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+====The advantage is militarism==== |
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+====Free speech zones are a sham – rather than creating a space for speech, they confine dissent to overlooked corners of university campuses, where it is no longer effective. This regime of restrictions on free speech uses military tactics to suppress open debate and political dissent, an extension of the state’s extralegal violence in the War on Terror==== |
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+**Elmer 8** (Greg Elmer, associate professor of communication and culture at Ryerson University, PhD in communication from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, director of the Infoscape Research Lab at Ryerson University, Andy Opel, associate professor of communication at Florida State University, PhD in mass communication from the University of North Carolina, member of the International Communication Association, November 2008, "Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future," pages 29-41) |
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+SHORTLY AFTER THE LARGE-SCALE PROTESTS against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in |
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+AND |
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+political compliance as it is a technique for reducing actual risks and dangers. |
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+====Public colleges deploy a militarized strategy to prevent dissent – they ensure the continuity of militarism by criminalizing opposition to it==== |
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+Neoliberalism, Militarization, and the Price of Dissent: Policing Protest at the University of California Farah **Godrej**. Edited by Piya Chatterjee and Sunaina Maira. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 20**14**. AS |
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+I have offered here a particular window into the ways in which the interests, |
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+AND |
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+of neoliberal privatization requires that dissent continue, despite its high "price." |
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+====Militarism produces abhorrent violence – the fear of a phantom threat results in a limitless war against limitless enemies – only reconfiguring empire from within is politically effective==== |
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+**McClintock 9**—chaired prof of English and Women’s and Gender Studies at UW–Madison. MPhil from Cambridge; PhD from Columbia (Anne, Paranoid Empire: Specters from Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib, Small Axe Mar2009, Issue 28, p50-74) |
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+By now it is fair to say that the United States has come to be |
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+ |
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+AND |
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+"a catastrophic and catalyzing event—like a new Pearl Harbor." 12 |
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+====Dissent represents a threat to American militarism – the fear of dissent is rooted in a militaristic ideological framework that defines anyone who questions American values as a traitor and a threat. ==== |
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+**Chatterjee and Maira** ~| Introduction of Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent. Minneapolis, US: Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web. Introduction by Piya Chatterjee and Sunaina Maira. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 20**14**. 2 December 2016. AS |
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+Academic Containment: State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism |
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+AND |
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+that "advocacy for social change" was a professional risk for academics. |
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+====The impact is endless warfare—the fear of protest as "domestic insurgency" results in a new politics of military urbanism that extends warfare into the battlespace, with no beginning or end, and where everyone is a target.==== |
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+**Graham 12**, Professor of Cities and Society at Newcastle University, January 2012, "When Life Itself is War: On the Urbanization of Military and Security Doctrine," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 36.1, pgs. 136 - 155 |
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+The first key feature of the new military urbanism is the way it normalizes new |
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+AND |
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+advance of civil or criminal offences being proven (see Amoore, 2009). |
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+====Plan text: Public colleges and universities should extend free speech zones to their entire campus.==== |
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+Rod **Kackley** ~| Arizona Shuts Down College Campus Free Speech Zones in the Name of Free Speech. (20**16**). News and Politics. Retrieved 9 December 2016, from https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/2016/05/30/arizona-shuts-down-college-campus-free-speech-zones-in-the-name-of-free-speech/ Rod Kackley is an award-winning radio and print journalist who covers statehouse news from around the nation for PJ Media. He is also a novelist who has recently launched The St. Isidore Collection, a psychological thriller series, which begins with the novel "A Wicked Plan: Book 1 From the St. Isidore Collection." AS |
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+State Rep. Anthony Kern said he handed out materials as part of a church |
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+AND |
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+court finds that the university or community college has restricted the student’s speech. |
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+====Student Protest in Campuses specifically allows for the instigation of dissent and questioning of the Military Industrial Complex within the departments in the University that fuel the war—Vietnam War proves ==== |
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+**Tilly et. al**. Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, Charles Tilly. (19**99**). How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press. AS |
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+The Anti-Vietnam War Movement and Science Although the United States had been involved |
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+AND |
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+have ignored these protests. Yet that is not how the story unfolded. |
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+====Free Speech zones stifle free speech and make it ineffective, cause more disruption, and allows for schools to selectively choose what speech is acceptable—squo shows no sign of stopping these zones even with court rulings that deem them unconstitutional==== |
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+David **Hacker**, It's Time to End Public University Speech Zones, JURIST-Hotline, May 21, 20**14**, http://jurist.org/hotline/2014/may/david-hacker-speech-zones.php. David J. Hacker serves as senior legal counsel with Alliance Defending Freedom at its Sacramento, California Regional Service Center, where he leads litigation efforts to uphold the constitutionally protected rights of Christian students, faculty and staff at public universities across the nation. He joined Alliance Defending Freedom in 2005 and earned his J.D. from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. AS |
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+Free speech zones on public university campuses sound wonderful in the abstract—a special |
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+AND |
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+—and let students participate freely in the "marketplace of ideas." |
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+====Militarism through war structures all inequalities—not the other way around==== |
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+John **Horgan**, Director of the Center for Science Writings at the Stevens Institute of Technology, 20**12**, The End of War, Chapter 5, Kindle p. 1600-1659 |
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+Throughout this book, I’ve examined attempts by scholars to identify factors especially conducive for |
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+AND |
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+healthcare and education, an improved legal and political system—work for peace |
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+====The AFFs method is workable – we pose problems, study them scientifically, and then propose contingent solutions based on the political atmosphere – this procedure inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making because it inspires multiple questions and mechanisms to measure and test them to arrive at optimal outcomes==== |
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+**Bennet, Poli Sci Prof @ Penn State, 12 **(Sara, "Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes," John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Published. pp. 63-72) |
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+*Scientific Study of International Politics = SSIP |
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+Why is generalization or generalizability important |
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+AND |
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+of evidence, hypothesis, and testing, there should be no difference. |
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+====Debate about arcane legal details are crucial to the short-term survival of oppressed populations ==== |
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+**Arkles et al 10** (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010) |
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+While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism |
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+AND |
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+going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive. |
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+====Debate’s focus shouldn’t solely be the production of ethical subjectivities. Rather, taking stances on global issues is necessary to develop accountability to global violence.==== |
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+David **CHANDLER**, Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, **‘9** ~~"Questioning Global Political Activism," in What is Radical Politics Today? Ed. Jonathan Pugh, 2009, p. 81-84~~ |
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+Today more and more people are ‘doing politics’ in their academic work. This |
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+AND |
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+understand, critique and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time. |