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1 -I affirm the resolution resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
2 -Definitions upon request…:
3 -Public colleges- U.S Legal, U.SLegal.com, https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/public-college/
4 -Public college means "any institution of higher education or any technical or vocational school above the secondary school level, provided that such public school or public college is operated by a State, subdivision of a State, or governmental agency within a State, or operated wholly or predominantly from or through the use of governmental funds or property, or funds or property derived from a governmental source."(42 USCS § 2000c)
5 -Constitutionally protected speech:
6 - I value morality. my criterion is reducing arbitrary hindrance of freedom.
7 -Prefer for 2 additional reasons:
8 -
9 -
10 -====1. Before evaluating other theories, we must understand structural violence and oppression in order to include everyone in any ethical theory. ====
11 -Winter and Leighton 99 ~|Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter~|~~Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and ustice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice~~ "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Pg 4-5 ghs//VA
12 -Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
13 -AND
14 -local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.
15 -
16 -
17 -====2. Structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is not based on dessert but rather on arbitrarily perceived differences.====
18 -Susan Opotow 01 ~~Susan Opotow is a social and organizational psychologist. Her work examines the intersection of conflict, justice, and identity as they give rise to moral exclusion — seeing others as outside the scope of justice and as eligible targets of discrimination, exploitation, hate, or violence. Sh e studies moral exclusion and moral inclusion in such everyday contexts as schooling, environmental and public policy conflict, and in more violent contexts, such as deadly wars and the post-war period. She has guest edited The Journal of Social Issues and Social Justice Research and co-edited Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature (MIT Press, 2003). She is associate editor of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology and Past President of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues~~, "Social Injustice", Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Centuryl Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001, BE
19 -Both structural and direct violence result~~s~~ from moral justifications and rationalizations.
20 -AND
21 -oneself or one's group at the expense of others (Tajfel, 1982).
22 -
23 -
24 -==Contention 1: Arbitrariness of speech restrictions==
25 -
26 -
27 -====There is no consistency on how hate speech is defined in bans around the world—it is impossible to define ====
28 -Malik, Kenan. "WHY HATE SPEECH SHOULD NOT BE BANNED". Pandaemonium. N. p., 2012. Web. 6 Jan. 2017. R.p
29 -In a sense, hate speech restriction has become a means not of addressing specific
30 -AND
31 -ideas illegitimate without bothering politically to challenge them. And that is dangerous.
32 -
33 -
34 -====Regulation of free speech in the UK leads to arbitrary power limiting civil discourse only causing more hatred and intoleration====
35 -Kuznicki, Jason. "Attack Of The Utility Monsters The New Threats To Free Speech." Policy Analysis. November 16, 2009. Web. Jan 5, 2017 http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5237A.pdf. Kuznicki facilitated many of the Cato Institute's international publishing and educational projects. He is editor of Cato Unbound, he earned a PhD at John Hopkins university
36 -The act's third section, however, declares that "A person who uses threatening
37 -AND
38 -how attempts to regulate objectionable speech just open the door to arbitrary power.
39 -
40 -
41 -====Arbitrariness in speech codes have a chilling effect====
42 -Juhan 12
43 -S. Cagle Juhan, ~~Law Clerk, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama~~, "Free Speech, Hate Speech, and the Hostile Speech Environment," Virginia Law Review Vol. 98, 2012.
44 -Paradoxically, then, the unconstitutionality of speech codes on free speech grounds has made
45 -AND
46 -they cannot be assured that they will not be punished for it.73
47 -
48 -
49 -==Contention 2: open and free contestation of ideas==
50 -
51 -
52 -====Colleges have historically been sites of open debate and contestation — this is key to diversity of thought and expanding people. ====
53 -Maloney, Jr., Cliff. "Colleges Have No Right To Limit Students' Free Speech." TIME . October 13, 2016. Web. December 07, 2016. http://time.com/4530197/college - free - speech - zone/.
54 - In grade school, I learned that debate is defined as "a discussion
55 -AND
56 -in the free market of ideas. But our students are being silenced.
57 -
58 -
59 -====Empirical examples (Valdosta State and University of Delaware) show how schools crush conversation and thus free exchange of ideas before they even occur====
60 -Trama, Zachary. "Keeping The Marketplace Of Ideas Open In Schools." Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. December 16, 2011. Web. December 05, 2016. https://www.thef ire.org/keeping - the - marketplace - of - ideas - open - in - schools/.
61 -When faced with this test, Valdosta State University failed. Hayden Barnes only wanted
62 -AND
63 -boundaries, and scholarship stayed inside the box. Exploratory thinking was discouraged.
64 -
65 -
66 -====Free speech is key to establish liberating tolerance which is key to having all voices heard. ====
67 -William, Bryant. "The Counterrevolutionary Campus: Herbert Marcuse And The Suppression Of Student Protest Movements: N." Routledge Taylor And Francis. September 14, 2016. Web. December 08, 2016. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07393148.2016.1228580?needAccess=tru e.
68 -Repressive tolerance is deployed to silence dissenters and prevent those who, by class position
69 -AND
70 -their voices heard, especially those that are speaking out against oppression and intolerance
71 -
72 -
73 -==Contention 3:civil discourse at universities==
74 -
75 -
76 -====Free speech zones are a way to silence citizen dialogue and halt the spread of ideas.====
77 - Herold, Joseph. "CAPTURING THE DIALOGUE: FREE SPEECH ZONES AND THE "CAGING" OF FIRST AMENDMENT RIG HTS." Drake Law Review. July 19, 2006. Web. December 06, 2016. https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andcad=rjaandua ct=8andved=0ahUKEwiQhfLQ_d_QAhXJr1QKHYT - C54QFggdMAAandurl=https3A2F2Flawreviewdrake.files.wordpress.com2F2015 2F062Fl rvol54 - 4_herrold.pdfandusg=AFQjCNGylF863ToNNnJAsBmTjyrfgHwh2Aandsig2=3y85rrM68Mj M9sxcdzeGfA.
78 -This Note has attempted to elucidate the issues associated with determining the constitutionality of regulatory
79 -AND
80 -protect citizens without doing harm to their First Amendment rights guaranteed by the Constitution
81 -
82 -
83 -====Violating free speech creates an imbalance in political power.====
84 - Kuznicki, Jason. "Attack Of The Utility Monsters The New Threats To Free Speech." Policy Analysis. November 16, 2009. Web. December 08, 2016. http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5237A.pdf.
85 -Today's would - be censors often have extreme political views. Many come from the
86 -AND
87 -imbalance in political power. The dynamics of this imbalance will be examined.
88 -
89 -
90 -====Regardless of restrictions, someone will always be marginalized which leads to less cultural sensitivity and greater intolerance====
91 -Kuznicki, Jason. "Attack Of The Utility Monsters The New Threats To Free Speech." Policy Analysis. November 16, 2009. Web. Jan 5, 2017 http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5237A.pdf. Kuznicki facilitated many of the Cato Institute's international publishing and educational projects. He is editor of Cato Unbound, he earned a PhD at John Hopkins university
92 -Consider the plight of Google Maps in Japan. The popular world-mapping service
93 -AND
94 -to disagree. Sadly, this approach seems decreasingly popular in recent years.
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1 -These are all of my broken positions. If you have any questions, my email is rkp4220@gmail.com
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1 -=Aff=
2 -I affirm the resolution resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
3 -Definitions:
4 -Public colleges- U.S Legal, U.SLegal.com, https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/public-college/
5 -Public college means "any institution of higher education or any technical or vocational school above the secondary school level, provided that such public school or public college is operated by a State, subdivision of a State, or governmental agency within a State, or operated wholly or predominantly from or through the use of governmental funds or property, or funds or property derived from a governmental source."(42 USCS § 2000c)
6 - "Ought" denotes a moral obligation so I value morality. All theories of morality assume the value of people because otherwise there would be no reason to develop theories of how we treat one another. People must have equal moral worth because to say otherwise promotes arbitrary distinctions among people. The state has an obligation to prevent arbitrary distinctions among people so that nobody is structurally precluded from calculations of worth. To say otherwise justifies atrocities like slavery and the Holocaust. Thus, my criterion is minimizing structural violence.
7 -
8 -
9 -==Contention 1: Arbitrariness of speech restrictions and the state==
10 -
11 -
12 -====Government arbitrariness leads to idiosyncratic interests and tyranny====
13 -Michel J Teter, Associate professor of law, university of Utah, S.J Quinney college of Law., 2014, ARTICLE: LETTING CONGRESS VOTE: JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ARBITRARY LEGISLATIVE INACTION, 87 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1435, 1442-1445
14 -The American fear of arbitrary exercise of power continued well after winning independence from the
15 -AND
16 -be in service of particularized or idiosyncratic interests than the public good.
17 -
18 -
19 -
20 -====Free Speech is necessary for preventing arbitrary state action and corruption====
21 -Cook
22 -Thomas I. Cook, Law, Arbitrariness and Ethics, 30 Cal. L. Rev. 151 (1942). Available at: http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol30/iss2/2
23 -For laws to be made meaningful, it is necessary that they have that specificity
24 -AND
25 -petition, and free elections are necessary instruments for attaining a law state.
26 -
27 -
28 -====Because of the subjectivity of free speech restrictions, results will always be arbitrary undermining morality and justice====
29 -Kuznicki, Jason. "Attack Of The Utility Monsters The New Threats To Free Speech." Policy Analysis. November 16, 2009. Web. Jan 5, 2017 http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5237A.pdf. Kuznicki facilitated many of the Cato Institute's international publishing and educational projects. He is editor of Cato Unbound, he earned a PhD at John Hopkins university
30 -Canadian law is similar, but if anything, even broader. Section 13(
31 -AND
32 -which are not, the results are bound to look arbitrary to someone.
33 -
34 -
35 -====Restriction of free speech places arbitrary power into the hands of the government, and will always marginalize a certain group never achieving tolerance====
36 -Kuznicki, Jason. "Attack Of The Utility Monsters The New Threats To Free Speech." Policy Analysis. November 16, 2009. Web. Jan 5, 2017 http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5237A.pdf. Kuznicki facilitated many of the Cato Institute's international publishing and educational projects. He is editor of Cato Unbound, he earned a PhD at John Hopkins university
37 -Freedom of expression is looking less and less like a settled issue. Challenges to
38 -AND
39 -happier or more tolerant, but instead make them more fractious and censorious.
40 -
41 -
42 -====Regulation of free speech in the UK leads to arbitrary power limiting civil discourse only causing more hatred and intoleration====
43 -Kuznicki, Jason. "Attack Of The Utility Monsters The New Threats To Free Speech." Policy Analysis. November 16, 2009. Web. Jan 5, 2017 http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5237A.pdf. Kuznicki facilitated many of the Cato Institute's international publishing and educational projects. He is editor of Cato Unbound, he earned a PhD at John Hopkins university
44 -The act's third section, however, declares that "A person who uses threatening
45 -AND
46 -how attempts to regulate objectionable speech just open the door to arbitrary power.
47 -
48 -
49 -==Contention 2: open and free contestation of ideas==
50 -
51 -
52 -====Colleges have historically been sites of open debate and contestation — this is key to diversity of thought and expanding of people. ====
53 -Maloney, Jr., Cliff. "Colleges Have No Right To Limit Students' Free Speech." TIME . October 13, 2016. Web. December 07, 2016. http://time.com/4530197/college - free - speech - zone/.
54 - In grade school, I learned that debate is defined as "a discussion
55 -AND
56 -in the free market of ideas. But our students are being silenced.
57 -
58 -
59 -====Empirical examples (Valdosta State and University of Delaware) show how schools crush conversation and thus free exchange of ideas before they even occur====
60 -Trama, Zachary. "Keeping The Marketplace Of Ideas Open In Schools." Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. December 16, 2011. Web. December 05, 2016. https://www.thef ire.org/keeping - the - marketplace - of - ideas - open - in - schools/.
61 -When faced with this test, Valdosta State University failed. Hayden Barnes only wanted
62 -AND
63 -boundaries, and scholarship stayed inside the box. Exploratory thinking was discouraged.
64 -
65 -
66 -====Free Speech and open contestation in colleges is key to checking oppressive power structures. ====
67 -Khan, Tariq. "Masking Oppression As "Free Speech": An Anarchist Take." Agency. October 28, 2015. Web. December 08, 2016. http://www.anarchistagency.com/commentary/masking - oppression - as - free - speech - an - anarchist - take/.
68 -The flawed notion that overly - sensitive "PC" students are shutting down free
69 -AND
70 -unch ecked under the guise of a disingenuous notion of "free speech."
71 -
72 -
73 -==Contention 3==
74 -
75 -
76 -====When the arbitrary state, historically the oppressor, controls the legal means, the law is a direct source of oppression- this means speech codes arbitrarily created will be a direct source of oppresion
77 -ARTICLE: Lessons From Malcolm X: Freedom by Any Means Necessary, 38 How. L.J. 79, 91-93====
78 -
79 -When the oppressor controls the legal means, law is a direct source of oppression. A legal system may formally embrace princi- ~~*92~~ ples of justice such as the equal protection of laws, due process, and fundamental civil rights and liberties, yet these formal notions of justice, do not assure that oppression against disfavored groups will cease to exist. If legal means remain in the oppressor's hands, particularly one with a historical record for perpetuating oppression, the formal legal system may not tell the whole story of oppression. Hence, in every situation, the critical question will be: who controls the legal means? This simple question may unravel the secrets of oppression.
80 -Most systems of government have three branches all of which are involved in the law
81 -AND
82 -the economic, social, and political means of oppression can be easily harnessed
83 -
84 -
85 -====Censoring speech on campuses risks politically polarizing the speech on campus ====
86 -Welch, Benjamin. "An Examination Of University Speech Codes' Constitutionality And Eir Impact On High - Level Discourse." DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska – Lincoln. August 01, 2014. Web. December 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalism diss/40 .
87 -The consequences of censoring opinions more typical of one side of the political spectrum is
88 -AND
89 -are subjected to the largest amount of differing viewpoints and diverse discussion.13
90 -
91 -
92 -====Arbitrary classifications on speech increase Social Tensions====
93 -Edward Schumacher-Matos 2015
94 -Former James Madison visiting professor chair on the first amendment and NPR ombudsman
95 -http://2015/02/the-slippery-slope-of-hate-speech.html
96 -In fact, arbitrary government classifications of "hate speech" could inflame rather than
97 -AND
98 -government power to ban "hate speech" would likely seem quite be arbitrary
99 -
100 -
101 -====Free speech develops 'liberating tolerance' to counter 'repressive tolerance', which is necessary to resist oppression====
102 -Sculos and Walsh 16 ,,Bryant William Sculos and Sean Noah Walsh (2016) The Counterrevolutionary Campus: Herbert Marcuse and the Suppression of Student Protest Movements, New Political Science, 38:4, 516-532, DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2016.1228580,,
103 -Repressive tolerance is deployed to silence dissenters and prevent those who, by class position
104 -AND
105 -their voices heard, especially those that are speaking out against oppression and intolerance
106 -
107 -
108 -====Regardless of restrictions, someone will always be marginalized which leads to less cultural sensitivity and greater intolerance====
109 -Kuznicki, Jason. "Attack Of The Utility Monsters The New Threats To Free Speech." Policy Analysis. November 16, 2009. Web. Jan 5, 2017 http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5237A.pdf. Kuznicki facilitated many of the Cato Institute's international publishing and educational projects. He is editor of Cato Unbound, he earned a PhD at John Hopkins university
110 -Consider the plight of Google Maps in Japan. The popular world-mapping service
111 -AND
112 -to disagree. Sadly, this approach seems decreasingly popular in recent years.
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1 -=Civil Rights AC=
2 -
3 -
4 -==Framework==
5 -Resolved: The United States ought to guarantee the right to housing
6 -Because the resolution is a question of the inclusion of a subject into the category of rights,
7 -
8 -
9 -====I value civil rights. ====
10 -Rights stem from the fundamental notion of independence, that humans have the ability to set their own purposes, as compared to objects which can be used in pursuit of a purpose. You are independent if you are the one who decides the purposes your means will be used to pursue. This is different from autonomy because it is based on social interactions. You are dependent on someone else's choice if that person gets to decide what purposes your means will pursue. Rights are claims that an individual makes to be free from the dependent will of another. Rights restrict freedom at the point that it conflicts with another's claim to independence. Limits on independence generate a set of restrictions that are by their nature equally applicable to all. This doesn't compromise our rights claims; rather, it gives each the ability to freely pursue their goals, even if the end isn't advantageous.
11 -
12 -
13 -====This justification of rights is especially true of civil rights as defined by FindLaw ====
14 -http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-rights-vs-civil-liberties.html
15 -It is important to note the difference between "civil rights" and "civil
16 -AND
17 -someone to set their own means or it is inconsistent with that concept.
18 -
19 -
20 -==== ~~Citron~~ A civil right is necessary because it addresses the problems that traditional law fails to account for, Citron writes:====
21 -Citron, Danielle Keats. "Civil Rights in Our Information Age." The Offensive Internet ed by Saul Levmore and Martha Nussbaum. Harvard University Press (2010); Pg 31-49.
22 -Now, let's explore the limitations of traditional remedies. Traditional criminal and tort law
23 -AND
24 -. Civil rights laws prevent, punish, and redress this psychic damage.
25 -
26 -
27 -==Thus the advocacy is the United States ought to guarantee the right to housing as a civil right.==
28 -Guaranteeing a right to housing requires complex policy. No single policy will be proficient. Therefore, the debate must be on WHETHER the right should be guaranteed rather than HOW it should be guaranteed. To justify a Civil Right, it must be proven that discrimination occurs. Discrimination occurs in a variety of ways
29 -
30 -
31 -==First through racism==
32 -
33 -
34 -====Minorities are discriminated against in the housing market====
35 -HUD 13
36 -Prepared for: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Washington, D.C. Prepared by: Margery Austin Turner Rob Santos Diane K. Levy Doug Wissoker Claudia Aranda Rob Pitingolo The Urban Institute June 2013
37 -For much of the twentieth century, discrimination by private real estate agents and rental
38 -AND
39 -that net measures more accurately reflect the systematic disadvantages faced by minority homeseekers.
40 -
41 -
42 -====Housing discrimination disproportionately affects African Americans ====
43 -Hendrickson 2
44 -Cara Hendrickson, Winter, 2002, Associate, Kirkland and Ellis. B.A., Northwestern University, 1997; J.D., Harvard Law School, 2001, ARTICLE: Racial Desegregation and Income Deconcentration in Public Housing, 9 Geo. J. Poverty Law and Pol'y 35, 53-55
45 -Persistent housing discrimination remains an ongoing obstacle to residential integration. According to HUD's Housing
46 -AND
47 -that residential segregation disproportionately burdens African Americans and is critically linked to race.
48 -
49 -
50 -==Second through IPV==
51 -
52 -
53 -====IPV victims are disproportionately homeless and often return to abusive households because of discriminatory landlords and inability to find other housing====
54 -Brenner 13
55 -Hannah Brenner, Winter, 2013, Director, Kelley Institute of Ethics and the Legal Profession, Michigan State University (MSU) College of Law. J.D., University of Iowa, ARTICLE: TRANSCENDING THE CRIMINAL LAW'S "ONE SIZE FITS ALL" RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, 19 Wm. and Mary J. of Women and L. 301, 334
56 -There is a strong correlation between homelessness and domestic violence. Research reflects this reality
57 -AND
58 -safety for themselves and, in some cases, their children.
59 -
60 -
61 -
62 -
63 -==Third through mental illness==
64 -
65 -
66 -====Those with mental illness face discrimination in the process of getting housing and also through eviction ====
67 -Meghan P. Carter, Spring, 2010, Juris Doctor Candidate, 2010, Northwestern University School of Law; Bachelor of Arts, 2005, Brandeis University How Evictions from Subsidized Housing Routinely Violate the Rights of Persons with Mental Illness, 5 Nw. J. L. and Soc. Pol'y 118, 118-119
68 -People with severe and persistent mental illness are too often evicted from their housing for
69 -AND
70 -treatment in the Chicago area rental market than African Americans or Hispanics
71 -
72 -
73 -
74 -
75 -==Fourth: LGBT community==
76 -
77 -
78 -====LGBT people are discriminated against in the housing market====
79 -Ring 13
80 -Research indicates same-sex couples received far fewer responses to email inquiries about rental units than straight couples did. BY TRUDY RING Trudy Ring, The Advocate's copy chief, has spent much of her journalistic career covering the LGBT movement. JUNE 18 2013 3:10 PM EDT
81 -A national study released today confirms what many LGBT people have undoubtedly suspected: Same
82 -AND
83 -and heterosexual couples in states without legislative protections," according to the release.
84 -
85 -
86 -====
87 -LGBT are denied housing, harassed, and given higher rates====
88 -
89 - By: Aaron S. Merki, Esq. , Hon. Shannon Avery , and Anne Blackfield, Fall, 2013, ARTICLE: THE FUTURE OF LGBT CIVIL RIGHTS AND EQUALITY IN MARYLAND, 44 U. Balt. L.F. 43, 53-57, lexis advance research
90 -Anti-LGBT employment and housing discrimination is common, and the consequences of this
91 -AND
92 -they could not legally do in their home state of Florida.
93 -
94 -
95 -
96 -==The fundamental civil right to housing solves the discrimination within housing and its effects==
97 -
98 -
99 -====Adequate housing is a fundamental human right- Government must provide housing to ensure the right to live with dignity and security====
100 -Commonwealth of Australia 97
101 -Housing as a human right Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 1997. Copying is permissible provided acknowledgement is made to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Sydney, September 1996. National Conference on Homelessness Council to Homeless Persons Address by Chris Sidoti, Human Rights Commissioner 4 September 1996 https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/pdf/human_rights/housing.pdf(GvineMT) note: ~~~~ marks where I cut stuff out of the article because of space link above links to the full text of the pdf
102 -Foreword Human rights are for all people - each woman, man and child -
103 -AND
104 -adequate place in which people can live in peace, security and dignity.
105 -
106 -
107 -====Housing Rights Are continuously recognized as Human Rights internationally- Affirming is key to solve discrimination in housing against women, minorities, elderly, and children====
108 -Gomez
109 -Mayra Gomez, Bret Thiele, research and policy officer at the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, "Housing Rights Are Human Rights ~| Section of Civil Rights and Social Justice." Americanbar.org. n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2017. http://www.americanbar.org/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol32_2005/summer2005/hr_summer05_housing.html
110 - The wealthiest country in the world—the United States of America—is
111 -AND
112 -rights laws prohibit segregation and discrimination in these areas, such practices continue.
113 -
114 -
115 -====Housing is required to combat the issues of discrimination and provide stable ability to live====
116 -Deborah Kenn, Associate Professor of Law and Director, Housing and Finance Clinic, Syracuse University College of Law, 1996, SYMPOSIUM NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LAW OF CREDIT ENHANCEMENT: DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL: ARTICLE: ONE NATION'S DREAM, ANOTHER'S REALITY: HOUSING JUSTICE IN SWEDEN, 22 Brooklyn J. Int'l L. 63, 74-75
117 -Advocates for affordable housing for low income people must become visionaries. A long range
118 -AND
119 -access to property and affordable housing for everyone, and thus benefits all.
120 -
121 -
122 -====Housing for IPV victims is crucial to address the cycle of abuse and homelessness
123 -====
124 -ALYSE FAYE HAUGEN, Spring, 2012, St. Mary's University School of Law, Candidate for Juris Doctor, May 2013, COMMENT: WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS: THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE SHELTER FROM THE STORM OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, 14 SCHOLAR 1035, 1040-1042
125 -Housing for domestic violence victims includes emergency shelters and transitional housing, which are both
126 -AND
127 -in order for VAWA to realistically address the basic challenges that victims face.
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1 -MARAPR-Civil Rights AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TFA State
Caselist.RoundClass[0]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -0
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -2017-01-21 05:15:19.0
1 +2017-01-21 05:00:40.366
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Keller
1 +Prosper AA
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Quarters
1 +1
Caselist.RoundClass[1]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-01-24 04:36:34.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -none
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -none
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Finals
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -none
Caselist.RoundClass[2]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-01-27 23:12:32.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jaden Lessnick
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Kinkaid JY
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Emory
Caselist.RoundClass[3]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-01-28 04:51:02.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -David McGinnis
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Lassiter JM
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,2 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC SVAC
2 -NC traditional
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Emory
Caselist.RoundClass[4]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -3
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-03-09 17:53:47.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -some lay judge
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Lucas Clarke
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TFA State
Caselist.RoundClass[5]
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-03-10 05:38:00.51
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Clements
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -4
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TFA State

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