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1		-Edgemont Lee Aff
	1	+=AC=
	2	+
	3	+
	4	+==Part one: Framework==
	5	+
	6	+
	7	+====Policymakers don’t have the reflexive capacity of individuals; util is only viable option. Goodin 95.====
	8	+Goodin 95 – Professor of Philosophy at the Research School of the Social Sciences at the Australian National University (Robert E., Cambridge University Press, "Utilitarianism As a Public Philosophy" pg 63)
	9	+My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation
	10	+AND
	11	+, aggregates and averages is just not sufficiently fine-grained for that.
	12	+
	13	+
	14	+====Therefore, the standard is maximizing life.====
	15	+
	16	+
	17	+====1. Epistemic uncertainty means we must prioritize the survival of the human race to ensure future value. Bostrom 12====
	18	+Bostrom ~~[Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012)~~] AR Lab LM
	19	+These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential
	20	+AND
	21	+of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.
	22	+
	23	+
	24	+====2. Extinction risks outweigh everything else regardless of probability. Matheny 07====
	25	+MATHENY 7 (Jason, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, "Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction," Risk Analysis, Vol 27, No 5) AR Lab LM
	26	+Even if extinction events are improbable, the expected values of countermeasures could be large
	27	+AND
	28	+between risks that threaten 99% of humanity and those that threaten 100%.
	29	+
	30	+
	31	+====And, these impacts warrant extra attention regardless of their likelihood Rescher 83====
	32	+**Rescher, Prof. of Philosophy, 83 Nicholas Rescher (Department of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh) 1983 Risk: A Philosophical Introduction to the theory of risk evaluation, p. 67 **AR Lab LM
	33	+In such situations we are dealing with hazards that are just not in the same
	34	+AND
	35	+alternative as involving risks that are, in the circumstances, "unacceptable".
	36	+
	37	+
	38	+==Part two: Inherency==
	39	+
	40	+
	41	+====Despite phase out plans in some EU countries – EU nuclear power production is set to expand in the future. Sputnik International 16====
	42	+Sputnik International, 5/17/16 ~~["Going Nuclear: Europe to Build NPPs to Avoid Energy Dependence on Russia", https://sputniknews.com/europe/20160517/1039761181/europe-nuclear-power-plants.html, BJM~~]
	43	+The construction of more nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Europe will help the
	44	+AND
	45	+EU plans" from German Minister of Economic Affairs and Energy Sigmar Gabriel.
	46	+
	47	+
	48	+====Progress for EU phaseout plans requires cooperation. Sovacool 16 ====
	49	+Lawrence, Sovacool, & Sterling, June 2016 ~~[Andrew, International Relations, Vienna School of International Studies, Vienna, Austria, Benjamin & Andrew, SPRU – Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, "Nuclear energy and path dependence in Europe’s ‘Energy union’: coherence or continued divergence?", Climate Policy, Vol 16, Issue 5, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14693062.2016.1179616, BJM~~]
	50	+The EU’s adoption of its 2020 Strategy reflects a growing awareness among policy elites that
	51	+AND
	52	+, the greater the apparent overall suppressive effect on emissions mitigation and renewable uptake
	53	+
	54	+
	55	+====The plan text is: The EU should phase out production of nuclear power by 2030 and prohibit further financing, construction, and lifetime extensions. To clarify, Aune 15====
	56	+Finn Roar Aune, Rolf Golombek and Hilde Hallre Le Tissier 2015 ~~[Energy Economics, Environmental Economics, Resource Economics~~] "Phasing out nuclear power in Europe" CREE Working Paper 05 pg 39
	57	+This paper has examined the impact of an EU-wide nuclear phase-out
	58	+AND
	59	+impact on both production of electricity and consumption of energy to be minor.
	60	+
	61	+
	62	+==Part Three: Impacts==
	63	+
	64	+
	65	+===Adv. 1 – Ukraine===
	66	+
	67	+
	68	+====Ukraine set to massively increase nuclear power production. Wesolowsky 16====
	69	+Wesolowsky, 9/9/16 ~~[Tom, Radio Free Europe, "Thirty Years After Chernobyl, Ukraine Doubles Down On Nuclear Power", http://www.rferl.org/content/thirty-years-after-chernobyl-ukraine-doubles-down-nuclear-power/27539152.html, BJM~~]
	70	+Nearly 30 years after Chernobyl spewed nuclear dust across Europe and sparked fears of fallout
	71	+AND
	72	+billion euros ($89 billion) to upgrade its 58 nuclear power reactors.
	73	+
	74	+
	75	+====Ukrainian reactors are uniquely susceptible to safety issues arising from their deteriorated capacity – also not conflict proof.====
	76	+**Holovko, 5/18**/16 ~~[Iryna, Energy Post, "Time for Europe to stop supporting Ukraine’s risky nuclear power sector", http://www.energypost.eu/time-europe-stop-supporting-ukraines-risky-nuclear-power-sector/, BJM~~]
	77	+Three decades after the Chernobyl catastrophe and five years after the Fukushima disaster, Europe
	78	+AND
	79	+distribution grids, could effectively make Ukraine’s outdated nuclear energy array completely redundant.
	80	+
	81	+
	82	+====Ukraine meltdown larger than Chernobyl and Fukushima – crews can’t resolve the meltdown====
	83	+**Energy News**, 4/15/**14** ~~["Former US Official: War in Ukraine could cause disaster worse than Chernobyl and Fukushima — Situation "calls for far greater global concern" — Multiple scenarios result in meltdown — Foreign Minister: "Potential threat to many nuclear facilities", http://enenews.com/former-us-official-war-in-ukraine-could-cause-disaster-worse-than-chernobyl-and-fukushima-situation-calls-for-far-greater-global-concern-multiple-scenarios-result-in-meltdown-foreign-mini, BJM~~]
	84	+Ukraine confronts a nuclear specter of a different kind ~~[than Chernobyl,~~] the possibility
	85	+AND
	86	+-fire ~~[...~~] failure to prepare for the worst is not an option.
	87	+
	88	+
	89	+====Meltdowns risk the globe ====
	90	+**Sief**, 10/10/**2014** ~~[Baltimore Post Examiner, "Nuclear War threat from Ukraine crisis threatens world, Nobel Peace Laureate warns", http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/nuclear-war-threat-ukraine-crisis-threatens-world-nobel-peace-laureate-warns/2014/10/10, BJM~~]
	91	+Caldicott also warned that another flare up of the civil war in Ukraine could threaten
	92	+AND
	93	+) It takes only 10 pounds of plutonium to make a nuclear weapon."
	94	+
	95	+
	96	+**====The impact is extinction – one reactor is enough. Lendman 11====**
	97	+Lendman 11 (Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,", The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 8-2-12)
	98	+Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to
	99	+AND
	100	+entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event.
	101	+
	102	+
	103	+===Adv. 2 – Belgium===
	104	+
	105	+
	106	+====Belgium massively boosted nuclear production in 2016 – new reactors online====
	107	+**Independent Chemical Information Service, 8/10**/16 ~~["Improved nuclear availability to keep lid on Belgian electricity prices", http://www.icis.com/resources/news/2016/08/10/10024473/improved-nuclear-availability-to-keep-lid-on-belgian-electricity-prices/, BJM~~]
	108	+Belgium has nuclear capacity of just under 6GW from seven reactors, accounting for just
	109	+AND
	110	+be almost 2.3GW higher in 2016 than it was in 2015.
	111	+
	112	+
	113	+====Countries fear Belgium’s old reactors – lots of faults. Boelpaep 16====
	114	+Bruno Boelpaep 2/2/16 ~~[Current BBC News Previous BBC News, British Broadcasting Corporation, Associated Press Education oxford house college~~] "Belgium’s ageing nuclear plants worry neighbours" BBC
	115	+Just across the border, the German city of Aachen and the Dutch city of
	116	+AND
	117	+nuclear reactors by 2022, Belgium appears to be taking the opposite course.
	118	+
	119	+
	120	+====Belgian reactors prove that aged reactors are targets for terrorists and proliferation. Greco 16====
	121	+Emily Schwartz Greco 2016 ~~[Institute’s op-ed manager and ran OtherWords. OtherWords is a non-profit editorial service that distributes progressive commentary and cartoons to approximately 1,700 editors at newspapers and new media outlets across the nation. She is also an OtherWords weekly columnist. As a writing coach , she had trained a group of New Economy Maryland fellows to write more effectively for the public. Prior to coming to IPS in 2003, Emily covered foreign policy and economics in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, Brazil, as well as Washington and New York, for the Dow Jones and Bloomberg News services. She earned a M.S. in journalism from Columbia University and a B.A. in Latin American studies and history from the University of Texas at Austin.~~] "Reactors Put Us at Risk for Nuclear Terrorism" Institute for Policy Studies
	122	+The ISIS supporters who attacked Brussels killed more than 30 people and injured hundreds more
	123	+AND
	124	+based on reports of leaks and cracks, along with assorted sabotage attempts.
	125	+
	126	+
	127	+====Nuclear terrorism causes extinction. Sid-Ahmed ’4====
	128	+~~[Mohamed, Sid-Ahmed - Al Ahram Weekly, Extinction! - D/L 7,12,09- Weekly Political Analyst - http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm - 8/26/04 -~~]
	129	+What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? Even if it
	130	+AND
	131	+When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.