Changes for page Garland PHAM Neg

Last modified by Administrator on 2017/08/29 03:35

From version < 113.1 >
edited by Khoa Pham
on 2017/08/09 00:56
To version < 70.1 >
edited by Khoa Pham
on 2017/03/09 23:15
< >
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Caselist.CitesClass[25]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,30 +1,0 @@
1 -Congressional Budget Office estimates show federal debt will remain steady now
2 -CRFB 17 Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, nonpartisan, non-profit organization committed to educating the public on issues with significant fiscal policy impact, “CBO’s January 2017 Budget and Economic Outlook”, January 24, 2017, http://www.crfb.org/papers/cbos-january-2017-budget-and-economic-outlook, VM
3 -CBO’s latest budget projections are largely similar to prior estimates. Deficits are still projected
4 -AND
5 -small changes to the projection of outlays related to the health insurance marketplace.
6 -
7 -Federal government housing is very expensive to build
8 -Shaw 15 Bob Shaw, staff writer for Twin Cities Pioneer Press, June 06, 2015, “This is why low-income housing is so costly in the Twin Cities”, http://www.twincities.com/2015/06/06/this-is-why-low-income-housing-is-so-costly-in-the-twin-cities/, VM
9 -New low-income housing can cost as much — or more — as any
10 -AND
11 -housing regulations and a failure to embrace lower-cost types of housing.
12 -
13 -That causes a massive federal debt explosion- Sharp increases in Federal debt tank the economy
14 -Swedroe 12 Larry Swedroe, 11-12-2012, "How our national debt hurts our economy," No Publication, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-our-national-debt-hurts-our-economy/
15 -Professors Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff and economist Vincent Reinhart examined the debt
16 -AND
17 -time, even when or if more sustained and rapid economic growth resumes."
18 -
19 -Economic decline leads to escalating instability and nuke war.
20 -Harris and Burrows, 9 – *counselor in the National Intelligence Council, the principal drafter of Global Trends 2025, **member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_burrows.pdf)
21 -Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and
22 -AND
23 -within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
24 -
25 -This turns the AC
26 -
27 -Economic recessions cause a huge spike in homelessness.
28 -Cauvin 11:
29 -~Henri E. Cauvin is a Washington Post Staff Writer. "More families became homeless in recession" 1/13/2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/12/AR2011011206298.html~~ SM
30 -During the throes of the recession, the number of homeless people in the United States increased, and the number of homeless families increased at an even greater rate, according to a report released Wednesday. The findings by the National Alliance to End Homelessness, although not surprising, confirm the harsh toll that the recession - which began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 - took on families. Historically, people struggling with mental illness, substance abuse or other chronic problems have been the focus of government homelessness efforts, and until recently the number of such homeless people had been declining. But the recession, which has led to rising unemployment and declining social services, has slowed progress among the chronically homeless and increased numbers of the newly homeless, among them many families, according to the alliance's report. State by state the picture was mixed, with 19 states reporting decreases in homelessness. "The good news is, the numbers could have been a lot worse," Nan Roman, the alliance's executive director, said Wednesday at a news conference at the National Press Club. Drawing on data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the Department of Justice and the Department of Health and Human Services, the study looked at changes in homelessness nationwide from 2008 to 2009. The number of homeless people increased 3 percent, or by about 20,000 people, and the number of homeless families increased 4 percent, according to the alliance's report, "State of Homelessness in America." The District and 31 states recorded increases in the total number of homeless people. To explain the rise, the report discusses a number of factors, including housing costs, foreclosure rates, the number of people aging out of foster care and the number of inmates leaving prison. The differences among states underscore the local nature of homelessness and the role that local governments play in fighting the problem. With state and county governments facing huge budget deficits, advocates fear that the numbers in next year's report - which will look at 2009 to last year - will be even worse. "We're obviously concerned about the current situation," Roman said. In the most recent survey by Washington area jurisdictions, the number of homeless people was down slightly from 2009 to 2010, although the District, which has more than half of the region's homeless, and Arlington and Loudoun counties recorded moderate increases.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-03-10 20:19:23.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Chris Vincent
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Clear Brook DW
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -14
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -6
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Mar-Apr Debt DA
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TFA State
Caselist.CitesClass[26]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,9 +1,0 @@
1 -Text: The state and territorial governments of the United States of America ought (to implement social housing programs
2 -
3 -This competes- you defend the USFG- it would be nonsensical for both the US and the states to pass the same policy- means it’s mutually exclusive- hold them to the text of their advocacy
4 -
5 -State agencies solve better than federal agencies- better loan capabilities, create more affordable housing, get housing for people banks and federal government normally turn away and more funding- additionally federal housing agencies are ineffective- comparative evidence
6 -Eizenga 12 Jordan Eizenga, Policy Analyst with the Housing team at the Center for American Progress, “A House America Bond for State Housing Finance Agencies”, March 1, 2012, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2012/03/01/11176/a-house-america-bond-for-state-housing-finance-agencies/, VM
7 -State housing finance agencies are an effective and central player in the provision of affordable
8 -AND
9 -this increased role in affordable housing has fallen to state housing finance agencies.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-03-10 20:19:23.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Chris Vincent
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Clear Brook DW
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -14
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -6
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Mar-Apr 50 States CP
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TFA State
Caselist.CitesClass[27]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,15 +1,0 @@
1 -Using the terminology of victim is actively disempowering – robs individuals of agency and devalues acts of resistance – survivor is key.
2 -Akhila 12 recent graduate of Harvard Law School, and a current fellow at Open Society Foundations, studies and work in the area of legal empowerment, access to justice, and ending gender-based violence. “Why words matter: Victim v. Survivor” March 13, 2012. CC
3 -Throughout my work with domestic
4 -AND
5 -healing from the trauma.
6 -Using the terminology of survivor is key – victim language focuses on prior experiences instead of letting people reclaim their power.
7 -Wood 13 Sarah Wood, "Victim vs. Survivor, and Why It Matters.” Sarah Wood Therapy. March 31, 2013. CC
8 -Anyone who has spoken to
9 -AND
10 -that you need help.
11 -This is a voting issue – drop the flow – this is a teachable moment
12 -Vincent 13 Chris Vincent, Re-Conceptualizing our Performances: Accountability in Lincoln Douglas Debate, Vbriefly, 2013. NS
13 -The question then becomes
14 -AND
15 -this community could have.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-04-21 21:40:11.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Aabid Shivji
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Grapevine TS
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -17
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -0-Victims K
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -NSDA Lone Star
Caselist.CitesClass[28]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,47 +1,0 @@
1 -1 Their rights rhetoric ties notions of rights to notion of the proper political subject which inevitably creates the conditions that sustain bare life- if this doesn’t link then I don’t know what does
2 -Gündoğdu 11 Ayten Gündoğdu is an assistant professor of political science at Barnard. She teaches courses on political theory and human rights. Professor Gündoğdu’s current research centers on critical approaches to human rights, contemporary problems of citizenship, and political and ethical dilemmas of international migration; “Potentialities of human rights: Agamben and the narrative of fated necessity,” http://www.palgrave-journals.com/cpt/journal/v11/n1/full/cpt201045a.html
3 -Agamben's analysis of modern juridico-political developments, including rights declarations, aims to
4 -AND
5 -very subjects that they presuppose and render their subjects vulnerable to sovereign power.
6 -2 Allowing the state to define what “dating” or define “what constitutes a relationship” is just part of the parcel of the larger bio-political order – it’s an extension of their ability to control particular bodies.
7 -Hannabach 12 (Cathy, professor @ the University of Pittsburgh, “Biopower, Security Moms,and Juan Williams,” February 16th, 2012, https://pittfemtheorys12.wordpress.com/2012/02/16/biopower-security-momsand-juan-williams/)
8 -Biopower is a relatively recent form of power that it utilized by the State (
9 -AND
10 -of the article, this means State-bred notion of “security.”
11 -3 Government is the reason biopower exists
12 -Nadesan, 08 (Majia Holmer, professor of communication in the School of Social and Behavioral Sciences in the New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, “Governmentality, Biopower, and Everyday Life”, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=QEqTAgAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=22economic+security22+and+biopower+and+agambenandots=iSmmUdVRPCandsig=c0GAKJJxPEdjnZJV7BjudTumxH4#v=snippetandq=biopower20and20governmentandf=false)//BW
13 -Foucault contended that the emergence of the early modern liberal state depended upon the institution
14 -AND
15 -—his pedagogy—ensures the upward continuity of the arts of government.
16 -4 Housing policy over-determines physical existence, forcing individuals to sacrifice their rights in favor of the biopolitical state
17 -Zeiderman 13 (Austin Zeiderman, Anthropologist and Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Environment at the London School of Economics and Political Science, “Living dangerously: biopolitics and urban citizenship in Bogotá, Colombia.”, American Ethnologist, 2013, http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/48524/1/Zeiderman_Living_dangerously_2013.pdf) AD
18 -Having shown how cities
19 -AND
20 -execute their citizenship claims.
21 -This inscription within biopolitics is at the heart of violence allowing every ‘citizen’ to be devalued and eliminated in the name of sovereign management.
22 -Agamben 98 (Giorgio – Univ. Verona Philosophy professor, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Stanford UP, p. 139-140)
23 -**we don’t agree with the authors use of gendered language
24 -3.3. It is not our intention
25 -AND
26 -of every living being. 139-140
27 -Vote negative to refuse attempts to reform the system and doom it to its own nihilistic destruction—this is the only way to liberate us from bare life and biopolitical control
28 -Prozorov 10 (Sergei Prozorov, professor of political and economic studies at the University of Helsinki, “Why Giorgio Agamben is an optimist,” Philosophy Social Criticism 2010 36: pg. 1065)
29 -In a later work, Agamben
30 -AND
31 -in the following section.
32 -The role of the ballot is to promote the best form of politics-
33 -The alternative’s form of Resistance disrupts power- that creates the possibility for ethical politics
34 -Atterton 94 Peter Atterton, philosophy professor, University of California San Diego, HISTORY OF THE HUMAN SCIENCES JOURNAL, 1994, p. http://www.acusd.edu/~atterton/Publications/foucault.htm. VM
35 -Must we pessimistically assume,
36 -AND
37 -of power's ultimate instability.
38 -Each individual act is critical to challenge power politics
39 -Foucault 69 Michel Foucault, really cool French philosopher, Director, Institute Francais at Hamburg, THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE, 1969, http://www.thefoucauldian.co.uk/bodypower.htm. VM
40 -We must ask ourselves
41 -AND
42 -that precede and follow it.
43 -Modern structures of control are just an extension of the slave ship- we control the direction of your racism impact
44 -Dillon 13 (Stephen Dillon, Doctor of philosophy from the university of Minnesota, “Fugitive Life: Race, Gender, and the Rise of the Neoliberal-Carceral State”, May 2013, Pages 68-71) //VM
45 -Smallwood, like Shakur and Williams,
46 -AND
47 -envelops, seduces, and multiplies.141a
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-04-21 21:40:11.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Aabid Shivji
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Grapevine TS
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -17
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Mar-Apr Biopower K vs IPV Aff
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -NSDA Lone Star
Caselist.CitesClass[29]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,55 +1,0 @@
1 -===FW===
2 -
3 -
4 -====I negate the resolution: the United States ought to guarantee the right to housing. I value morality as per the word ought in the resolution denoting moral obligation. ====
5 -
6 -
7 -====First, to evaluate ethical judgments we must first untangle our ontological commitments about who is and isn't included in the "us" and the "them." This requires inclusion of the subject at hand, and means oppression is morally reprehensible.====
8 -**Butler 09**. Judith Butler, Maxine Elliot Professor of Comparative Literature at UC Berkeley, "Frames of War: When is Life Grievable?" Jan 1st 2009, Pg.138, http://books.google.com/books/about/Frames_of_War.html?id=ga7hAAAAMAAJ
9 -We ask such normative questions as if we know what we mean by the subjects
10 -AND
11 -those subjects who will be eligible for recognition and those who will not.
12 -
13 -
14 -====Second, morality mandates expression of all voices, which necessarily prohibits structural oppression. ====
15 -**Young 74**. Iris Marion Young, Professor in Political Science at the University of Chicago since 2000, masters and doctorate in philosophy in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University. ~~"Justice and the Politics of Difference". Princeton University Press, 1990, Digital Copy.~~
16 -Group representation, third, encourages the expression of individual and group needs and
17 -AND
18 -to the voice of those my privilege otherwise tends to silence~~s~~.
19 -
20 -
21 -====Thus, the standard is minimizing oppression.====
22 -
23 -
24 -===I contend that the RTH is discriminatory towards womxn===
25 -
26 -
27 -====RTH laws empirically discriminate against womxn – turns case.====
28 -**UHCHR 13** (UHCHR, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, NEW YORK AND GENEVA, 2013, "REALIZING WOMEN'S RIGHTS TO LAND AND OTHER PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES", http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/RealizingWomensRightstoLand.pdf)
29 -The Special Rapporteur also highlighted "the gap between de jure and de facto protection of women's right to adequate housing. In many countries, women's rights are legally protected, but in practice, women are socially and economically disadvantaged and face de facto discrimination in the areas of housing, land and inheritance rights." In particular he noted that "genderneutral laws were interpreted and implemented in ways that discriminate and disadvantage women."42 In resolution 2005/25, the Commission on Human Rights recognized that "laws, policies, customs, traditions and practices … act to restrict women's equal access to credit and loans also prevent women from owning and inheriting land …."43
30 -
31 -
32 -====The impact outweighs – RTH laws lead to social exclusion, violence, and psychological trauma.====
33 -**UHCHR 09** (UHCHR, November 2009, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "The Right to Adequate Housing", http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FS21_rev_1_Housing_en.pdf) SN
34 -In many parts of the world, women and girls face entrenched discrimination in inheritance, which can seriously affect their enjoyment of the right to adequate housing. Such discrimination can be enshrined in statutory laws as well as in customary laws and practices that fail to recognize women's equal rights to men in inheritance. As a result, women are either entitled to a lesser share than male relatives, or are simply dispossessed from any heritage of their deceased husbands or fathers. Violence is common within the context of inheritance, as a woman's property can be forcibly seized by relatives, an attempt that often involves physical and psychological violence, and long-lasting trauma. Relatives often abuse widows with impunity, as these matters are seen as a private family affair. If a woman decides to fight for her inheritance, she may also face violence from her in-laws or even from the community at large. In general, women's claims for inheritance can result in social exclusion, not only from the family but also from the community.
35 -
36 -
37 -====Public housing independently exacerbates intimate partner violence====
38 -**Raghavan et al 06**. (Chitra Raghavan, Professor of Psychology and Director of BA/MA Program, Amy Mennerich, , Ellen Sexton, Associate Professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Susan E. James, Professor at Columbia University"Community Violence and Its Direct, Indirect, and Mediating Effects on Intimate Partner Violence", Violence Against Women, SAGE Publications, Vol 12, No 12, 12-11-06, http://vaw.sagepub.com/content/12/12/1132) AD – we object to the rhetoric of victimization
39 -Typically, individual and interpersonal characteristics have been considered as more pertinent to the study
40 -AND
41 -little is known about neighborhood disadvantage and its effect on domestic or IPV.
42 -
43 -
44 -====The current paradigm of owning a home is premised on the sexist idea that men should go out and work, while a woman should stay home and tend to the house ====
45 -**Hayden 80** (Dolores Hayden is an American professor, urban historian, architect, author, and poet.) What Would a Non-Sexist City Be Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work, Signs Vol. 5 No. 3 Supplement. Women and the American City, (Spring 1980), S170-S187, Date Accessed 2/21/17 https://nextgenhousing.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hayden+-+Non-Sexist+City.pdf ~~Premier~~ 
46 -"A woman's place is in the home" has been one of the most
47 -AND
48 -world's passenger cars in support of the housing and transportation patterns described.3 
49 -
50 -
51 -====Housing Policies implicitly feed into patriarchal gender roles by making it hard for women to work outside of the home, and driving them to consume commercially profitable products to try to enter the workforce ====
52 -**Hayden 80** Dolores(Dolores Hayden is an American professor, urban historian, architect, author, and poet.) What Would a Non-Sexist City Be Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work, Signs Vol. 5 No. 3 Supplement. Women and the American City, (Spring 1980), S170-S187, Date Accessed 2/21/17 https://nextgenhousing.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hayden+-+Non-Sexist+City.pdf ~~Premier~~ 
53 -By recognizing the need for a different kind of environment, far more efficient use
54 -AND
55 -neighborh
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-04-24 13:41:34.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Martinez, Seaman, Shofner
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Greenhill AM
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -18
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -5
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Mar-Apr Patriarchy NC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -NSDA Lone Star
Caselist.CitesClass[30]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,31 +1,0 @@
1 -====Interpretation: The aff must defend either the implementation of the resolution, hypothetical enactment of a topical policy, or the desirability of affirming the resolution. ====
2 -
3 -
4 -====Violations: ====
5 -
6 -
7 -====Net benefits:====
8 -
9 -
10 -====Ground - ====
11 -
12 -
13 -====Role-playing and advocacy skills – ====
14 -**Coverstone 5 **~~MBA (Alan, Acting on Activism)
15 -An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of
16 -AND
17 -that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today.
18 -
19 -====Predictable limits – ====
20 -
21 -
22 -====Education is a voter ====
23 -
24 -
25 -====Fairness is a voter====
26 -
27 -====Drop the Debater====
28 -
29 -====Evaluate with competing interps:====
30 -
31 -====Theory isn't an RVI ====
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-08-03 02:47:46.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Melissa Chau
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Strake Jesuit AN
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -21
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -0- Must Defend the Topic
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TDC Practice Rounds
Caselist.CitesClass[31]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,29 +1,0 @@
1 -====The aff's focus on racism against Asian American via exacerbates capitalism – only by addressing the issues of capitalism and class stratification can we engage racism as a whole====
2 -**Koshy 01 **~~Susan, Ph.D. @ UCLA Associate Professor of Asian American Studies, English @ University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, "Morphing Race into Ethnicity: Asian Americans and Critical Transformations of Whiteness", 2001, Boundary 2 , Vol. 28.1, pg 191-93, Duke University Press, Project Muse~~ //VM
3 -Virulent political rhetoric and widespread anti-immigrant sentiment has resulted (most of the
4 -AND
5 -capitalist78 and in the working conditions of an undocumented Asian American restaurant worker.
6 -
7 -
8 -====Capitalism causes extinction, structural violence, and inequality====
9 -Robinson 16. William Robinson is a Professor of Sociology, Global Studies, and Latin American Studies @ UC Santa Barbara. "Sadistic Capitalism: Six Urgent Matters for Humanity in Global Crisis," Truthout, 4/12/16, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/35596-sadistic-capitalism-six-urgent-matters-for-humanity-in-global-crisis~~ VR
10 -In these mean streets of globalized capitalism in crisis, it has become profitable to
11 -AND
12 -just distribution of wealth and power. Our survival may depend on it.
13 -
14 -
15 -====Vote negative to refuse to participate in activities that support capitalism – key to hollowing out capitalist structures.====
16 -**Herod 4. ** Herod, Columbia University Graduate and Political Activist, 2004 (James, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm, JC)
17 -It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely,
18 -AND
19 -. Otherwise we are doomed to perpetual slavery and possibly even to extinction.
20 -
21 -
22 -====The role of the ballot is to endorse the debater that best methodologically and systematically ends capitalism====
23 -
24 -
25 -====We have an apriori reason to reject capitalism====
26 -Zizek and Daly 04 (Slavoj, professor of philosophy at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana, and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek, pg 14-16)
27 -For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
28 -AND
29 -the abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-08-03 02:47:47.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Melissa Chau
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Strake Jesuit AN
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -21
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jan-Feb Cap K vs Asian Get Triggered Aff
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TDC Practice Rounds
Caselist.CitesClass[32]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,14 +1,0 @@
1 -1NC T
2 -Interpretation: any means “not at all” following a negative. To clarify, they can’t defend any particular form of constitutionally-protected speech.
3 -Free Dictionary no date (The Free Dictionary, no date, “The Definition of Any”, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/any) KP
4 -Violation: they only defend insert their advocacy
5 -Net benefits:
6 -1) Limits-
7 -2) Grammar-
8 -3) Predictability-
9 -Topical version of the affirmative:
10 -Education is a voter-
11 -Fairness is a voter-
12 -Drop the debater
13 -Prefer competing interps
14 -No RVIs:
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-08-09 00:56:45.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Adam Brown
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Katy Taylor AW
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -22
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -3
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jan-Feb T-any
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TDC Practice Rounds
Caselist.CitesClass[33]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,11 +1,0 @@
1 -Text: Public universities and colleges should either create policies, or reform their current policies on sexual harassment, to set strict harassment guidelines for in classroom behavior for teachers that prohibits speech that creates a hostile learning environment. They should also implement guidelines prohibiting student-to-student content that creates a hostile learning environment due to the sexual nature of the speech. These regulations will be enforced consistent with Title IX and VII of the Civil Rights Act.
2 -Dower 12 J.D., Dower, Benjamin. Assistant Attorney General at Texas Attorney General "Scylla of Sexual Harassment and the Charybdis of Free Speech: How Public Universities Can Craft Policies to Avoid Liability, The." Rev. Litig. 31 (2012): 703.
3 -Sexual Harassment Policy for University Students¶ Students are prohibited from committing sexual harassment.¶ Sexual harassment for students is defined as:¶ (1) Words of a sexual nature directed at the person of the¶ addressee that, by their very utterance, inflict injury, provoke¶ resentment in the addressee, and tend to incite an immediate breach¶ of the peace. Breach of the peace, as contemplated by this provision,¶ is defined as public disorder that involves the outbreak of physical¶ violence.¶ (2) Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors,¶ and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when¶ (a) submission to such conduct is made either¶ explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's¶ academic or employment status; or¶ (b) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an¶ individual is used as the basis for employment or academic¶ decision affecting such individual.¶ (3) Conduct of a sexual nature that is so severe and¶ pervasive-viewed both objectively and from the perspective of the¶ recipient of the remarks and considering the totality of the¶ circumstances-as to create a hostile learning environment.¶ Sexual Harassment Policy for University Employees¶ University employees are prohibited from committing sexual harassment.¶ Sexual harassment for university employees is defined as:¶ (1) Words of a sexual nature directed at the person of the addressee that, by their very utterance, inflict injury, provoke resentment in the addressee, and tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace. Breach of the peace, as contemplated by this provision, *746 is defined as public disorder that involves the outbreak of physical violence.¶ (2) Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when¶ (a) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s academic or employment status; or¶ (b) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment or academic decision affecting such individual.¶ ¶ (3) Conduct of a sexual nature that is so severe or pervasive~-~-viewed both objectively and from the perspective of the recipient of the remarks and considering the totality of the circumstances~-~-as to create a hostile learning environment.¶ ¶ Possible Addition¶ ¶ A university employee accused of sexual harassment stemming from speech conducted in the classroom may raise, as a defense, that his or her classroom expression was reasonably related to a legitimate pedagogical interest. If the employee is able to show by a preponderance of the evidence that his or her classroom expression was reasonably related to a legitimate pedagogical interest, the committee shall weigh the value of that interest against the harm of the alleged harassment in determining both guilt and punishment.¶
4 -
5 -The counterplan resolves a grey area within harassment law – right now professor speech gets protected under the first amendment. The counterplan shifts the precedent to take a stance against harassment.
6 -Marcus 08 Kenneth L Marcus Lillie and Nathan Ackerman Chair in Equality and Justice in America, Baruch College¶ School of Public Affairs. "Higher Education, Harassment, and First Amendment Opportunism." Wm. and Mary Bill Rts. J. 16 (2007): 1025.
7 -These incidents highlight a puzzling phenomenon in contemporary constitutional¶ culture. The puzzle has been the relatively recent appearance and eager¶ acceptance, especially in higher education, of First Amendment or academic¶ freedom arguments in areas which had long been beyond their reach. For at least¶ the "first fifteen years of its development," the law of harassment had been wellunderstood¶ to regulate a sphere of constitutionally unprotected, proscribable¶ conduct, even when it incidentally included the use of words.2' Yet in recent years¶ free-speech arguments have become a favorite topic-changing device for defenders¶ of all forms of harassment, 22 especially in post-secondary education where many are¶ especially sensitized to issues of free speech and academic freedom. The tendency¶ to construct harassing conduct as speech has important ramifications since the¶ appearance of the First Amendment, with its powerful array of standards and¶ presumptions, augurs ill for any area of regulation which is brought within its¶ shifting boundaries. As Frederick Schauer put it, "Once the First Amendment shows¶ up, much of the game is over., 23 And indeed, arguably, the game may now be over¶ for harassment law, which is to say, free speech issues may have obtained too much traction in this area to be dismissed out of hand. On the other hand, it remains at¶ best unclear as to whether the First Amendment is even salient as to this area of law.¶ The appearance of the First Amendment in this area was likely hastened by¶ overreaching on the part of civil rights advocates who, during the 1980s and 1990s,¶ introduced campus speech codes which could not help but raise First Amendment¶ attention.24 For many years, this conflict played itself out in a series of arguments¶ about campus speech codes, which were devised to protect various groups from¶ expressions which might be considered offensive or "hateful."' While these codes¶ drew some support from academic commentators, 26 the courts generally found them¶ to violate the First Amendment and other commentators agreed.27 Interestingly, few institutions have withdrawn speech or harassment codes unless threatened with the¶ risk of litigation or faced with adverse judicial decisions, and many apparently¶ remain on the books.28¶ At the same time, however, most universities have also promulgated antidiscrimination¶ and harassment policies pursuant to the requirements of various¶ federal civil rights statutes (especially Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 196429 and¶ Title IX3¶ " of the Education Amendments Act).3¶ ' Unlike hate speech codes,¶ harassment regulations (such as the federal regulations or public universities'¶ implementing policies) are not directly aimed at speech, although the harassing¶ conduct they regulate may include words.32 Given the prominence of speech¶ interests to the academic setting, however, free speech claims are now regularly¶ raised in response to various allegations of harassment; this is nowhere more true¶ than with respect to allegations of anti-Semitic harassment. Indeed, Justice Kennedy¶ once remarked in dissent that federal education harassment law is "circumscribed by the First Amendment,"33 and federal regulatory policy has assumed this to be so¶ for over a decade. 34 Nevertheless, there is reason to question the validity of this¶ assumption and the salience of free speech to the regulation of education harassment.¶ To the extent that harassment regulation encompasses some speech activities by¶ state actors on the basis of content, the most difficult constitutional question may be¶ whether First Amendment doctrine even applies to such questions or whether they¶ lay outside of the boundaries of First Amendment coverage. 35 This Article will¶ argue that the salience of the First Amendment to questions of academic harassment¶ is at best unsettled; that efforts to apply First Amendment doctrine to harassment¶ law may be seen as a form of what Frederick Schauer has described as "First¶ Amendment opportunism; ' 36 and that such efforts to extend the boundaries of the¶ First Amendment are ultimately unresolvable on the basis of constitutional doctrine¶ alone. Special attention is given to the recently resurgent problem of campus antiSemitism¶ because harassment allegations under this rubric have been subjected to¶ frequent, intense challenge as of late.37z
8 -
9 -Harassment cases persist because of a lack of clarity in requirements – a commitment to accountability is key.
10 -Saha 16 MADHUMITA SAHA The writer is an academic-turned journalist. She taught history at Drexel University and New York University before joining WION. Mon, 22 Aug 2016 http://www.dnaindia.com/world/column-academia-s-feet-of-clay-sexual-misconduct-and-gender-discrimination-in-schools-2247826
11 -In the present context, Tyann Sorrell ’s recourse to legal action seems an obvious choice. But the legal history of sexual harassment shows that the road to public protest had been tough and long. Professor Carrie N. Baker shows in her book, The Women’s Movement against Sexual Harassment, how characterizations of sexual behaviour in workplaces have evolved from being considered a moral problem of a working woman, to a social problem of male lust and seduction, and eventually in the 1970s, such acts came to be interpreted as acts of violence against women and a violation of women’s civil rights.¶ In response to public awakening to the issue, the judges ruled in the William v. Saxbe federal court case of 1976 that sexual harassment is a form of illegal sex discrimination under Title VII. Before this verdict, the US courts were of the opinion that sexual harassment was merely disharmony in a personal relationship, the result of personal urges of individuals, and not part of company policy.¶ We trust in numbers: quantifying sexual harassment in the campus¶ ¶ American universities with the most reports of rape, 2014¶ University campuses are particularly vulnerable to sexual harassment of various types. Different sorts of authorities - formal, informal, achieved as well as ascribed- are exercised over students, assistant professors, and administrative assistants. According to the federal campus safety data, nearly 100 US colleges and universities had at least 10 reports of rape on their main campuses in 2014, with Brown University and the University of Connecticut tied for the highest annual total of 43 each.¶ Recently, Association of American Universities (AAU) conducted a Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct among 150,000 students at 27 schools, including most of the Ivy League. Of the female undergraduate student respondents, 23.1 per cent informed the surveyors that they have experienced sexual misconduct due to physical force, threats of physical force, or incapacitation.¶ 2¶ Per cent of college students reporting sexual assault, 2015¶ One of the most disturbing revelations of the survey indicates that overall rates of reporting to campus officials and law enforcement were rather low.¶ Depending on the specific type of sexual harassment, only five per cent to 28 per cent of respondents claim to have reported their experience of sexual harassment to the appropriate authorities. According to the AAU Climate Survey, the most common reason for not reporting incidents of sexual assault and sexual misconduct was that it was not considered serious enough. Among other reasons, students cited they were “embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult,” and because they “did not think anything would be done about it.”¶ Taking it from here to a safer future¶ There is nothing peculiar about sexual harassment and misconduct in the US educational institutions. Embedded in the similar kind of power structure, I am sure, such acts of sexual transgression is common enough occurrence in any university under the sun. So, let’s not point a finger and try to make a case of western sexual promiscuity out of it; we are all living in fragile glass houses.¶ On 14 December 2015, Smriti Irani, the former human resource and development minister of India reported, that as per University Grants Commission (UGC), there have been 295 cases of sexual harassment against women during 2014-15 in various institutes of higher learning in India.¶ As various scholars and activists working on sexual misconduct have already pointed out, we have to be aware that even when a sexual assault has not taken place, a person can experience sexual harassment; a hostile, offensive and intimidating atmosphere - created in academic spaces - does count as sex harassment too.¶ Women belonging to minority groups of different race, caste, and religion are more vulnerable. As are people belonging to the third gender.¶ While acknowledging that women are more vulnerable to sexual conduct, we also need to come up with regulations that look into the harassment suffered by other genders too. Recently, the UGC has taken the right step towards this direction when it introduced the first gender neutral regulation on sexual harassment in India. Under this regulation, both male students and students of the third gender in universities can lodge complaints against sexual harassment faced by them.¶ Tyann Sorrell 's case, and similar other cases reported from academic institutions, should be used to create greater awareness. Sexual harassment is indeed ubiquitous; such heinous crime is not solely committed by blacks, poor and the uneducated, as is widely perceived. Power is deeply entrenched in such actions and, thus, the perpetrators often come from the most privileged section of our societies.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-08-09 00:56:46.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Adam Brown
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Katy Taylor AW
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -22
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -3
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jan-Feb Title IX CP
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TDC Practice Rounds
Caselist.CitesClass[34]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,15 +1,0 @@
1 -Feminist theories footnote transformative politics by displacing the focus on class – difference is always determined by class
2 -Ebert 05, Professor of Critical and Cultural Theory, Marxist Theory, Feminist Critique, Globalization Theory at State University of New York at Albany, 2005 (Teresa L, Science and Society 69.1 (Jan 2005): 33-55 “Rematerializing Feminism” proquest) //VM
3 -Feminism after the “post” has become in theory and practice largely indifferent to material practices under capitalism - such as labor, which shapes the social structures of daily life - and has fetishized difference. It has, in other words, erased the question of "exploitation," diffusing knowledge of the root conditions of women's realities into a plurality of particularities of "oppressions." Feminism has embraced the cultural turn - the reification of culture as an autonomous zone of signifying practices - and put aside a transformative politics. The revival of a new feminism thus requires clearing out the undergrowth of bourgeois ideology that has limited the terms by which feminism understands the condition of women. A new (Red) Feminism, in short, is not only concerned with the "woman question," it is even more about the "other" questions that construct the "woman question": the issues of class and labor constituting the very conditions of knowing - and changing - the root realities of global capitalism. The present text is grounded in the conviction that canonical feminist understandings of gender and sexuality institutionalized by "post" theories (as in poststructuralism, postcolonialism, postmodernism, postmarxism) are - after one allows for all their local differences and family quarrels (e.g., Benhabib, et al., 1995; Butler, et al., 2000) - strategies for bypassing questions of labor (as in the labor theory of value) and capital (the social relation grounded in turning the labor power of the other into profit) and instead dwell on matters of cultural differences (as in lifestyles). Reclaiming a materialist knowledge, I contest the cultural theory grounding canonical feminism. Specifically, I argue that language - "discourse" in its social circulations - "is practical consciousness" (Marx and Engels, German Ideology) and that culture, far from being autonomous, is always and ultimately a social articulation of the material relations of production. Canonical feminism in all its forms localizes gender and sexuality in the name of honoring their differences and the specificities of their oppression. In doing so, it isolates them from history and reduces them to "events" in performativities, thus cleansing them of labor. For Red Feminism, the local, the specific and the singular, namely the "concrete," is always an "imagined concrete" and the result of "many determinations and relations" that "all form the members of a totality, distinctions within a unity. Production (labor relations) predominates not only over itself . . . but over the other moments as well" (Marx, Grundrisse). Going against the grain of the canonical theories and instead of making woman "singular," I situate gender and sexuality in the world historical processes of labor and capital. My analysis of gender and sexuality will, predictably enough, be rejected by mainstream feminism as too removed, too abstract, too theoretical and, therefore, a form of exclusion of women as difference. I do not deny difference. I simply do not see difference as autonomous and immanent. Rather, I understand difference as always and ultimately determined by class difference - that is, by relations of property.
4 -The university has become the cornerstone of production, where research and learning has become more and more focused on using students as capital for knowledge economies and mass capitalist globalization
5 -Peters and Besley 06 (Michael A. Peters and A.C. Besley, Building Knowledge Cultures: Education and Development in the Age of Knowledge Capitalism, 2006, pp 24-25, 7/5/2016)
6 -It is not hard to make the leap from informatization and the postmodernization of production to an understanding of the implications for higher education or, indeed, schooling per se. In this context, we can easily talk of the informatization of knowledge production. We can recognize, as have many national governments, the significance of higher education in the knowledge economy, and the role of research in bolstering productivity. Many of the strategies concerning technology transfer have been centered on universities, with an emphasis on partnerships with business and the development of new start-up and spin-off companies. Governments have also tried to encourage the “clustering” of universities as a means of regional development. There has been a general reorientation of university curricula toward more practical and vocational knowledge, and university teachers and lectures are increasingly encouraged to engage in e-learning and to prepare their lectures as part of online courses. In this context, the questions of immaterial labor, intellectual property, and the culturalization of economic knowledge become leading policy issues. The World Bank recognizes the importance of tertiary education systems for developing and transitional economies, which face significant new trends regarding the convergent impacts of globalization, the information and communication revolutions, and the increasing importance of knowledge as a main driver of growth. The bank now argues that the role of tertiary education in the construction of knowledge economies and democratic societies is more influential than ever and that tertiary education is central to knowledge creation and production. At the same time, there is the danger of a growing digital divide between strata within developing countries between North and South. In a major report, Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education, the World Bank (2002) describes how tertiary education contributes to building up a country’s capacity for participating in an increasingly knowledge-based world economy. It also investigates policy options for tertiary education that have the potential to enhance economic growth and reduce poverty. In some ways, the report indicates new directions. While it expands on Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience (World Bank 1994), it also emphasizes new trends, particularly the emerging role of knowledge as a major driver of economic development, and greater competition from nontraditional providers in a “borderless education” environment. The report recognizes that modes of delivery and organizational structures will become transformed as a result of the communications revolution. It comments on the rise of market forces in tertiary education and the emergence of a global market for advanced human capital.
7 -Capitalism causes extinction, structural violence, and inequality
8 -Robinson 16. William Robinson is a Professor of Sociology, Global Studies, and Latin American Studies @ UC Santa Barbara. “Sadistic Capitalism: Six Urgent Matters for Humanity in Global Crisis,” Truthout, 4/12/16, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/35596-sadistic-capitalism-six-urgent-matters-for-humanity-in-global-crisis VR
9 -In these mean streets of globalized capitalism in crisis, it has become profitable to turn poverty and inequality into a tourist attraction. The South African Emoya Luxury Hotel and Spa company has made a glamorized spectacle of it. The resort recently advertised an opportunity for tourists to stay "in our unique Shanty Town ... and experience traditional township living within a safe private game reserve environment." A cluster of simulated shanties outside of Bloemfontein that the company has constructed "is ideal for team building, braais, bachelors parties, theme parties and an experience of a lifetime," read the ad. The luxury accommodations, made to appear from the outside as shacks, featured paraffin lamps, candles, a battery-operated radio, an outside toilet, a drum and fireplace for cooking, as well as under-floor heating, air conditioning and wireless internet access. A well-dressed, young white couple is pictured embracing in a field with the corrugated tin shanties in the background. The only thing missing in this fantasy world of sanitized space and glamorized poverty was the people themselves living in poverty. The "luxury shanty town" in South Africa is a fitting metaphor for global capitalism as a whole. Faced with a stagnant global economy, elites have managed to turn war, structural violence and inequality into opportunities for capital, pleasure and entertainment. It is hard not to conclude that unchecked capitalism has become what I term "sadistic capitalism," in which the suffering and deprivation generated by capitalism become a source of aesthetic pleasure, leisure and entertainment for others. I recently had the opportunity to travel through several countries in Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa, East Asia and throughout North America. I was on sabbatical to research what the global crisis looks like on the ground around the world. Everywhere I went, social polarization and political tensions have reached explosive dimensions. Where is the crisis headed, what are the possible outcomes and what does it tell us about global capitalism and resistance? This crisis is not like earlier structural crises of world capitalism, such as in the 1930s or 1970s. This one is fast becoming systemic. The crisis of humanity shares aspects of earlier structural crises of world capitalism, but there are six novel, interrelated dimensions to the current moment that I highlight here, in broad strokes, as the "big picture" context in which countries and peoples around the world are experiencing a descent into chaos and uncertainty. 1) The level of global social polarization and inequality is unprecedented in the face of out-of-control, over-accumulated capital. In January 2016, the development agency Oxfam published a follow-up to its report on global inequality that had been released the previous year. According to the new report, now just 62 billionaires ~-~- down from 80 identified by the agency in its January 2015 report ~-~- control as much wealth as one half of the world's population, and the top 1 owns more wealth than the other 99 combined. Beyond the transnational capitalist class and the upper echelons of the global power bloc, the richest 20 percent of humanity owns some 95 percent of the world's wealth, while the bottom 80 percent has to make do with just 5 percent. This 20-80 divide of global society into haves and the have-nots is the new global social apartheid. It is evident not just between rich and poor countries, but within each country, North and South, with the rise of new affluent high-consumption sectors alongside the downward mobility, "precariatization," destabilization and expulsion of majorities. Escalating inequalities fuel capitalism's chronic problem of over-accumulation: The transnational capitalist class cannot find productive outlets to unload the enormous amounts of surplus it has accumulated, leading to stagnation in the world economy. The signs of an impending depression are everywhere. The front page of the February 20 issue of The Economist read, "The World Economy: Out of Ammo?" Extreme levels of social polarization present a challenge to dominant groups. They strive to purchase the loyalty of that 20 percent, while at the same time dividing the 80 percent, co-opting some into a hegemonic bloc and repressing the rest. Alongside the spread of frightening new systems of social control and repression is heightened dissemination through the culture industries and corporate marketing strategies that depoliticize through consumerist fantasies and the manipulation of desire. As "Trumpism" in the United States so well illustrates, another strategy of co-optation is the manipulation of fear and insecurity among the downwardly mobile so that social anxiety is channeled toward scapegoated communities. This psychosocial mechanism of displacing mass anxieties is not new, but it appears to be increasing around the world in the face of the structural destabilization of capitalist globalization. Scapegoated communities are under siege, such as the Rohingya in Myanmar, the Muslim minority in India, the Kurds in Turkey, southern African immigrants in South Africa, and Syrian and Iraqi refugees and other immigrants in Europe. As with its 20th century predecessor, 21st century fascism hinges on such manipulation of social anxiety at a time of acute capitalist crisis. Extreme inequality requires extreme violence and repression that lend to projects of 21st century fascism. 2) The system is fast reaching the ecological limits to its reproduction. We have reached several tipping points in what environmental scientists refer to as nine crucial "planetary boundaries." We have already exceeded these boundaries in three areas ~-~- climate change, the nitrogen cycle and diversity loss. There have been five previous mass extinctions in earth's history. While all these were due to natural causes, for the first time ever, human conduct is intersecting with and fundamentally altering the earth system. We have entered what Paul Crutzen, the Dutch environmental scientist and Nobel Prize winner, termed the Anthropocene ~-~- a new age in which humans have transformed up to half of the world's surface. We are altering the composition of the atmosphere and acidifying the oceans at a rate that undermines the conditions for life. The ecological long after everything people have written and painted and built has been ground into dust." Capitalism cannot be held solely responsible. The human-nature contradiction has deep roots in civilization itself. The ancient Sumerian empires, for example, collapsed after the population dimensions of global crisis cannot be understated. "We are deciding, without quite meaning to, which evolutionary pathways will remain open and which will forever be closed," observes Elizabeth Kolbert in her best seller, The Sixth Extinction. "No other creature has ever managed this ... The Sixth Extinction will continue to determine the course of life over-salinated their crop soil. The Mayan city-state network collapsed about AD 900 due to deforestation. And the former Soviet Union wrecked havoc on the environment. However, given capital's implacable impulse to accumulate profit and its accelerated commodification of nature, it is difficult to imagine that the environmental catastrophe can be resolved within the capitalist system. "Green capitalism" appears as an oxymoron, as sadistic capitalism's attempt to turn the ecological crisis into a profit-making opportunity, along with the conversion of poverty into a tourist attraction. 3) The sheer magnitude of the means of violence is unprecedented, as is the concentrated control over the means of global communications and the production and circulation of knowledge, symbols and images. We have seen the spread of frightening new systems of social control and repression that have brought us into the panoptical surveillance society and the age of thought control. This real-life Orwellian world is in a sense more perturbing than that described by George Orwell in his iconic novel 1984. In that fictional world, people were compelled to give their obedience to the state ("Big Brother") in exchange for a quiet existence with guarantees of employment, housing and other social necessities. Now, however, the corporate and political powers that be force obedience even as the means of survival are denied to the vast majority. Global apartheid involves the creation of "green zones" that are cordoned off in each locale around the world where elites are insulated through new systems of spatial reorganization, social control and policing. "Green zone" refers to the nearly impenetrable area in central Baghdad that US occupation forces established in the wake of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The command center of the occupation and select Iraqi elite inside that green zone were protected from the violence and chaos that engulfed the country. Urban areas around the world are now green zoned through gentrification, gated communities, surveillance systems, and state and private violence. Inside the world's green zones, privileged strata avail themselves of privatized social services, consumption and entertainment. They can work and communicate through internet and satellite sealed off under the protection of armies of soldiers, police and private security forces. Green zoning takes on distinct forms in each locality. In Palestine, I witnessed such zoning in the form of Israeli military checkpoints, Jewish settler-only roads and the apartheid wall. In Mexico City, the most exclusive residential areas in the upscale Santa Fe District are accessible only by helicopter and private gated roads. In Johannesburg, a surreal drive through the exclusive Sandton City area reveals rows of mansions that appear as military compounds, with private armed towers and electrical and barbed-wire fences. In Cairo, I toured satellite cities ringing the impoverished center and inner suburbs where the country's elite could live out their aspirations and fantasies. They sport gated residential complexes with spotless green lawns, private leisure and shopping centers and English-language international schools under the protection of military checkpoints and private security police. In other cities, green zoning is subtler but no less effective. In Los Angeles, where I live, the freeway system now has an express lane reserved for those that can pay an exorbitant toll. On this lane, the privileged speed by, while the rest remain one lane over, stuck in the city's notorious bumper-to-bumper traffic ~-~- or even worse, in notoriously underfunded and underdeveloped public transportation, where it may take half a day to get to and from work. There is no barrier separating this express lane from the others. However, a near-invisible closed surveillance system monitors every movement. If a vehicle without authorization shifts into the exclusive lane, it is instantly recorded by this surveillance system and a heavy fine is imposed on the driver, under threat of impoundment, while freeway police patrols are ubiquitous. Outside of the global green zones, warfare and police containment have become normalized and sanitized for those not directly at the receiving end of armed aggression. "Militainment" ~-~- portraying and even glamorizing war and violence as entertaining spectacles through Hollywood films and television police shows, computer games and corporate "news" channels ~-~- may be the epitome of sadistic capitalism. It desensitizes, bringing about complacency and indifference. In between the green zones and outright warfare are prison industrial complexes, immigrant and refugee repression and control systems, the criminalization of outcast communities and capitalist schooling. The omnipresent media and cultural apparatuses of the corporate economy, in particular, aim to colonize the mind ~-~- to undermine the ability to think critically and outside the dominant worldview. A neofascist culture emerges through militarism, extreme masculinization, racism and racist mobilizations against scapegoats. 4) We are reaching limits to the extensive expansion of capitalism. Capitalism is like riding a bicycle: When you stop pedaling the bicycle, you fall over. If the capitalist system stops expanding outward, it enters crisis and faces collapse. In each earlier structural crisis, the system went through a new round of extensive expansion ~-~- from waves of colonial conquest in earlier centuries, to the integration in the late 20th and early 21st centuries of the former socialist countries, China, India and other areas that had been marginally outside the system. There are no longer any new territories to integrate into world capitalism. Meanwhile, the privatization of education, health care, utilities, basic services and public land are turning those spaces in global society that were outside of capital's control into "spaces of capital." Even poverty has been turned into a commodity. What is there left to commodify? Where can the system now expand? With the limits to expansion comes a turn toward militarized accumulation ~-~- making wars of endless destruction and reconstruction and expanding the militarization of social and political institutions so as to continue to generate new opportunities for accumulation in the face of stagnation. 5) There is the rise of a vast surplus population inhabiting a "planet of slums," alienated from the productive economy, thrown into the margins and subject to these sophisticated systems of social control and destruction. Global capitalism has no direct use for surplus humanity. But indirectly, it holds wages down everywhere and makes new systems of 21st century slavery possible. These systems include prison labor, the forced recruitment of miners at gunpoint by warlords contracted by global corporations to dig up valuable minerals in the Congo, sweatshops and exploited immigrant communities (including the rising tide of immigrant female caregivers for affluent populations). Furthermore, the global working class is experiencing accelerated "precariatization." The "new precariat" refers to the proletariat that faces capital under today's unstable and precarious labor relations ~-~- informalization, casualization, part-time, temp, immigrant and contract labor. As communities are uprooted everywhere, there is a rising reserve army of immigrant labor. The global working class is becoming divided into citizen and immigrant workers. The latter are particularly attractive to transnational capital, as the lack of citizenship rights makes them particularly vulnerable, and therefore, exploitable. The challenge for dominant groups is how to contain the real and potential rebellion of surplus humanity, the immigrant workforce and the precariat. How can they contain the explosive contradictions of this system? The 21st century megacities become the battlegrounds between mass resistance movements and the new systems of mass repression. Some populations in these cities (and also in abandoned countryside) are at risk of genocide, such as those in Gaza, zones in Somalia and Congo, and swaths of Iraq and Syria. 6) There is a disjuncture between a globalizing economy and a nation-state-based system of political authority. Transnational state apparatuses are incipient and do not wield enough power and authority to organize and stabilize the system, much less to impose regulations on runaway transnational capital. In the wake of the 2008 financial collapse, for instance, the governments of the G-8 and G-20 were unable to impose transnational regulation on the global financial system, despite a series of emergency summits to discuss such regulation. Elites historically have attempted to resolve the problems of over-accumulation by state policies that can regulate the anarchy of the market. However, in recent decades, transnational capital has broken free from the constraints imposed by the nation-state. The more "enlightened" elite representatives of the transnational capitalist class are now clamoring for transnational mechanisms of regulation that would allow the global ruling class to reign in the anarchy of the system in the interests of saving global capitalism from itself and from radical challenges from below. At the same time, the division of the world into some 200 competing nation-states is not the most propitious of circumstances for the global working class. Victories in popular struggles from below in any one country or region can (and often do) become diverted and even undone by the structural power of transnational capital and the direct political and military domination that this structural power affords the dominant groups. In Greece, for instance, the leftist Syriza party came to power in 2015 on the heels of militant worker struggles and a mass uprising. But the party abandoned its radical program as a result of the enormous pressure exerted on it from the European Central Bank and private international creditors. The Systemic Critique of Global Capitalism A growing number of transnational elites themselves now recognize that any resolution to the global crisis must involve redistribution downward of income. However, in the viewpoint of those from below, a neo-Keynesian redistribution within the prevailing corporate power structure is not enough. What is required is a redistribution of power downward and transformation toward a system in which social need trumps private profit. A global rebellion against the transnational capitalist class has spread since the financial collapse of 2008. Wherever one looks, there is popular, grassroots and leftist struggle, and the rise of new cultures of resistance: the Arab Spring; the resurgence of leftist politics in Greece, Spain and elsewhere in Europe; the tenacious resistance of Mexican social movements following the Ayotzinapa massacre of 2014; the favela uprising in Brazil against the government's World Cup and Olympic expulsion policies; the student strikes in Chile; the remarkable surge in the Chinese workers' movement; the shack dwellers and other poor people's campaigns in South Africa; Occupy Wall Street, the immigrant rights movement, Black Lives Matter, fast food workers' struggle and the mobilization around the Bernie Sanders presidential campaign in the United States. This global revolt is spread unevenly and faces many challenges. A number of these struggles, moreover, have suffered setbacks, such as the Greek working-class movement and, tragically, the Arab Spring. What type of a transformation is viable, and how do we achieve it? How we interpret the global crisis is itself a matter of vital importance as politics polarize worldwide between a neofascist and a popular response. The systemic critique of global capitalism must strive to influence, from this vantage point, the discourse and practice of movements for a more just distribution of wealth and power. Our survival may depend on it.
10 -Our alternative is to vote negative to refuse to participate in activities that support capitalism – key to hollowing out capitalist structures.
11 -Herod 4. Herod, Columbia University Graduate and Political Activist, 2004 (James, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm, JC)
12 -It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely, a strategy for destroying capitalism. This strategy, at its most basic, calls for pulling time, energy, and resources out of capitalist civilization and putting them into building a new civilization. The image then is one of emptying out capitalist structures, hollowing them out, by draining wealth, power, and meaning out of them until there is nothing left but shells. This is definitely an aggressive strategy. It requires great militancy, and constitutes an attack on the existing order. The strategy clearly recognizes that capitalism is the enemy and must be destroyed, but it is not a frontal attack aimed at overthrowing the system, but an inside attack aimed at gutting it, while simultaneously replacing it with something better, something we want. Thus capitalist structures (corporations, governments, banks, schools, etc.) are not seized so much as simply abandoned. Capitalist relations are not fought so much as they are simply rejected. We stop participating in activities that support (finance, condone) the capitalist world and start participating in activities that build a new world while simultaneously undermining the old. We create a new pattern of social relations alongside capitalist relations and then we continually build and strengthen our new pattern while doing every thing we can to weaken capitalist relations. In this way our new democratic, non-hierarchical, non-commodified relations can eventually overwhelm the capitalist relations and force them out of existence. This is how it has to be done. This is a plausible, realistic strategy. To think that we could create a whole new world of decent social arrangements overnight, in the midst of a crisis, during a so-called revolution, or during the collapse of capitalism, is foolhardy. Our new social world must grow within the old, and in opposition to it, until it is strong enough to dismantle and abolish capitalist relations. Such a revolution will never happen automatically, blindly, determinably, because of the inexorable, materialist laws of history. It will happen, and only happen, because we want it to, and because we know what we’re doing and know how we want to live, and know what obstacles have to be overcome before we can live that way, and know how to distinguish between our social patterns and theirs. But we must not think that the capitalist world can simply be ignored, in a live and let live attitude, while we try to build new lives elsewhere. (There is no elsewhere.) There is at least one thing, wage-slavery, that we can’t simply stop participating in (but even here there are ways we can chip away at it). Capitalism must be explicitly refused and replaced by something else. This constitutes War, but it is not a war in the traditional sense of armies and tanks, but a war fought on a daily basis, on the level of everyday life, by millions of people. It is a war nevertheless because the accumulators of capital will use coercion, brutality, and murder, as they have always done in the past, to try to block any rejection of the system. They have always had to force compliance; they will not hesitate to continue doing so. Nevertheless, there are many concrete ways that individuals, groups, and neighborhoods can gut capitalism, which I will enumerate shortly. We must always keep in mind how we became slaves; then we can see more clearly how we can cease being slaves. We were forced into wage-slavery because the ruling class slowly, systematically, and brutally destroyed our ability to live autonomously. By driving us off the land, changing the property laws, destroying community rights, destroying our tools, imposing taxes, destroying our local markets, and so forth, we were forced onto the labor market in order to survive, our only remaining option being to sell, for a wage, our ability to work. It’s quite clear then how we can overthrow slavery. We must reverse this process. We must begin to reacquire the ability to live without working for a wage or buying the products made by wage-slaves (that is, we must get free from the labor market and the way of living based on it), and embed ourselves instead in cooperative labor and cooperatively produced goods. Another clarification is needed. This strategy does not call for reforming capitalism, for changing capitalism into something else. It calls for replacing capitalism, totally, with a new civilization. This is an important distinction, because capitalism has proved impervious to reforms, as a system. We can sometimes in some places win certain concessions from it (usually only temporary ones) and win some (usually short-lived) improvements in our lives as its victims, but we cannot reform it piecemeal, as a system. Thus our strategy of gutting and eventually destroying capitalism requires at a minimum a totalizing image, an awareness that we are attacking an entire way of life and replacing it with another, and not merely reforming one way of life into something else. Many people may not be accustomed to thinking about entire systems and social orders, but everyone knows what a lifestyle is, or a way of life, and that is the way we should approach it. The thing is this: in order for capitalism to be destroyed millions and millions of people must be dissatisfied with their way of life. They must want something else and see certain existing things as obstacles to getting what they want. It is not useful to think of this as a new ideology. It is not merely a belief-system that is needed, like a religion, or like Marxism, or Anarchism. Rather it is a new prevailing vision, a dominant desire, an overriding need. What must exist is a pressing desire to live a certain way, and not to live another way. If this pressing desire were a desire to live free, to be autonomous, to live in democratically controlled communities, to participate in the self-regulating activities of a mature people, then capitalism could be destroyed. Otherwise we are doomed to perpetual slavery and possibly even to extinction.
13 -Capitalism prevents any sort of ethics.
14 -Zizek and Daly 04 (Slavoj, professor of philosophy at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana, and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek, pg 14-16)
15 -For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol and recognize that our ethico-political responsibility is to confront the constitutive violence of today's global capitalism and its obscene naturalization/anonymization of the millions who are subjugated by it throughout the world. Against the standardized positions of postmodern culture - with all its pieties concerning 'multiculturalist' etiquette - Zizek is arguing for a politics that might be called 'radically incorrect' in the sense that it breaks with these types of positions and focuses instead on the very organizing principles of today's social reality: the principles of global liberal capitalism. This requires some care and subtlety. For too long, Marxism has been bedevilled by an almost fetishistic economism that has tended towards political morbidity. With the likes of Hilferding and Gramsci, and more recently Laclau and Mouffe, crucial theoretical advances have been made that enable the trascendence of all forms of economism. in this new context, however, Zizek argues that the problem that now presents itself is almost that of the opposite fetish. That is to say, the prohibitive anxieties surrounding the taboo of economism can function as a way of not engaging with the economic reality and as a way of implicitly accepting the latter as a basic horizon of existence. In an ironic Freudian-Lacanian twist, the fear of economism can end up reinforcing a de facto economic necessity in respect of contemporary capitalism (i.e. the initial prohibition conjures up the very thing it fears). This is not to endorse any retrograde return to economism. Zizek's point is rather that in rejecting economism we should not lose sight of the systemic power of capital in shaping the lives and destinies of humanity and our very sense of the possible. In particular, we should not overlook Marx's central insight that in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system. What is persistently denied by neo-liberals such as Rorty (1989) and Fukuyama (1992) is that the gentrification of global liberal capitalism is one whose 'universalism' fundamentally reproduces and depends upon a disavowed violence that excludes vast sectors of the world's population. In this way, neo-liberal ideology attempts to naturalize capitalism by presenting its outcomes of winning and losing as if they were simply a matter of chance and sound judgement in a neutral marketplace. Capitalism does indeed create a space for a certain diversity, at least for the central capitalist regions, but it is neither neutral nor ideal and its price in terms of social exclusion is exorbitant. That is to say, the human cost in terms of inherent global poverty and degraded 'life-chances' cannot be calculated within the existing economic rationale and, in consequence, social exclusion remains mystified and nameless (viz. the patronizing reference to the developing world). And Zizek's point is that this mystification is magnified through capitalism's profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity; to redirect (or misdirect) social antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation. Instead of Bolshevism, the tendency of today is towards a kind of political boutiquism that is readily sustained by postmodern forms of consumerism and lifestyle. Against this Zizek argues for a new universalism whose primary ethical directive is to confront the fact that our forms of social existence are founded on exclusion on a global scale. While it is perfectly true that universalism can never become Universal (it will always require a hegemonic-particular embodiment in order to have any meaning), what is novel about Zizek's universalism is that it would not attempt to conceal this fact or to reduce the status of the abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-08-09 00:56:47.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Adam Brown
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Katy Taylor AW
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -22
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -3
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Garland PHAM Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jan-Feb Cap K vs Fem Affs
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TDC Practice Rounds
Caselist.RoundClass[14]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -25,26
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-03-10 20:19:21.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Chris Vincent
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Clear Brook DW
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -6
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,3 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC- canadian social housing model
2 -1nc- states cp debt da aca politics case
3 -2NR- states cp debt da
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TFA State
Caselist.RoundClass[17]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -27,28
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-04-21 21:40:09.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Aabid Shivji
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Grapevine TS
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,3 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC- IPV Housing
2 -1NC- Biopower K Victims K Case
3 -2NR- Biopower K case
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -NSDA Lone Star
Caselist.RoundClass[18]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -29
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-04-24 13:41:32.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Martinez, Seaman, Shofner
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Greenhill AM
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -5
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC - IPV Aff
2 -1N - Patriarchy NC
3 -1AR 2AR - All
4 -2N - All
5 -Note Stock Round
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -NSDA Lone Star
Caselist.RoundClass[21]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -30,31
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-08-03 02:47:45.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Melissa Chau
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Strake Jesuit AN
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,4 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC - Untopical Asian Identity Aff
2 -1N - T (Framework) Cap K Case
3 -1AR 2AR - All
4 -2N - K Case
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TDC Practice Rounds
Caselist.RoundClass[22]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -32,33,34
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-08-09 00:56:43.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Adam Brown
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Katy Taylor AW
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -3
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC - Sexual Assault Survivors Aff
2 -1N - T-any Title IX CP Cap K case
3 -1AR - all
4 -2N - T-any
5 -2AR - Case T-any
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TDC Practice Rounds

Schools

Aberdeen Central (SD)
Acton-Boxborough (MA)
Albany (CA)
Albuquerque Academy (NM)
Alief Taylor (TX)
American Heritage Boca Delray (FL)
American Heritage Plantation (FL)
Anderson (TX)
Annie Wright (WA)
Apple Valley (MN)
Appleton East (WI)
Arbor View (NV)
Arcadia (CA)
Archbishop Mitty (CA)
Ardrey Kell (NC)
Ashland (OR)
Athens (TX)
Bainbridge (WA)
Bakersfield (CA)
Barbers Hill (TX)
Barrington (IL)
BASIS Mesa (AZ)
BASIS Scottsdale (AZ)
BASIS Silicon (CA)
Beckman (CA)
Bellarmine (CA)
Benjamin Franklin (LA)
Benjamin N Cardozo (NY)
Bentonville (AR)
Bergen County (NJ)
Bettendorf (IA)
Bingham (UT)
Blue Valley Southwest (KS)
Brentwood (CA)
Brentwood Middle (CA)
Bridgewater-Raritan (NJ)
Bronx Science (NY)
Brophy College Prep (AZ)
Brown (KY)
Byram Hills (NY)
Byron Nelson (TX)
Cabot (AR)
Calhoun Homeschool (TX)
Cambridge Rindge (MA)
Canyon Crest (CA)
Canyon Springs (NV)
Cape Fear Academy (NC)
Carmel Valley Independent (CA)
Carpe Diem (NJ)
Cedar Park (TX)
Cedar Ridge (TX)
Centennial (ID)
Centennial (TX)
Center For Talented Youth (MD)
Cerritos (CA)
Chaminade (CA)
Chandler (AZ)
Chandler Prep (AZ)
Chaparral (AZ)
Charles E Smith (MD)
Cherokee (OK)
Christ Episcopal (LA)
Christopher Columbus (FL)
Cinco Ranch (TX)
Citrus Valley (CA)
Claremont (CA)
Clark (NV)
Clark (TX)
Clear Brook (TX)
Clements (TX)
Clovis North (CA)
College Prep (CA)
Collegiate (NY)
Colleyville Heritage (TX)
Concord Carlisle (MA)
Concordia Lutheran (TX)
Connally (TX)
Coral Glades (FL)
Coral Science (NV)
Coral Springs (FL)
Coppell (TX)
Copper Hills (UT)
Corona Del Sol (AZ)
Crandall (TX)
Crossroads (CA)
Cupertino (CA)
Cy-Fair (TX)
Cypress Bay (FL)
Cypress Falls (TX)
Cypress Lakes (TX)
Cypress Ridge (TX)
Cypress Springs (TX)
Cypress Woods (TX)
Dallastown (PA)
Davis (CA)
Delbarton (NJ)
Derby (KS)
Des Moines Roosevelt (IA)
Desert Vista (AZ)
Diamond Bar (CA)
Dobson (AZ)
Dougherty Valley (CA)
Dowling Catholic (IA)
Dripping Springs (TX)
Dulles (TX)
duPont Manual (KY)
Dwyer (FL)
Eagle (ID)
Eastside Catholic (WA)
Edgemont (NY)
Edina (MN)
Edmond North (OK)
Edmond Santa Fe (OK)
El Cerrito (CA)
Elkins (TX)
Enloe (NC)
Episcopal (TX)
Evanston (IL)
Evergreen Valley (CA)
Ferris (TX)
Flintridge Sacred Heart (CA)
Flower Mound (TX)
Fordham Prep (NY)
Fort Lauderdale (FL)
Fort Walton Beach (FL)
Freehold Township (NJ)
Fremont (NE)
Frontier (MO)
Gabrielino (CA)
Garland (TX)
George Ranch (TX)
Georgetown Day (DC)
Gig Harbor (WA)
Gilmour (OH)
Glenbrook South (IL)
Gonzaga Prep (WA)
Grand Junction (CO)
Grapevine (TX)
Green Valley (NV)
Greenhill (TX)
Guyer (TX)
Hamilton (AZ)
Hamilton (MT)
Harker (CA)
Harmony (TX)
Harrison (NY)
Harvard Westlake (CA)
Hawken (OH)
Head Royce (CA)
Hebron (TX)
Heights (MD)
Hendrick Hudson (NY)
Henry Grady (GA)
Highland (UT)
Highland (ID)
Hockaday (TX)
Holy Cross (LA)
Homewood Flossmoor (IL)
Hopkins (MN)
Houston Homeschool (TX)
Hunter College (NY)
Hutchinson (KS)
Immaculate Heart (CA)
Independent (All)
Interlake (WA)
Isidore Newman (LA)
Jack C Hays (TX)
James Bowie (TX)
Jefferson City (MO)
Jersey Village (TX)
John Marshall (CA)
Juan Diego (UT)
Jupiter (FL)
Kapaun Mount Carmel (KS)
Kamiak (WA)
Katy Taylor (TX)
Keller (TX)
Kempner (TX)
Kent Denver (CO)
King (FL)
Kingwood (TX)
Kinkaid (TX)
Klein (TX)
Klein Oak (TX)
Kudos College (CA)
La Canada (CA)
La Costa Canyon (CA)
La Jolla (CA)
La Reina (CA)
Lafayette (MO)
Lake Highland (FL)
Lake Travis (TX)
Lakeville North (MN)
Lakeville South (MN)
Lamar (TX)
LAMP (AL)
Law Magnet (TX)
Langham Creek (TX)
Lansing (KS)
LaSalle College (PA)
Lawrence Free State (KS)
Layton (UT)
Leland (CA)
Leucadia Independent (CA)
Lexington (MA)
Liberty Christian (TX)
Lincoln (OR)
Lincoln (NE)
Lincoln East (NE)
Lindale (TX)
Livingston (NJ)
Logan (UT)
Lone Peak (UT)
Los Altos (CA)
Los Osos (CA)
Lovejoy (TX)
Loyola (CA)
Loyola Blakefield (MA)
Lynbrook (CA)
Maeser Prep (UT)
Mannford (OK)
Marcus (TX)
Marlborough (CA)
McClintock (AZ)
McDowell (PA)
McNeil (TX)
Meadows (NV)
Memorial (TX)
Millard North (NE)
Millard South (NE)
Millard West (NE)
Millburn (NJ)
Milpitas (CA)
Miramonte (CA)
Mission San Jose (CA)
Monsignor Kelly (TX)
Monta Vista (CA)
Montclair Kimberley (NJ)
Montgomery (TX)
Monticello (NY)
Montville Township (NJ)
Morris Hills (NJ)
Mountain Brook (AL)
Mountain Pointe (AZ)
Mountain View (CA)
Mountain View (AZ)
Murphy Middle (TX)
NCSSM (NC)
New Orleans Jesuit (LA)
New Trier (IL)
Newark Science (NJ)
Newburgh Free Academy (NY)
Newport (WA)
North Allegheny (PA)
North Crowley (TX)
North Hollywood (CA)
Northland Christian (TX)
Northwood (CA)
Notre Dame (CA)
Nueva (CA)
Oak Hall (FL)
Oakwood (CA)
Okoboji (IA)
Oxbridge (FL)
Oxford (CA)
Pacific Ridge (CA)
Palm Beach Gardens (FL)
Palo Alto Independent (CA)
Palos Verdes Peninsula (CA)
Park Crossing (AL)
Peak to Peak (CO)
Pembroke Pines (FL)
Pennsbury (PA)
Phillips Academy Andover (MA)
Phoenix Country Day (AZ)
Pine Crest (FL)
Pingry (NJ)
Pittsburgh Central Catholic (PA)
Plano East (TX)
Polytechnic (CA)
Presentation (CA)
Princeton (NJ)
Prosper (TX)
Quarry Lane (CA)
Raisbeck-Aviation (WA)
Rancho Bernardo (CA)
Randolph (NJ)
Reagan (TX)
Richardson (TX)
Ridge (NJ)
Ridge Point (TX)
Riverside (SC)
Robert Vela (TX)
Rosemount (MN)
Roseville (MN)
Round Rock (TX)
Rowland Hall (UT)
Royse City (TX)
Ruston (LA)
Sacred Heart (MA)
Sacred Heart (MS)
Sage Hill (CA)
Sage Ridge (NV)
Salado (TX)
Salpointe Catholic (AZ)
Sammamish (WA)
San Dieguito (CA)
San Marino (CA)
SandHoke (NC)
Santa Monica (CA)
Sarasota (FL)
Saratoga (CA)
Scarsdale (NY)
Servite (CA)
Seven Lakes (TX)
Shawnee Mission East (KS)
Shawnee Mission Northwest (KS)
Shawnee Mission South (KS)
Shawnee Mission West (KS)
Sky View (UT)
Skyline (UT)
Smithson Valley (TX)
Southlake Carroll (TX)
Sprague (OR)
St Agnes (TX)
St Andrews (MS)
St Francis (CA)
St James (AL)
St Johns (TX)
St Louis Park (MN)
St Margarets (CA)
St Marys Hall (TX)
St Thomas (MN)
St Thomas (TX)
Stephen F Austin (TX)
Stoneman Douglas (FL)
Stony Point (TX)
Strake Jesuit (TX)
Stratford (TX)
Stratford Independent (CA)
Stuyvesant (NY)
Success Academy (NY)
Sunnyslope (AZ)
Sunset (OR)
Syosset (NY)
Tahoma (WA)
Talley (AZ)
Texas Academy of Math and Science (TX)
Thomas Jefferson (VA)
Thompkins (TX)
Timber Creek (FL)
Timothy Christian (NJ)
Tom C Clark (TX)
Tompkins (TX)
Torrey Pines (CA)
Travis (TX)
Trinity (KY)
Trinity Prep (FL)
Trinity Valley (TX)
Truman (PA)
Turlock (CA)
Union (OK)
Unionville (PA)
University High (CA)
University School (OH)
University (FL)
Upper Arlington (OH)
Upper Dublin (PA)
Valley (IA)
Valor Christian (CO)
Vashon (WA)
Ventura (CA)
Veritas Prep (AZ)
Vestavia Hills (AL)
Vincentian (PA)
Walla Walla (WA)
Walt Whitman (MD)
Warren (TX)
Wenatchee (WA)
West (UT)
West Ranch (CA)
Westford (MA)
Westlake (TX)
Westview (OR)
Westwood (TX)
Whitefish Bay (WI)
Whitney (CA)
Wilson (DC)
Winston Churchill (TX)
Winter Springs (FL)
Woodlands (TX)
Woodlands College Park (TX)
Wren (SC)
Yucca Valley (CA)