on Critical Legal Pedagogy,” (‘11). School of Law Faculty Publications. Paper 167. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20002528 24 + 25 +By now it has begun to dawn that one of the subjects of this class 26 +AND 27 +case is to go back and do more work in the legal medium. 28 +C is reasons to prefer 29 +1 – Stasis - Stasis is the internal link to solving the aff – Debate has the ability to change people’s attitudes because it forces pre-round internal deliberation on a focused topic of debate 30 +Goodin and Niemeyer 3 – Australian National University (Robert and Simon, “When Does Deliberation Begin? Internal Reflection versus Public Discussion in Deliberative Democracy” Political Studies, Vol 50, p 627-649, WileyInterscience) 31 +What happened in this particular case, as in any particular case, was in 32 +AND 33 +stored memory rather than just consulting our running on-line ‘summary judgments 34 + 35 +’. Crucially for our present discussion, once again, what prompts that shift 36 +AND 37 +least one possible way of doing that for each of those key features. 38 +2 – Fallibility – Even if the 1AC is factually correct, failure to subject their claims to testing by a well-prepared opponent produces groupthink that prevents effective advocacy – treat their claims as false until properly tested 39 +Poscher 16—director at the Institute for Staatswissenschaft and Philosophy of Law at the University of Freiburg (Ralf, “Why We Argue About the Law: An Agonistic Account of Legal Disagreement”, Metaphilosophy of Law, Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki/Adam Dyrda/Pawel Banas (eds.), Hart Publishing, forthcoming) 40 +Hegel’s dialectical thinking powerfully exploits the idea of negation. It is a central feature 41 +AND 42 +unlikely to share some of our more fundamental convictions or who opposes the view 43 + 44 +towards which we lean. This might even be the most helpful way of corroborating 45 +AND 46 +concept of justice to art such as to engage in an intelligible controversy. 47 +3 – Fairness – ENTER - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,24 @@ 1 +The plan causes national security leaks – The protected categories overlap with classified information critical to US military power 2 +Schoenfeld 7 (Gabriel, 2/1, sr fellow @ The Hudson Inst., “Why Journalists Are Not Above the Law”, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/why-journalists-are-not-above-the-law/) 3 +Considerations like these have, in fact, informed recent congressional debates over whether to 4 +AND 5 +other words, would effectively immunize one large category of leakers at a stroke 6 + 7 +, and perhaps immunize almost all leakers, dramatically intensifying the flow of even the 8 +AND 9 +federal circuit courts would not be cleared up; it would be deepened. 10 +Especially true of college newspapers – They could start publishing Wikileaks materials to keep it from disappearing 11 +Feldman 16 (Noah, professor of constitutional and international law at Harvard University and was a clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Souter, “A College Newspaper Takes the Right Stand”, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-12-05/kentucky-kernel-takes-the-right-stand-against-university) 12 +Yet once a newspaper is in possession of a document, First Amendment concerns enter 13 +AND 14 +like the Kernel has as much First Amendment protection as a national publication. 15 +Leaks undermine US intelligence collection 16 +Pillar 13 (Paul, 12/26, Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Center for Security Studies at Georgetown University and Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Leaks and an Irresponsible Press”, http://stage.nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/leaks-irresponsible-press-9633) 17 +Biased coverage is only part of the problem in how the press has behaved in 18 +AND 19 +. diplomatic cables and the multitude of press stories made out of them. 20 +Specifically, intelligence deters WMD attacks 21 +Cillufo and Kupperman 97 (Frank, Associate Vice President at The George Washington University, and Robert, PhD NYU, terrorism expert, “Between War and Peace: Deterrence and Leverage”, https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/HSPI_Journal_1.pdf) 22 +Traditional U.S. preventative and response options are inadequate to meet the challenges 23 +AND 24 +flexibility in terms of rapid response and the ability to conduct clandestine operations. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,23 @@ 1 +CP: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected journalist speech but restrict reporting of student survivors and perpetrators of student criminal activity. 2 +In the squo police blotters, crime reports put in student newspapers, are constitutionally protected Gersh ‘91 3 +Judge Rules in Favor of Students in Campus Crime Reports Case By Gersh, Debra Judge Rules in Favor of Students in Campus Crime Reports Case By Gersh, Debra | Editor and Publisher, November 30, 1991 4 +The Department of Education cannot prevent colleges and universities from releasing detailed information about campus 5 +AND 6 +they maintain, searching the local law-enforcement records is cumbersome and ineffective 7 + 8 +This harms the students—creates a permanent online record of minor college crimes that are often expunged by the legal system. That harms post college job prospects and shaming on campus. Reimold ‘13 9 +Dan Reimold, 10-22-2013, "Should college newspapers publish the names of student criminal suspects?," USA TODAY College, http://college.usatoday.com/2013/10/22/should-college-newspapers-publish-the-names-of-student-criminal-suspects/ 10 +As she contends, “Miami University is a place where students come to start 11 +AND 12 +take responsibility for your actions — breaking the law is breaking the law.” 13 +Police blotters for college students are counterproductive; the safety and security of students is lost as their home becomes hostile towards them. Anonymity is lost and a regular education is impossible. Madison ‘16 14 +Madison Nick, xx-xx-xxxx, "Public knowledge or public humiliation?," Tab Pitt, http://thetab.com/us/pitt/2016/03/21/public-knowledge-public-humiliation-236 15 +Having your mistakes featured in a news article while you’re paying thousands in tuition to 16 +AND 17 +student’s futures and staying loyal to the people that call your university home? 18 + 19 +This is particularly bad in regards to sexual violence—survivors are outed in reports. Schworm ‘12 20 +By Peter Schworm GLOBE STAFF APRIL 28, 2012. Naming of rape victim leads to dispute at Bridgewater State. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/04/27/student-newspaper-coverage-rally-against-sexual-assault-sets-off-controversy-bridgewater-state/DGe2IhVdQ16LYEKTrlguoK/story.html 21 +A college newspaper that printed the name of a rape victim who spoke at a 22 +AND 23 +“I think it would set a dangerous precedent,’’ she said. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,36 @@ 1 +First, recognizing that the epistemology of capitalism manipulates our understanding of policy is a pre-condition to evaluating the resolution. Marsh 95, 2 +Marsh 95- Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, PhD from Northwestern University (James, Critique Action and Liberation, p 331-2) 3 +Is it reasonable, therefore, even to talk about the possibility of a socialism 4 +AND 5 +move on. Recent events in eastern Europe only confirm such a judgment. 6 + 7 +Second, Links Their conception of free expression promotes market ideals that undermine genuine free exchange of ideas—that both turns the aff and is the backbone of capitalism. Dawes ‘15 8 +Dawes 15 (Simon, Sociology @ Universite Paul Valery, Montpelier, France, “Charlie Hebdo, Free Speech and Counter-Speech”, http://www.socresonline.org.uk/20/3/3.html) 9 +In both French and Anglo-Saxon contexts, however, the concepts of 'freedom 10 +AND 11 +, above and beyond those of an individual, in a multicultural society. 12 +Free speech is impossible in a capitalist environment—the right to free speech hinders on social relations and economic status; all means of expression assume socioeconomic means that the aff glosses over. 13 +Morley 15 (Our Cherished Freedom of Speech Myth Written by Daniel MorleyFriday, 20 February 2015 http://www.marxist.com/our-cherished-freedom-of-speech-myth.htm) 14 +As Lenin succinctly summed up, 15 +AND 16 + fight for real freedom of expression! 17 +The affirmative’s call to a ‘marketplace of ideas’ where progress is made is a ruse—Privileged perspectives always win out. That is terminal defense on their solvency claims—counterspeech can solve nothing unless we strip the system apart. 18 +Beijer ’16 (Carl Beijer Friday, May 6, 2016 Three critiques of liberal discourse http://www.carlbeijer.com/2016/05/three-critiques-of-liberal-discourse.html) 19 +The discourse is controlled by capital. Barack Obama, in The Audacity of Hope 20 +AND 21 +and turn off the megaphones. Everything else is shouting into a fugue. 22 +Capitalism causes extinction from resource over-use, only alternative can solve. 23 +Ahmed 14 - Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, and taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex (2014, Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, The Guardian, “Scientists vindicate 'Limits to Growth' – urge investment in 'circular economy'”, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2014/jun/04/scientists-limits-to-growth-vindicated-investment-transition-circular-economy // SM) 24 +According to a new peer-reviewed scientific report, industrial civilisation is likely to 25 +AND 26 +production, and with all that, very different types of social structures. 27 + 28 + 29 + In the absence of a major technological breakthrough in clean energy production such as 30 +AND 31 +fossil fuels has declined so much that we have nothing left to invest." 32 +Fourth, the alternative is the rise of an environmental working class that breaks down hegemonic structures and capitalism. Foster ‘13 33 +Foster 13 – John Bellamy Foster, Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Editor of the Monthly Review, holds a Ph.D. from York University, 2013 (“The Epochal Crisis,” Monthly Review, Volume 65, Issue 05 (October), Accessed on 7/18/2014 from http://monthlyreview.org/2013/10/01/epochal-crisis) 34 +It is an indication of the sheer enormity of the historical challenge confronting humanity in 35 +AND 36 +humanity thus rests as never before on the revolutionary struggle of humanity itself. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,12 @@ 1 +Since ought implies moral obligation, I value morality, which presupposes inclusion since it assumes equal worth and B) since only inclusion can promote compliance. Morality has to guide action; if ethics aren’t grounded in action, then they lose their prescriptive value, destroying morality. 2 +Structural violence is based in moral exclusion; it allows one group to become invisible. 3 +Winter and Leighton 99 Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter is a professor of psychology at Whitman College. Leighton is an assistant professor of psychology at Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century.” Page 4-5 4 +She argues that our normal perceptual cognitive processes divide people into in-groups and 5 +AND 6 +local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace. 7 +Thus, the standard is decreasing structural violence. 8 +Prefer since this is a constraint on all theories; if a theory excludes others, then their starting point is flawed. Their analysis of the world will be inaccurate, and if the first premise is flawed, then the conclusion can’t be true. 9 +GUENTHER 12 Lisa Guenther, The Living Death of Solitary Confinement, The Opinion Pages, The Stone, NYT, Aug 26, 2012 10 +Deprived of everyday encounters with other people, and cut off from an open- 11 +AND 12 +and to lend their own unique perspective to creating meaning in the world. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,21 @@ 1 +CP Text: Public colleges and universities ought to ban handguns on campus and not restrict any other constitutionally protected speech – Kautzer is the solvency advocate 2 +Campus Carry qualifies explicitly under the courts definition of constitutionally protected speech because it conveys a clear message 3 +Blanchfield 14’ 4 +“What do Guns Say?” - The New York Times May 4 2014 - Patrick Blanchfield is a freelance writer with at a PhD in Comparative Literature from Emory University, and has completed four years of coursework in psychoanalytic theory and clinical practice at the Emory Psychoanalytic Institute. He does critical writing on US culture, gun violence and politics //AC 5 + 6 +Earlier this month, in Bunkerville, Nev., representatives of the Bureau of Land 7 +AND 8 +one such event told reporters. “But that’s not going to happen.” 9 + 10 +Campus carry is associated with increasing rates of assault, aggressiveness, a chilling effect, and permit background checks don’t check 11 +PHW 14 (Public Health Watch 14, https://publichealthwatch.wordpress.com/2014/03/10/point-blank-guns-dont-belong-on-college-campuses-heres-why/, EmmieeM) 12 +In the wake of tragic shootings at Virginia Tech and Northern Illinois University, a 13 +AND 14 +to the detriment of the students, universities and ultimately, the nation. 15 +Guns on campus kill free exchange of ideas~-~-its antithetical to academic dialogue when you’re in fear of someone pulling out a gun over a difference of opinion. 16 +PHW 14’ 17 + "Point Blank: Guns Don’t Belong On College Campuses – Here’s Why,” by publichealthwatch, blogger and pHD candidate, March 10, 2014. https://publichealthwatch.wordpress.com/2014/03/10/point-blank-guns-dont-belong-on-college-campuses-heres-why/ //AC 18 + 19 +In order to foster a healthy learning environment at America’s colleges 20 +AND 21 +you think regular citizens should be allowed to bring their guns onto college campuses?” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,17 @@ 1 +State cuts have led tuition to spike harming the ability to students to enter college, especially those who come from low income backgrounds or are people of color – The impact is a blow to the national economy because a college degree is a crucial internal link to working in a skilled job, decreasing health care costs, and bringing greater wealth to local communities 2 +Mitchell et al 16 (Report published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; authors were Michael Mitchell (State Budget and Tax), Michael Leachman (State Budget and Tax), and Kathleen Masterson, “Funding Down, Tuition Up: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Quality and Affordability at Public Colleges”, http://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/funding-down-tuition-up, EmmieeM) 3 +Years of cuts in state funding for public colleges and universities have driven up tuition 4 +AND 5 +the start of the recession will make it more difficult to achieve those goals 6 + 7 +There’s a contradiction within government policy ~-~-- restricting free speech may be unconstitutional, but not doing so causes public colleges to lose federal funding under Title IX 8 +Bernstein 3 (David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, “You Can’t Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws”, “Censoring Campus Speech”, https://books.google.com/books?id=zU2QAAAAQBAJandpg=PA60andlpg=PA60anddq=public+colleges+could+lose+funding+if+they+allow+for+racistsandsource=blandots=W67N5E3bznandsig=xXeBW8YaTy_Ilb34MIbu-grciy4andhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiBoqTkn_nQAhVBjFQKHcc7CIkQ6AEITDAI#v=onepageandq=public20colleges20could20lose20funding20if20they20allow20for20racistsandf=false, pg. 60-61, EmmieeM) 9 +Given these constitutional barriers, public university speech codes were on the way out until the federal Department of Education revived them in 1994. Male students at Santa Rosa Community College had posted anatomically explicit and sexually derogatory remarks about two female students in a discussion group hosted by the college’s computer network. Several aggrieved students filed a complaint against the college with the DOE’s Office for Civil Rights. The DOE found that the messages probably created a hostile educational environment on the basis of sex for one of the students. University toleration of such offensive speech, the government added, would violate Title IX, the law banning discrimination against women by education institutions that receive federal funding. Under this standard, to avoid losing federal funds, universities must proactively ban offensive speech by students and diligently punish any violations of that ban. The DOE failed to explain how its rule was consistent with the First Amendment. Speech codes enacted by public universities clearly violate the First Amendment even if the codes are enacted in response to the demands of the DOE, so requiring public universities to enact speech codes or forfeit public funds would obviously be unconstitutional. Nevertheless, facing this choice, public university officials have ignored the First Amendment issue and complied with DOE guidelines. Although a few schools may truly be concerned about the potential loss of federal funding, the prevailing attitude among university officials seems to be that the DOE’s Santa Rosa decision provides a ready excuse to indulge their preference for speech codes. University officials implicitly reason that if the DOE can get away with ignoring the First Amendment, then so can they. Unfortunately, they may be right. 10 + 11 +Federal funding is used to maintain financial aid resources and colleges are only growing more dependent on it as state funding goes down 12 +Pew 15 (The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, “Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape”, http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education, EmmieeM) 13 +States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but changes in recent years have resulted in their contributions being more equal than at any time in at least the previous two decades. Historically, states have provided a far greater amount of assistance to postsecondary institutions and students; 65 percent more than the federal government on average from 1987 to 2012. But this difference narrowed dramatically in recent years, particularly since the Great Recession, as state spending declined and federal investments grew sharply, largely driven by increases in the Pell Grant program, a need-based financial aid program that is the biggest component of federal higher education spending. Although their funding streams for higher education are now comparable in size and have some overlapping policy goals, such as increasing access for students and supporting research, federal and state governments channel resources into the system in different ways. The federal government mainly provides financial assistance to individual students and specific research projects, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions. 14 + 15 +College credentials are crucial to social mobility and national economic growth – affects everything from health insurance to better marriages to lower unemployment rates 16 +White House 14 (Report by the Executive Office of the President, “Increasing College Opportunity for Low-Income Students: Promising Models and a Call to Action”, pgs. 10 – 11, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/white_house_report_on_increasing_college_opportunity_for_low-income_students_1-16-2014_final.pdf, EmmieeM) 17 +The benefits of postsecondary education are well documented and have major implications for economic growth, equality, and social mobility. Getting a postsecondary credential leads to greater lifetime earnings, lower unemployment, and lower poverty. Over the course of one’s working lifetime, the median earnings of bachelor’s degree recipients are 65 percent higher than median earnings of high-school graduates. 30 College graduates are also more likely to find a job; the unemployment rate for bachelor’s degree recipients is half the unemployment rate of high school graduates – and this gap grew during the Great Recession, which hit lowwage, low-education workers especially hard.31 Gaining a postsecondary education has positive effects beyond higher earnings. Individuals with higher education levels are more likely have retirement benefits and health insurance through their employer.32 Education also leads to better decision making about health, marriage, and parenting; improves patience; and makes people more goal-oriented.33 College access and attainment also leads to positive externalities and benefits to taxpayers by reducing crime and the need for social services, and increasing taxes paid and civic engagement.34 Importantly, the returns to higher education have increased over time as the demand for college-educated workers has outpaced the number of students getting a college education.35 Over the past four decades, the median earnings gap for full-time workers aged 25-34 with and without a college degree increased substantially for women and more than doubled for men; from 1971 to 2011 the earnings premium for men increased from 25 percent to 69 percent.36 Likewise, the earnings gap between those with and without a college degree increases as workers age.37 In response to the growing earnings gap between those with and without postsecondary education, a report from the Pew Economic Mobility Project remarked that, “unless something is done to boost the number of young people earning postsecondary credentials, millions of Americans will continue to be limited in their economic mobility.”38 Without a college degree, children born in the lowest fifth of the income distribution children have a 45 percent chance of staying in the bottom, and just a 5 percent chance of moving to the top Figure 1. Yet when these same children go on to earn a college degree, their chances of making it to the top nearly quadruple, and their chances of moving out of the bottom increase by 50 percent.39 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-18 18:53:58.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Erik Legried - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake SC - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +35 - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Team
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - DA - Title IX Short - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,43 @@ 1 +The USFG is reliant on government-funded university research for national defense developments, but 9/11 and the Anthrax attacks proves those are vulnerable to terrorist cooption, absent censorship which violates the First Amendment. 2 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 113 – 115, EmmieeM) 3 +Breakthrough science can lead both to great good and to great evil. The September 4 +AND 5 +is it clear when particular information “pertains” to a research contract. 6 +This speech is constitutionally protected, especially in a college setting – the AFF would allow for information exchange about “sensitive but unclassified” research 7 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 155 – 156, EmmieeM) 8 +The university plays a special role in preserving and promoting speech free of government influence 9 +AND 10 +The special role of the university thus must weigh in the constitutional balance. 11 +Restrictions on this speech are crucial to prevent bioterror from modified viruses 12 +Knezo 6 (Genevieve J. Knezo – Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division + this is a CRS Report for Congress, pgs. 36 – 53, “Controls on Unclassified Biological Research Information”, “’Sensitive But Unclassified’ Information and Other Controls: Policy and Options for Scientific and Technical Information”, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/RL33303.pdf, EmmieeM) 13 +Traditionally, open communication of biological information fosters the conduct of research and development. 14 +AND 15 +involve foreign nationals in any research project without obtaining a government license.227 16 +Biowarfare leads to extinction and is the biggest existential threat facing humanity – technological increase checks empirics and generic defense 17 +Smart 4 (John Smart – President of the Institute for the Study of Accelerating Change. 2004 18 +Genetically modified pathogen (GMP) Policy, August 03) 19 +It is possible that with the mobilization of massive logistical resources around the planet, 20 +AND 21 +of danger has been estimated to be anywhere from 30 to 50.” 22 +Absent secrecy, certain cooperative research efforts would be impossible 23 +Downs 4 (DA Downs – The Independent Institute, Oakland and The University of Wiscosin, Madison, “Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus”, pg. xvi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf , EmmieeM) 24 +Although this book stresses the threats to academic and intellectual freedom posed by speech codes 25 +AND 26 +such gag orders poses a challenge to the idea of an open university. 27 +Continued government funding and support is critical for continued university research programs, which is the lynchpin of innovation and competitiveness 28 +NSB no date (National Science Board, “Research and Development: Essential Foundation For U.S. Competitiveness in a Global Economy”, “Global Competition in Science and Technology: A Strong National Response Required”, https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0803/start.htm, EmmieeM) 29 +Innovation is a key to economic competitiveness and the technological breakthroughs that improve our lives 30 +AND 31 +is imperative that patterns and trends of RandD investments be monitored. 32 +Competitiveness is key to US dominance – we need to keep innovating faster to ensure economic prosperity and hegemony 33 +Segal 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations 34 +Adam, Foreign Affairs, “Is America Losing Its Edge?” November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html 35 +The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new 36 +AND 37 +, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home. 38 +Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in – that causes your heg bad impacts so it’s try or die for the AFF 39 +Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 (“The Economy and National Security,” National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011) 40 + 41 +Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to 42 +AND 43 +leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-19 19:43:26.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Nick Steele - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Brentwood LR - ParentRound
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +36 - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Team
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - DA - SBU - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,3 @@ 1 +A is the Counterplan text: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech for professors, especially in regard to academic freedom. I do not advocate for the removal of any other restrictions on constitutionally protected speech in the status quo. 2 + 3 +Net Benefits were the hate speech DA, handgun DA, and Title IX which are all disclosed on the wiki. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-20 16:54:32.0 - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark BA - ParentRound
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +37 - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - Team
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - CP - Professors - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
- Caselist.CitesClass[53]
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,43 @@ 1 +Recognizing that the epistemology of capitalism manipulates our understanding of policy is a pre-condition to evaluating the resolution through moral frameworks. 2 +Marsh 95 (Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, PhD from Northwestern University (James, Critique Action and Liberation, p 331-2) 3 +Is it reasonable, therefore, even to talk about the possibility of a socialism 4 +AND 5 +move on. Recent events in eastern Europe only confirm such a judgment. 6 +Class must be foregrounded – intersectionality placing race on an equal plane precludes the fundamental nature of class relations as the primary power relation deterministic of all other sources of oppression – the combination waters down the alt and makes it entirely ineffectual. 7 +Gimenez 1 (Prof. Sociology at UC Boulder) Martha, “Marxism and Class; Gender and Race”, Race, Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online: http://www.colorado.edu/Sociology/gimenez/work/cgr.html 8 +There are many competing theories of race, gender, class, American society, 9 +AND 10 +from gender and race and cannot be considered just another system of oppression. 11 + 12 + 13 + As Eagleton points out, whereas racism and sexism are unremittingly bad, class 14 +AND 15 +what happens in social interactions grounded in "intersectionality" is class power. 16 +Neoliberalism structures academic freedom in the status quo. It sets limits on what is acceptable behavior to quell dissent and any faculty truly radical enough to challenge corporate hegemony are tossed out before they can pose a real threat. 17 +Chatterjee and Maira 14 (Chatterjee, Piya, and Sunaina Maira. "The Imperial University: race, war, and the nation-state." The imperial university: Academic repression and scholarly dissent (2014): 1-50.) 18 +Our geopolitical positions—of our immediate workplaces as well as trans- national work 19 +AND 20 +of labor and survival within the U.S. university system.11 21 +Our critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the affs single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics neolib wants us to engage in so the root cause to go unquestioned. 22 +Farbod 15 (Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) 23 +Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises 24 +AND 25 +enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. 26 +The ballot represents a choice between competing visions of social change – The debate round represents competing strategies for social change: the question is not who does the alt or plan, but of a world without capitalism vs. the affirmative. Agency questions are irrelevant—we don’t have to win the alternative spills over, just that rejection in this round is comparatively better than the aff—any other evaluation makes no sense because the judge isn’t in a position to do the aff either. Critiquing assumptions is the best way to leverage change. 27 +Reinsborough, 03 (Organizer, Rainforest Action Network and Wake Up America Campaign) 03 (Journal of Aesthetics and Protest, August 2003, Volume 1, Issue 2, Patrick). 28 + 29 +Direct action— actions that either symbolically or directly shift power relations— is an 30 +AND 31 +find the rumors that start revolutions and ask the questions that topple empires. 32 +Only a focus that situates class at the center of both theoretical analysis and political struggle can resolve the root cause of anti-blackness. 33 +Lance Selfa 10. Editor of and contributor to International Socialist Review, quoting Eric Williams, D.Phil from Oxford, first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, “The roots of racism,” http://socialistworker.org/2010/10/21/the-roots-of-racism. 34 + 35 +Racism is a particular form of oppression. It stems from discrimination against a group 36 +AND 37 +Indians resisted being forced to work, and they escaped into the surrounding area 38 + 39 +, which, after all, they knew far better than the English. One 40 +AND 41 +abolish racism's chief source~-~-capitalism~-~-and build a new socialist society. 42 +K takes out AFF solvency – students are too scared to speak out because they fear they won’t get research funding or financial aid and professors won’t speak out because they’re scared of being passed up for tenure or a promotion, which means that (A) you can’t access any form of protest, especially for people of color because they face the most backlash for saying controversial things and their protest goes against white academia (B) the only mindset we adopt is the dominant, elite one, which prevents minority subjects from achieving recognition and continues their oppression. 43 +Alt resolves the AFF impacts – Capitalism makes resolving black oppression impossible, which means the K must be a pre-requisite. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-08 20:20:41.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Arjun Tambe - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark DA - ParentRound
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +38 - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Team
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - K - Cap v Race - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA
- Caselist.CitesClass[54]
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,26 @@ 1 +The USFG is reliant on government-funded university research for national defense developments, but 9/11 and the Anthrax attacks proves those are vulnerable to terrorist cooption, absent censorship which violates the First Amendment. 2 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 113 – 115, EmmieeM) 3 +Breakthrough science can lead both to great good and to great evil. The September 4 +AND 5 +is it clear when particular information “pertains” to a research contract. 6 +This speech is constitutionally protected, especially in a college setting – the AFF would allow for information exchange about “sensitive but unclassified” research 7 +Jacobs 5 (Leslie Gielow Jacobs – Professor of Law at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, “A Troubling Equation in Contracts for Government Funded Scientific Research: “Sensitive But Unclassified” = Secret But Unconstitutional”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_JACOBS_REPLACEMENT_PAGES.pdf, pgs. 155 – 156, EmmieeM) 8 +The university plays a special role in preserving and promoting speech free of government influence 9 +AND 10 +The special role of the university thus must weigh in the constitutional balance. 11 +Restrictions on this speech are crucial to prevent bioterror from modified viruses 12 +Knezo 6 (Genevieve J. Knezo – Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division + this is a CRS Report for Congress, pgs. 36 – 53, “Controls on Unclassified Biological Research Information”, “’Sensitive But Unclassified’ Information and Other Controls: Policy and Options for Scientific and Technical Information”, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/RL33303.pdf, EmmieeM) 13 +Traditionally, open communication of biological information fosters the conduct of research and development. 14 +AND 15 +new bioweapons, perhaps even selectively targeting certain racial or ethnic groups.”16 16 + 17 + 18 +0 To deal with concerns like these, some types of biological sciences information have 19 +AND 20 +involve foreign nationals in any research project without obtaining a government license.227 21 +Biowarfare leads to extinction and is the biggest existential threat facing humanity – technological increase checks empirics and generic defense 22 +Smart 4 (John Smart – President of the Institute for the Study of Accelerating Change. 2004 23 +Genetically modified pathogen (GMP) Policy, August 03) 24 +It is possible that with the mobilization of massive logistical resources around the planet, 25 +AND 26 +of danger has been estimated to be anywhere from 30 to 50.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-08 20:20:42.742 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Arjun Tambe - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark DA - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +38 - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harker Malyugina Neg - Title
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JF - DA - SBU Short - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA
- Caselist.RoundClass[31]
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +43,44 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-05 02:51:57.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Calen Smith - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Quarry Lane SK - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +45 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-05 02:58:19.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Matthew Leuvano - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake JN - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +46 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-06 22:18:25.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Donald Fagan, Sarah Sherwood, Adam Torson - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake AM - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Quarters - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +47 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-11 16:41:07.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Donald Fagan, Sarah Sherwood, Sean Fee - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Dougherty CS - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Semis - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Golden Desert
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +48,49,50 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-18 18:53:53.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Erik Legried - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake SC - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +51 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-19 19:43:23.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Nick Steele - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Brentwood LR - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +52 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-20 16:54:29.0 - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark BA - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Berkeley
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- EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-08 20:20:39.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Arjun Tambe - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark DA - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NDCA