Changes for page Grapevine PateI Neg

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1 -I negate the resolution Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
2 -Hate speech is protected on Public campuses, as there is virtually no restriction on detrimental speech towards others
3 -**McGough**, Michael. "Sorry, Kids, The 1St Amendment Does Protect 'Hate Speech'". latimes.com. N. p., **2015**. Web. 30 Dec. 2016.
4 -When the editor-in-chief of the student newspaper at Williams College recanted
5 -AND
6 -policies on speech have nothing to do with "legally recognized hate speech.")
7 -Value morality
8 -Standard minimizing structural violence
9 -Prefer for 2 additional reasons:
10 -
11 -1. Before evaluating other theories, we must understand structural violence and oppression in order to include everyone in any ethical theory.
12 -Winter and Leighton 99 ~|Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter~|~~Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and ustice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice~~ "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Pg 4-5 ghs//VA
13 -Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
14 -AND
15 -local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.
16 -
17 -2. Structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is not based on dessert but rather on arbitrarily perceived differences.
18 -Susan Opotow 01 ~~Susan Opotow is a social and organizational psychologist. Her work examines the intersection of conflict, justice, and identity as they give rise to moral exclusion — seeing others as outside the scope of justice and as eligible targets of discrimination, exploitation, hate, or violence. Sh e studies moral exclusion and moral inclusion in such everyday contexts as schooling, environmental and public policy conflict, and in more violent contexts, such as deadly wars and the post-war period. She has guest edited The Journal of Social Issues and Social Justice Research and co-edited Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature (MIT Press, 2003). She is associate editor of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology and Past President of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues~~, "Social Injustice", Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Centuryl Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001, BE
19 -Both structural and direct violence result~~s~~ from moral justifications and rationalizations.
20 -AND
21 -oneself or one's group at the expense of others (Tajfel, 1982).
22 -
23 -
24 -CP
25 -
26 -
27 -Text: The United States ought to establish that hate speech is harmful to its targets and subsequently ban it from public colleges and Universities
28 -
29 -
30 -Banning Hate Speech only makes sense in context of how it affects others in society.
31 -**Simpson**, Robert. "Dignity, Harm, And Hate Speech." Law and Philosophy. November 01, 2013. Web. December 05, **2016**.
32 -So far as this is our situation, I believe the way forward is to
33 -AND
34 -into view until we establish that hate speech is harmful to its targets.
35 -
36 -
37 -US is behind other countries on limiting hate speech. International contracts also support it.
38 -**McConnell**, Michael. "You Cant Say That." New York Times. June 22, 2012. Web. December 05, 2016.
39 -The United States is almost alone among Western liberal democracies in not punishing what is
40 -AND
41 -That case would almost certainly have come out differently in other liberal democracies.
42 -
43 -Hate speech and actions are rampant on college campuses, anti semetic and title IX issues show.
44 -**COTJ **. "FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTIONS ON PUBLIC COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES." Serial No. 114–31. June 02, 2014. Web. December 07, 2016.
45 -According to the National Demographic Survey of American Jewish College Students conducted by researchers at
46 -AND
47 -reporting such discrimination at the least diverse schools. Great support for public education
48 -
49 -
50 -Mutually exclusive: the Aff is bound by the resolution to not restrict free speech, thus they can't perm into an advocacy that bans a particular speech.
51 -
52 -Net Benefits:
53 -
54 -
55 -Banning hate speech will lead to less tensions between racial groups
56 -Dennis **Chong**, ~~Northwestern University, Department of Political Science~~, "Free Speech and Multiculturalism in and out of the Academy," Political Psychology, Vol. 27, **2006**.
57 -The decline in tolerance of racist expression corresponds to the diffusion of multicultural ideas among
58 -AND
59 -1980s, when campuses across the country took measures to regulate hate speech.
60 -
61 -The hate speech ban on college campuses will maximize educational equality. Racist free speech denies equality of education for students of color. Jill Gordon ~~Professor of Philosophy, Colby College~~, and Markus Johnson ~~Colby College~~, "Race, Speech, and a Hostile Education Environment: What Color is Free Speech?" Journal of Social Philosophy, Vol. 34, No. 3, Fall 2003.
62 -The grievousness of being denied equality of education is magnified by the fact that courts
63 -AND
64 -, namely, the proscription of such harassment, not the toleration thereof.
65 -
66 -Speech codes are successful and protect diversity and education.
67 -Richard **Delgado** ~~Charles Inglis Thomson Professor of Law, University of Colorado~~ and David Yun ~~JD, University of Colorado~~, "The Neo-conservative Case Against HateSpeech Regulation- Lively, D'souza, Gates, Carter, and the Toughlove Crowd,"
68 -Moreover, success is more possible than the toughlove crowd would like to acknowledge.
69 -AND
70 -The same may well continue to happen with the hate-speech movement.
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1 -These are all of my broken positions. If you have any questions, my email is rkp4220@gmail.com
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1 -==Links ==
2 -
3 -
4 -====Colleges have been historically rooted in white supremacy====
5 -Harris, Leslie 2015. "The Long, Ugly History Of Racism At American Universities". New Republic. N. p.,. Web. 10 Jan. 2017.
6 -In fact, colleges and universities historically have supported hierarchies of race and other forms
7 -AND
8 -, were supporters of slavery, and some were wealthy slave owners themselves.
9 -
10 -
11 -====White supremacy is deeply entrenched in the constitution inhibiting the achievement of equality for minorities====
12 -Marissa Jackson, 2009, Article: Neo-Colonialism, Same Old Racism: A Critical Analysis of the United States' Shift toward Colorblindness as a Tool for the Protection of the American Colonial Empire and White Supremacy, 11 Berkeley J. Afr.-Am. L. and Pol'y 156, 174-175
13 -Marshall's statements reflect a belief in the potential of American democracy to evolve. Colonialism
14 -AND
15 -is now hiding the nation's worst traits behind the shield of colorblindness.
16 -
17 -
18 -
19 -====When the arbitrary state, historically the oppressor, controls the legal means, the law is a direct source of oppression-====
20 -ARTICLE: lessons From Malcolm X: Freedom by Any Means Necessary, 38 How. L.J. 79, 91-93
21 -
22 -When the oppressor controls the legal means, law is a direct source of oppression. A legal system may formally embrace princi- ~~*92~~ ples of justice such as the equal protection of laws, due process, and fundamental civil rights and liberties, yet these formal notions of justice, do not assure that oppression against disfavored groups will cease to exist. If legal means remain in the oppressor's hands, particularly one with a historical record for perpetuating oppression, the formal legal system may not tell the whole story of oppression. Hence, in every situation, the critical question will be: who controls the legal means? This simple question may unravel the secrets of oppression.
23 -Most systems of government have three branches all of which are involved in the law
24 -AND
25 -the economic, social, and political means of oppression can be easily harnessed
26 -
27 -
28 -====Free speech is only a right for the privileged and is a tool to silence the oppressed. The aff only perpetuates this standard. ====
29 -Vidani, Peter. "ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH". The New Society. FEBRUARY 3, 2016. Web. 22 Jan. 2017.
30 -We, as a society, have a collective obligation to protect one another from
31 -AND
32 -our obligation to tear down the structures that allow harm to be perpetuated.
33 -
34 -
35 -==The impacts==
36 -
37 -
38 -====Unrestricted speech results in Silencing of minorities in the classroom====
39 -Margaret E. Montoya, Professor of Law, University of New Mexico School of Law, A.B. 1972, San Diego State University; J.D. 1978 Harvard Law School., 2009, ARTICLE:SILENCE AND SILENCING: THEIR CENTRIPETAL AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCES IN LEGAL COMMUNICATION, PEDAGOGY AND DISCOURSE, 33 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 263, 299-300
40 -Freire argued that schools supported the status quo by ignoring racism, sexism, the
41 -AND
42 --censoring, resulting in centripetal, or power-centering, effects.
43 -
44 -
45 -====By protecting speech, the aff glorifies the expression of racism and sexism. This speech justifies atrocities like oppression and murder====
46 -Vidani, Peter. "ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH". The New Society. FEBRUARY 3, 2016. Web. 22 Jan. 2017.
47 -The common ground that these rulings stand on is the idea that contemporary community standards
48 -AND
49 -And by that, we are implicit in the crimes associated with them.
50 -
51 -
52 -====Racism is the root cause of violence which they perpetuate====
53 -Foucault '76
54 -~~Michel, Society Must be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976, p. 254-257 Trans. David Macey~~
55 -What in fact is racism? It is primarily a way of introducing a break
56 -AND
57 -second half of the nineteenth century), except by activating the theme of racism
58 -
59 -
60 -==The alt==
61 -
62 -
63 -===Text: Public Colleges and Universities ought to restrict the speech for the oppressor and offer deference to the oppressed===
64 -
65 -
66 -====The constitution doesn't require neutrality in matters of equality, it requires to government to promote equality—we need an equality based free speech system in order to achieve equality====
67 -Shannon Gilreath, 2009, ARTICLE AND ESSAY: "TELL YOUR FAGGOT FRIEND HE OWES ME $ 500 FOR MY BROKEN HAND": THOUGHTS ON A SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY THEORY OF FREE SPEECH*, * The title of this Article is taken from the actual words of the murderer of a young Gay man, Sean Kennedy, spoken to one of Kennedy's friends, only minutes after the murder. For a fuller description of the crime, see infra notes 124-25 and accompanying text. , 44 Wake Forest L. Rev. 557, 607-611
68 -In fact, no speech case, before Beauharnais or since, has explicitly invoked
69 -AND
70 -and context. The next section of this Article takes up this important discussion
71 -
72 -
73 -====There must be reasonable regulation anti-identity and anti-equality speech in order to ever achieve equality====
74 -Shannon Gilreath, 2009, ARTICLE AND ESSAY: "TELL YOUR FAGGOT FRIEND HE OWES ME $ 500 FOR MY BROKEN HAND": THOUGHTS ON A SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY THEORY OF FREE SPEECH*, * The title of this Article is taken from the actual words of the murderer of a young Gay man, Sean Kennedy, spoken to one of Kennedy's friends, only minutes after the murder. For a fuller description of the crime, see infra notes 124-25 and accompanying text. , 44 Wake Forest L. Rev. 557, 607-611
75 -
76 -
77 -====It is because of this personal nature of my stake in the debate about speech and equality that I am keenly aware of Professor Michael Curtis's warning: "thoughtful arguments for revision ~~of the free speech norm~~ would recognize that departures from ~~the status quo~~ involve serious dangers and that exceptions need to be confined by tough, narrowly drawn, and very careful rules." I could not agree more. Because the speech authoritarians have won, however, it is hard to believe that the absolutist view of free speech they advocate is wrong or that thoughtful departures from the absolutist norm are possible. But a free speech system that allows reasonable regulation of anti-identity, anti-equality speech aimed at people who face systematic and systemic powerlessness and subordination in contravention of their constitutionally guaranteed (and compelling) interest in equality is exactly this sort of system: one in which both a commitment to free speech and a commitment to equality are respected. When the victims of anti-identity speech can finally assert human rights against devastating, victimizing speech, a rational understanding of the free speech norm will emerge, and Gay youth - thereby Gay women and men - will finally have a shot at a dignified place in their country. We will be closer to an America where everyone matters - not just the powerful. Equality may mean something after all.
78 -
79 -Silencing the silencer is the only way to give a voice to people of color====
80 -Alice K. Ma
81 -Alice K. Ma, A.B. 1989, Harvard and Radcliffe Colleges; J.D. candidate 1995, Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California, Berkeley. ,1995, COMMENT: Campus Hate Speech Codes: Affirmative Action in the Allocation of Speech Rights, 83 Calif. L. Rev. 693, 732
82 -
83 -Hate speech in colleges and universities is especially disheartening because campus communities are among
84 -AND
85 -and all walks of life. Most important, all must participate equally.
86 -
87 -
88 -====The aff solvency of counterspeech will only exacerbate the problem. We advocate for censorship for the sake of good, eliminating harmful ideas and addressing the root cause. The aff only ignores the root. ====
89 -Vidani, Peter. "ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH". The New Society. FEBRUARY 3, 2016. Web. 22 Jan. 2017.
90 -As previously detailed, the unrestricted right to free speech will ultimately give safe harbor
91 -AND
92 -, if we are to prevent harm, we must advocate for censorship.
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1 -Hate speech is protected on Public campuses, as there is virtually no restriction on detrimental speech towards others
2 -McGough, Michael. "Sorry, Kids, The 1St Amendment Does Protect 'Hate Speech'". latimes.com. N. p., 2015. Web. 30 Dec. 2016.
3 -When the editor-in-chief of the student newspaper at Williams College recanted
4 -AND
5 -policies on speech have nothing to do with "legally recognized hate speech.")
6 -
7 -
8 -The pain is felt by a massive amount of people, and it causes them to be marginalized and devalued as human beings
9 -Alison, Myhra. "The Hate Speech Conundrum And Public Schools." North Dakota Law Review. 1992. Web. December 07, 2016. http://repository.law.ttu.edu/handle/10601/632.
10 -The resurgence of intolerances has taken a variety of forms, from discriminatory conduct to
11 -AND
12 -memberships constitute a sufficient enough reason to deny equal treatment and opportunity.36
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1 -Sexism is a major problem on Public college and university campuses. Verbal sexual harassment reaffirms society's subjegation of the female body and perpetuates the patriarchy. As debaters, it is our duty to combat this societal ideal. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best liberation method for the oppressed.
2 -KATHARINE T. BARTLETT AND JEAN O'BARR scholarship.law.duke.edu. N. p. 1990. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
3 -Reports of the kind of outrageous, blatantly racist, sexist, or heterosexist events
4 -AND
5 -public telephone, or posters go up celebrating the massacre of Montreal feminists?
6 -
7 -
8 -You have an ethical responsibility to reject patriarchy—it leads to unjust domination. Thus the role of the judge is to endorse the best scholarship that leads to the deconstruction of the patriarchy
9 -Jhyette Nhanenge, 2007 (developmental Africa worker), 2007, Retrieved May 30, 2015 from http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/570/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1/ ns
10 -The two characteristics, which benefit in a racist and/or patriarchal society are
11 -AND
12 -even though, paradoxically, the system can only survive on irrational ideologies.
13 -
14 -
15 -Sexist hate speech has devastating consequences
16 -Snežana Samardžić-Marković1 February 2016 " Assessing The Impact Of Sexist Hate Speech – And What To Do About It". Blog.nohatespeechmovement.org. N. p., 2016. Web. 6 Jan. 2017.
17 -Sexist hate speech is closely linked to violence against women and girls. Women receive
18 -AND
19 -or even changing their name. In extreme cases, they commit suicide.
20 -
21 -
22 -Outside of those impacts, the sexist hate speech will always foster the continuation and growth of the patriarchy outside of the college campus
23 -Ebert 93 (Teresa, Professor of Humanities at the College of Arts and Sciences at the University at Albany who specializes in Critical and Cultural Theory, Feminist Critique, Marxist Theory and Globalization Theory, "Ludic Feminism, the Body, Performance, and Labor: Bringing 'Materialism' Back into Feminist Cultural Studies" https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1354189.pdf)//meb
24 -I would like to elaborate more specifically here on the two radically different notions of
25 -AND
26 -that feminist cultural studies can help bring about the nonexploit- ative future.
27 -
28 -
29 -alt: Public Colleges and Universities ought to impose a ban on sexist speech as the first step to remove the patriarchy
30 -
31 -
32 -The ban on sexist speech will prevent future sexism and start to dismantle the patriarchy
33 -Margarita Salas 10 June 2013 "The False Paradox: Freedom Of Expression And Sexist Hate Speech ~| Genderit.Org". Genderit.org. N. p., 2017. Web. 6 Jan. 2017.
34 -In contrast, feminist Dona Lilian argues that: "sexist speech is hate speech
35 -AND
36 -our part in putting a stop to this form of gender based violence.
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1 -=Polarization DA=
2 -
3 -
4 -====Republican Leadership will not pass AFF housing legislation ====
5 -NLIHC(National Low Income Housing Coalition). 11 Nov. 2016. "What Will President Trump Mean for Affordable Housing?." On the Home Front.. Web. 27 Feb. 2017. https://hfront.org/2016/11/11/what-will-president-trump-mean-for-affordable-housing/
6 -We expect that dismantling fair housing regulations will be at the top of Congress' and
7 -AND
8 -look to use funding for the HTF to plug holes in HUD's budget.
9 -
10 -
11 -====The AFF's welfare state creates increasing political polarization====
12 -Jeff Stonecash 24 Jan. 2014. "The two key factors behind our polarized politics." Washington Post.. Web. 27 Feb. 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/01/24/the-two-key-factors-behind-our-polarized-politics/
13 -The paramount debate in American politics is how much government should help individuals and who
14 -AND
15 -none of the precipitating conditions are likely to change in the near future.
16 -
17 -
18 -==== US polarization has devastating effects both domestically and internationally====
19 -Epstein and Graham 2007. Epstein, Diana and John D. Graham. Polarized Politics and Policy Consequences. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007. http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP197.html. Also available in print form.
20 -Among the negative consequences of polarization, legislative gridlock is one that is most commonly
21 -AND
22 -, where the gap averaged only 5 percentage points (Jacobson, 2007a).
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1 +I negate the resolution Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
2 +Definitions:
3 +To restrict is to confine or to place restrictions upon ~~Merriam-Webster~~
4 +Protected Speech
5 +Speech http://www.**uscourts.gov**/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/what-does
6 +All speech is considered constitutionally protected unless it falls within several limited exceptions. The
7 +AND
8 +is always a matter of context and the specific facts of the situation.
9 +**and **
10 +
11 +
12 +====Hate speech is protected on Public campuses, as there is virtually no restriction on detrimental speech towards others====
13 +**McGough**, Michael. "Sorry, Kids, The 1St Amendment Does Protect 'Hate Speech'". latimes.com. N. p., **2015**. Web. 30 Dec. 2016.
14 +When the editor-in-chief of the student newspaper at Williams College recanted
15 +AND
16 +policies on speech have nothing to do with “legally recognized hate speech.”)
17 +value morality
18 +**criterion is minimizing structural violence**.
19 +Prefer for 2 additional reasons:
20 +
21 +
22 +====1. Before evaluating other theories, we must understand structural violence and oppression in order to include everyone in any ethical theory. ====
23 +Winter and Leighton 99 ~|Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter~|~~Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and ustice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice~~ "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Pg 4-5 ghs//VA
24 +Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
25 +AND
26 +local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.
27 +
28 +
29 +====2. Structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is not based on dessert but rather on arbitrarily perceived differences.====
30 +Susan Opotow 01 ~~Susan Opotow is a social and organizational psychologist. Her work examines the intersection of conflict, justice, and identity as they give rise to moral exclusion — seeing others as outside the scope of justice and as eligible targets of discrimination, exploitation, hate, or violence. Sh e studies moral exclusion and moral inclusion in such everyday contexts as schooling, environmental and public policy conflict, and in more violent contexts, such as deadly wars and the post-war period. She has guest edited The Journal of Social Issues and Social Justice Research and co-edited Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature (MIT Press, 2003). She is associate editor of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology and Past President of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues~~, "Social Injustice", Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Centuryl Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001, BE
31 +Both structural and direct violence result~~s~~ from moral justifications and rationalizations.
32 +AND
33 +oneself or one's group at the expense of others (Tajfel, 1982).
34 +
35 +
36 +==CP Text: The United States ought to establish that hate speech is harmful to its targets and subsequently ban it from public colleges and Universities==
37 +
38 +
39 +====Banning Hate Speech only makes sense in context of how it affects others in society. ====
40 +**Simpson**, Robert. "Dignity, Harm, And Hate Speech." Law and Philosophy. November 01, 2013. Web. December 05, **2016**.
41 +So far as this is our situation, I believe the way forward is to
42 +AND
43 +into view until we establish that hate speech is harmful to its targets.
44 +
45 +
46 +====US is behind other countries on limiting hate speech. International contracts also support it.====
47 +**McConnell**, Michael. "You Cant Say That." New York Times. June 22, 2012. Web. December 05, 2016.
48 +The United States is almost alone among Western liberal democracies in not punishing what is
49 +AND
50 +That case would almost certainly have come out differently in other liberal democracies.
51 +
52 +
53 +====Hate speech and actions are rampant on college campuses, anti semetic and title IX issues show. ====
54 +**COTJ **. "FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTIONS ON PUBLIC COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES." Serial No. 114–31. June 02, 2014. Web. December 07, 2016.
55 +According to the National Demographic Survey of American Jewish College Students conducted by researchers at
56 +AND
57 +reporting such discrimination at the least diverse schools. Great support for public education
58 +
59 +
60 +===Mutually exclusive: the Aff is bound by the resolution to not restrict free speech, thus they can't perm into an advocacy that bans a particular speech. ===
61 +
62 +
63 +**===Net Benefits: ===**
64 +
65 +
66 +**====Banning hate speech will lead to less tensions between racial groups====**
67 +Dennis **Chong**, ~~Northwestern University, Department of Political Science~~, "Free Speech and Multiculturalism in and out of the Academy," Political Psychology, Vol. 27, **2006**.
68 +The decline in tolerance of racist expression corresponds to the diffusion of multicultural ideas among
69 +AND
70 +1980s, when campuses across the country took measures to regulate hate speech.
71 +
72 +
73 +====The hate speech ban on college campuses will maximize educational equality. Racist free speech denies equality of education for students of color. Jill Gordon ~~Professor of Philosophy, Colby College~~, and Markus Johnson ~~Colby College~~, "Race, Speech, and a Hostile Education Environment: What Color is Free Speech?" Journal of Social Philosophy, Vol. 34, No. 3, Fall 2003. ====
74 +The grievousness of being denied equality of education is magnified by the fact that courts
75 +AND
76 +, namely, the proscription of such harassment, not the toleration thereof.
77 +
78 +====Speech codes are successful and protect diversity and education. ====
79 +Richard **Delgado** ~~Charles Inglis Thomson Professor of Law, University of Colorado~~ and David Yun ~~JD, University of Colorado~~, "The Neo-conservative Case Against HateSpeech Regulation- Lively, D'souza, Gates, Carter, and the Toughlove Crowd,"
80 +Moreover, success is more possible than the toughlove crowd would like to acknowledge.
81 +AND
82 +The same may well continue to happen with the hate-speech movement.
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1 +Coppell
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1 +AC stop art censorship
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1 +Coppell

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