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-The standard is util. Prefer it |
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-You should default to util if I win defense —we naturally want to make the world better. |
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-Walter Sinnott-Armstrong 14 American philosopher. He specializes in ethics, epistemology, and more recently in neuroethics, the philosophy of law, and the philosophy of cognitive science, "Consequentialism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed), BE |
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-Even if consequentialists as consequentialists claim.w |
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-Non-utilitarian ethics fail within the realm of public policy. Deont doesn’t consider trade offs Woller |
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-Woller 1997 (Gary, Economics Professor at BYU, “Policy Currents,” June, http://apsapolicysection.org/vol7_2/72.pdf ) |
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-Moreover, virtually all…in a democracy. |
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-Qualified immunity requires a utilitarian perspective: it’s a balancing test under court jurisdiction |
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-Chen, Alan K. "The Burdens of Qualified Immunity: Summary Judgment and the Role of Facts in Constitutional Tort Law." American University Law Review 47, no.1 (October 1997): 1-104. (CWLC) |
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- In the modem…value is "weightier. 2 7 1 |
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-DA |
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-Indemnification is used constantly Schwartz |
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-Schwartz, Joanna C., Police Indemnification (June 2014). 89 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 885 (2014). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2297534 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2297534 (CWLC) |
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-The assumption that…officers’ liability exposure |
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-Results are key to your solvency: Packman |
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-The Myth of Police Misconduct Lawsuits August 9, 2009 @ 11:52 AM by David Packman |
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-There are a..out about misconduct. |
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-1. Winning is required for all your solvency: there’s no backlash if there was no penalty to the state WIng |
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-Wing, Nick. "We Pay A Shocking Amount For Police Misconduct, And Cops Want Us Just To Accept It. We Shouldn't." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 29 May 2015. Web. 16 Oct. 2016. (CWLC) |
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-The sheer size…for that misconduct. |
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-City budgets are at the brink: Weisser nov 7 |
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-Weisser, Cybele. "State and City Budget Blues: Pressures Keep Piling up." The State. N.p., 7 Nov. 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.thestate.com/news/business/article113009143.html. (CWLC) |
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-It's not just…holding the bag |
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-Indemnification costs millions: tanks budgets: Ferguson proves |
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-Prall, Derek. "Who Pays for Police Misconduct?" Officer Indemnification Is Costing Cities $ Millions. N.p., 10 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://americancityandcounty.com/law-enforcement/who-pays-police-misconduct. (CWLC) |
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-Cases like those…the right direction. |
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-Turns case cities make police more aggressive Vibes |
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-Vibes, John. "Ferguson to Solve Budget Crisis by Ordering Their Police to Be More Aggressive." The Free Thought Project. N.p., 15 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://thefreethoughtproject.com/ferguson-police-ordered-start-writing-tickets-solve-citys-budget-crisis/#D9HXDXvtpXzikWDF.99. (CWLC) |
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-Ferguson, Missouri – While stream,” Zweifel said. |
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-Ticketing exacerbates structural inequalities |
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-Solon, Sarah. "Preying on the Poor: For-Profit Probation Edition." American Civil Liberties Union. N.p., 18 June 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. https://www.aclu.org/blog/preying-poor-profit-probation-edition. (CWLC) |
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-Borrowing from the…for-profit probation industry. |
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-Black people are uniquely targeted exacerbates racism turns case Kopf |
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-Kopf, Dan. "The Fining of Black America." Priceonomics. N.p., 24 June 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. https://priceonomics.com/the-fining-of-black-america/. (CWLC) |
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-In March 2010…those with the |
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-cases clog courts and end reasonable judgement: people go to prison Emshwiller |
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-Emshwiller, John R., and Gary Fields. "Justice Is Swift as Petty Crimes Clog Courts." WSJ. Wsj.com, 30 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-is-swift-as-petty-crimes-clog-courts-1417404782. (CWLC) |
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-For the million.. for bad things.” |