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+===Part One- Framework=== |
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+====I value justice. |
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+Structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is not based on dessert but rather on arbitrarily perceived differences.==== |
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+Susan Opotow 01 Susan Opotow is a social and organizational psychologist. Her work examines the intersection of conflict, justice, and identity as they give rise to moral exclusion ~-~- seeing others as outside the scope of justice and as eligible targets of discrimination, exploitation, hate, or violence. She studies moral exclusion and moral inclusion in such everyday contexts as schooling, environmental and public policy conflict, and in more violent contexts, such as deadly wars and the post-war period. She has guest edited The Journal of Social Issues and Social Justice Research and co-edited Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature (MIT Press, 2003). She is associate editor of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology and Past President of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, “Social Injustice”, Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Centuryl Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001, BE |
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+Both structural and direct violence results from moral justifications and rationalizations. |
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+AND |
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+oneself or one’s group at the expense of others (Tajfel, 1982). |
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+====The assumption that white people will change how they act is an unrealistic ideal that hinders conceptions of actual conditions of racism==== |
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+Curry ’13 (Dr. Tommy J., 2013. ,Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas A and M University, “In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical.” Academia.Edu, Working Draft, Cited with Permission from the Author) |
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+The potentiality of whiteness—the proleptic call of white anti-racist consciousness— |
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+AND |
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+society and seeks like their colonial foreparents to claim them as their own. |
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+====Thus, the standard is reducing structural violence.==== |
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+===Part Two: Speech Codes=== |
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+====Speech codes are failed policies founded on good intentions, but the naivete of speech codes is that they rest their faith in institutions that are inherently anti-black==== |
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+Henry Louis Gates 94, Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University, “War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment”, in Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, New York University Press, 1994. RFK |
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+One other paradox fissures the hate speech movement. Because these scholars wish to show |
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+AND |
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+The contemporary aim is not to resist power, but to enlist power. |
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+====The anti-black implementation of speech codes manifests itself in several ways. |
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+A The evidence shows that minorities get persecuted, not white people–Great Britain’ censorship and the Michigan speech codes prove==== |
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+Strossen ’90 (Nadine, June 1990, president of the American Civil Liberties Union from February 1991 to October 2008, John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law at New York Law School., “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?”, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1990, No. 3, Frontiers of Legal Thought II. The New First Amendment (Jun., 1990), pp. 484-573, Duke University School of Law, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1372555~-~-ghs//sk) |
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+First, there is no persuasive psychological evidence that punishment for name- calling changes |
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+AND |
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+far more problems of equality and enforceability than it would solve.387 ¶ |
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+====AND- Reverse enforcement is especially likely in the case of black youth–their activism is perceived as hostile and militant and more likely to be classified as “fighting words”–only the aff prevents white fragility from silencing black protest==== |
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+Charles R. Calleros 95 Professor of Law at Arizona State University, “Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes: A Reply to Delgado and Yun,” 27 Ariz. St. L.J. 1249, 1995. RFK |
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+The second "paternalistic objection," that "antiracism rules will end up |
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+AND |
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+to view the mural critically and test the speakers' interpretations with their own. |
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+====B Policing hate speech doesn’t scrub out racism at its roots–rather it exacerbates racial tensions, create backlash, and make racism harder to grapple with by driving it under ground—we should let the true racists speak so that we know who they are==== |
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+Herron ’94 (Vince, Jan 1994, runs a law firm, University of California, Los Angeles B.A., Economics, USC Gould School of Law JD, Law, “Notes: INCREASING THE SPEECH: DIVERSITY, CAMPUS SPEECH CODES, AND THE PURSUIT OF TRUTH”, 67 S. Cal. L. Rev. 407 1993-1994, Georgetown Law Library, Hein Online~-~-ghs//sk) |
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+SPEECH CODES MAY EXACERBATE THE VERY TENSIONS THEY SEEK TO ALLEVIATE Some will argue that |
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+AND |
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+originally led to these injuries and hinders the continued fight against those ideologies. |
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+====C Speech codes glorify white supremacists by handing them a cross to hang themselves on by pitting them against government censorship==== |
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+Strossen ’90 (Nadine, June 1990, president of the American Civil Liberties Union from February 1991 to October 2008, John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law at New York Law School., “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?”, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1990, No. 3, Frontiers of Legal Thought II. The New First Amendment (Jun., 1990), pp. 484-573, Duke University School of Law, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1372555~-~-ghs//sk) |
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+A second reason why censorship of racist speech actually may sub- vert, rather |
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+AND |
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+it ex- presses.392 The British experience confirms this prediction.393 |
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+====White nationalist Richard Spencer proves–in a speech at Texas AandM he said he knew he was going to lead a persecuted life, and his arrest in Hungary turned him into an alt-right hero and spreads the movement==== |
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+Martin Gelin 14, Slate, “While Flight,” 13 November 2014, Slate.com. RFK |
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+Spencer spent the next three days in a Budapest jail, which he didn’t seem |
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+AND |
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+American white supremacists connect with Europe’s far-right groups than anything else. |
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+ |
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+===Part Three: Let Them Talk=== |
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+====My advocacy is that: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. Silencing racists just drives their movement underground and makes them look like heroes. Rather, in the words of Henry Louis Gates, we should let them talk. |
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+Several benefits: |
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+A If we let racists talk NOW, it strengthens civil liberty protections for marginalized groups in the future–the ACLU Skokie case proves==== |
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+Henry Louis Gates 94, Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University, “War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment”, in Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, New York University Press, 1994. RFK |
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+The critique of neutrality would affect not simply how we draft our ordinances, but |
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+AND |
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+have effects far beyond the classic triad of deterrence, reform and retribution. |
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+====B Historically free speech has been far more important for racial equality movements than hate speech regulation–that’s what we must focus on protecting==== |
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+Strossen ’90 (Nadine, June 1990, president of the American Civil Liberties Union from February 1991 to October 2008, John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law at New York Law School., “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?”, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1990, No. 3, Frontiers of Legal Thought II. The New First Amendment (Jun., 1990), pp. 484-573, Duke University School of Law, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1372555~-~-ghs//sk) |
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+It is particularly important to devise anti-racism strategies consistent with the first amendment |
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+AND |
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+theme of more than rhetorical significance in egalitarian such as the women's movement. |
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+====C Letting the racists expose themselves allows for COUNTERSPEECH which spurs reform and activism – grassroots movements unite under counterspeech and expose moral bankruptcy – only public engagement empowers communities and constructs active solutions==== |
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+Charles R. Calleros 95 Professor of Law at Arizona State University, “Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes: A Reply to Delgado and Yun,” 27 Ariz. St. L.J. 1249, 1280 (1995), ghs//BZ |
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+Delgado and Yun characterize these arguments as "paternalistic" and "seriously flawed. |
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+AND |
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+likely would feel pressures to maintain its status as a minimally integrated institution. |
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+====The critical race theory attack on content specificity turns into a useless paradox==== |
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+Henry Louis Gates 94, Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University, “War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment”, in Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, New York University Press, 1994. RFK |
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+At the very least, this approach would promise a quick solution to the abuse |
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+AND |
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+plentiful supply; the policeman's grandmother will offer poignant firsthand testimony to that. |