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-Framework: |
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-First, to evaluate ethical judgments we must interrogate ontologies of exclusion to filter out ethical biases. |
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-Butler 09 |
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-Judith Butler, “Frames of War: When is Life Grievable?” Jan 1st 2009, Pg.138, http://books.google.com/books/about/Frames_of_War.html?id=ga7hAAAAMAAJ |
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+============================= |
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-"We ask..." |
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-"....those who will not." |
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+=Contention 1 is the College Space= |
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-Morality mandates expression of all voices, which necessarily prohibits structural oppression. |
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-Young 74 |
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-Iris Marion Young, Professor in Political Science at the University of Chicago since 2000, masters and doctorate in philosophy in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University. “Justice and the Politics of Difference”. Princeton University Press, 1990, Digital Copy. |
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-"Group representation...." |
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-"...otherwise tends to silence." |
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+====College trends against microaggressions deter meaningful engagement and make violent outburst inevitable. |
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+(Greg Lukainoff is president and CEO of Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, Jonathan Haidt is the Thomas Cooley professor of ethical leadership at NYU Stern. "The Coddling of the American Mind" The Atlantic. 9/15. ==== |
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-Thus the Role of the Ballot is to endorse the debater who best combats structural violence. |
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-Prefer consequence-based frameworks because only naturalism is epistemically accessible |
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-Papinaeu 11 |
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-David Papineau, “Naturalism,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007 |
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+====Lukianoff and Haidt |
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+==== |
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-"Moore took this argument to show..." |
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-"...how we can have any knowledge of them." |
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+Burns defines magnification |
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+AND |
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+of the doubt? |
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-Contention 1 is Oppression |
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-Free speech eliminates structures of oppression – |
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-1. It allows us to identify racists so that we can persuade them otherwise; this solves the root cause of oppression. |
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-ACLU 16. American Civil Liberties Union. For almost 100 years, the ACLU has worked to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of the United States., “Hate Speech on Campus”, ACLU, 2016. https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus//AD |
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-"Many universities, under pressure to respond..." |
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-"...inclusive approaches to all subject matter." |
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+=Sub Point A= |
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-2. Restrictions on hate speech fail – they’ll just repackage the message using a dog-whistle. |
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-Malik 12 (Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, “why hate speech should not be banned”, April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/) |
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-"I am not sure that hate speech..." |
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-"...And that is dangerous." |
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+====Only engaging in the public sphere allows for change- we need to learn the tools needed to engage others so we can manage to persuade them of our issues and opinions. If people don't know why they're problematic, then calling them problematic does nothing but emblazon them to do whatever they need. ==== |
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-3. Spillover effect – challenging oppression in everyday discussions is key to shaping larger cultural landscapes. |
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-Malik 2 (Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, “why hate speech should not be banned”, April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/) |
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-"Much of what we call hate speech consists, however..." |
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-"...on the potential audience for that claim." |
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+====Foucault : : Foucault, Michel ~~French post-structuralist~~. "Polemics, Politics, and Problematizations." In Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984. Ed. Paul Rabinow. 1 Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. The New Press. 1998.==== |
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-This solves – empirics prove you can’t eliminate bigotry by banning it. |
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-Malik 3 (Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, “why hate speech should not be banned”, April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/) |
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+It is a |
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+AND |
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+community of action. |
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-"And in practice, you cannot..." |
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-"...just because hate speech is involved." |
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-4. Perceived assault on free speech drives voters to the right wing – that’s how Trump got elected president. |
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-Soave 16 (Robby Soave, Associate editor at Reason.com, enjoys writing about college news, education policy, criminal justice reform, and television, “Trump Won Because Leftist Political Correctness Inspired a Terrifying Backlash”, Nov. 9, 2016, http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/09/trump-won-because-leftist-political-corr |
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+=Sub Point B= |
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-"Trump won because of a cultural..." |
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-"...he isn't afraid to speak his mind." |
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-Contention 2 is Sexual Assault |
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-Teachers are dissuaded from teaching rape law due to a culture of fear surrounding political correctness |
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-Fisher 16 (Anthony L. Fisher, Dec 13, 2016, “Opposition to “offensive” speech on campuses will ultimately burn dissidents”, http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship) |
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+====Causes spillover to the real world- outside of college is the real world- we need skills to deal with other people- creating an isolated space does nothing. Trump election proves uniqueness for my side- if we don't actually convince people our issues matter nothing will ever change for the better. Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt (Greg Lukainoff is president and CEO of Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, Jonathan Haidt is the Thomas Cooley professor of ethical leadership at NYU Stern. "The Coddling of the American Mind" The Atlantic. 9/15. |
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+Lukianoff and Haidt 2==== |
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-"PEN America, the literary..." |
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-"...of an abundance of caution." |
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+Attempts to shield |
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+AND |
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+serve that goal. |
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-Two impacts: |
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-1. Lack of rape law education hurts survivors of sexual assault – they won’t win court cases |
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-Soave 14 (Robby Soave, Dec. 16, 2014, “Profs Have Stopped Teaching Rape Law Now That Everything 'Triggers' Students”, http://reason.com/blog/2014/12/16/profs-have-stopped-teaching-rape-law-now) |
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+=Contention 2 is Intellectual Gain= |
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-"Students seem more anxious about classroom..." |
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-"...would be a travesty of justice." |
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-2. Stunts sexual assault activism on campus and reduces awareness of the issue |
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-Baker 15 (Katie J.M. Baker, Apr. 3, 2015, “Teaching Rape Law In The Age Of The Trigger Warning”, https://www.buzzfeed.com/katiejmbaker/teaching-rape-law-in-the-age-of-the-trigger-warning?utm_term=.par3Gy4V7#.gcKwr03L4) |
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+====Allowing for mental filtration through restricting constitutionally protected speech decreases intellectual gain from colleges and universities.==== |
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+Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt (Greg Lukianoff is the president and CEO of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education and Jonathan Haidt is the Thomas Cooley professor of ethical leadership at the NYU-Stern School of Business), "The Coddling of the American Mind", The Atlantic, 09/2015, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ |
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+ Lukianoff and Haidt 3 |
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+As Burns defines it, mental filtering is " |
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+AND |
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+not make them change their behavior and only drives them to the polls: |
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-"One criminal law professor at..." |
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-"...intellectual exploration,” she said." |
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-Contention 3 is Education |
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-A Rights Precedent: restrictions on free speech creates a dangerous slippery slope. Universities should not be the arbiters of communication. |
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-Fisher 16 (Anthony L. Fisher, Dec 13, 2016, “Opposition to “offensive” speech on campuses will ultimately burn dissidents”, http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship) |
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+=Contention 3 is Political Growth= |
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-"In perhaps the most cogent line of the..." |
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-"...such "offensive" expressions of free speech." |
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-B Free speech prepares students for the real world by reducing academic insulation. |
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-Vivanco 16 (Leonor Vivanco, August 25th, 2016, “U. of C. tells incoming freshmen it does not support 'trigger warnings' or 'safe spaces'”, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-university-of-chicago-safe-spaces-letter-met-20160825-story.html3 |
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+====Restricting constitutionally protected speech damages students outside the campus and decreases political growth.==== |
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+Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt (Greg Lukianoff is the president and CEO of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education and Jonathan Haidt is the Thomas Cooley professor of ethical leadership at the NYU-Stern School of Business), "The Coddling of the American Mind", The Atlantic, 09/2015, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ |
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+Lukianoff and Haidt 4 |
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+Attempts to shield students from words, ideas, and |
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+AND |
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+, universities would help fortify the faculty against student requests for such warnings. |
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-""It is not the proper role of..." |
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-"...said in a statement at the time." |
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-Three impacts: |
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+====Politics and technology exist together and grow together. ==== |
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+~~"TECHNOLOGY AS POLITICS" Tsekeris, Charalambos 07 graduated from Brunel University (2000) and earned his doctoral degree in Sociology from Athens Panteion University (2006). He is a member of the Greek scientific group Intellectum and a researcher on the complex relationships between technoscience, culture and politics.~~ |
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+Tsekeris 07 |
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+Technology is a highly contentious concept. Of course, theorizing technology |
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+AND |
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+that people will never change we never reach out, then they never change |
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-1. Preparation for the real world gives students the tools necessary to fight oppression for life; that outweighs in the long run. |
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-2. An atmosphere of academic openness is a prerequisite to knowledge. |
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-Jacobson 16 (Daniel Jacobson (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Michigan). “Freedom of Speech under Assault on Campus.” Cato Institute. 30 August 2016. https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/freedom-speech-under-assault- campus#full |
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+=Underview: Fighting Oppression= |
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-"Mill held that an atmosphere..." |
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-"...punishment, not its protection from criticism." |
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-3. Lack of counter-narratives produce echo-chambers that sustains existing power structures whilst deluding liberals otherwise. |
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-Sunstein 12 (Cass R. Sunstein. Sep 17, 2012. “Breaking up the echo”. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/opinion/balanced-news-reports-may-only-inflame.html?_r=0) |
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+====The Affirmative's free speech the most important tool in the fight against oppression, links back to framework and Role of the Ballot. ==== |
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+** (American Civil Liberties Union), "Hate Speech on Campus," 2016. ** |
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+**ACLU 16** |
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+Many universities, under pressure to respond to the concerns of those who are the |
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+AND |
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+to all subject matter. |
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+And the Affirmative will garner significant educational benefits |
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-"It is well known that when..." |
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-"...but who, exactly, is saying it." |
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-Contention 4 is Democracy |
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-Restrictions on free speech threaten democracy and exposure of abuse of power |
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-Maloney 16. Cliff Maloney Jr Executive Director at Young Americans for Liberty, “Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students’ Free Speech”, TIME, 10/13/16, http://time.com/4530197/college-free-speech-zone///AD |
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-"America is a free-speech zone, period ..." |
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-"...campuses, but everywhere in America." |
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-Democracy prevents massive death, terrorism and ecological collapse – we need to protect the constitution at all costs! |
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-Diamond 95 (Larry, Sr fellow at the Hoover instiution) A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives,” pg. Online/ |
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-"This hardly exhausts the lists of threats..." |
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-"...international security and prosperity can be built." |
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-UNDERVIEW: |
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-1. Discourse focus trades off with and actively subverts a politics of substantive material resistance. |
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-Jay 16 (Scott Jay, Legendary analyst, Jan 5 2016, “The postmodern left and the success of neoliberalism”, http://libcom.org/library/postmodern-left-success-neoliberalism) //YS 2.6.16 |
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-"Simulation hits reality SYRIZA played..." |
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-".... And that is exactly the point." |
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+====Empirically, free speech has worked to improve stability of students by fueling graduation and opening discussions on societal issues that spark tangible solutions==== |
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+**SRA 13 Students Rising Above, 1-22-2013, "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty Through Education and Job Training," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/students-rising-above/breaking-the-cycle-of-poverty_b_2521930.html** |
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+Since it was Founded 15 years ago, Students Rising Above has consistently demonstrated that |
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+AND |
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+, but it's critical for low esteemed students on mental health and education. |