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-CP |
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-CP: Litigants will use nominal damage suits in the case of civil rights litigation |
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-Pfander, James E. "Resolving the Qualified Immunity Dilemma: Constitutional Tort Claims for Nominal Damages." Columbia Law Review (2011): 1601-1639. (CWLC) |
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-The suit for…clearly established norms. |
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-Solves 100 of the aff and mitigates the aff entirely |
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-Pfander, James E. "Resolving the Qualified Immunity Dilemma: Constitutional Tort Claims for Nominal Damages." Columbia Law Review (2011): 1601-1639. (CWLC) |
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-Applying the principles…addresses these concerns. |
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-DA |
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-A. Uniqueness: Overturning a supreme court decision rarely happens and requires a test case to do so: |
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-Ed Grabianowski (Ed Grabianowski is a freelance writer from Buffalo, N.Y. He previously worked as a newspaper reporter and attended school at SUNY Plattsburgh and Kansas State University. ) “10 Overturned Supreme Court Cases” (no date) http://money.howstuffworks.com/10-overturned-supreme-court-cases.htm |
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-The U.S. Supreme… due to stare decisis). |
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-B. Link: Sua Sponte describes the action of the court when it does something without tests cases |
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-Adam A. Milani** and Michael R. Smith 2002 |
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-(Assistant Professor, Mercer University School of Law, Associate Professor, Mercer University School of Law; 69 Tenn. L. Rev. 245, *) |
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-Translated from its…will be adjudicated. 10 |
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-Internal Link: Overturning without a test case requires sua sponte destroys court legitimacy. |
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-Adam A. Milani** and Michael R. Smith 2002 (Assistant Professor, Mercer University School of Law, Associate Professor, Mercer University School of Law; 69 Tenn. L. Rev. 245, *) |
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-Sua sponte decisions…shall not put." 211 |
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-A. Impact: Low court legitimacy kills constitutional authority and protected rights. Yoo 2k1 |
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-(Yoo 2k1, James, Professor, Law at University of California, berkely, and bush’s Lapdog, “In Defense of the Courts’ Legitimacy, 68 U Chi. L. Rev. 775, Proquest, http://www.lexisnexis.com:80/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=trueandrisb=21_T6897594105andformat=GNBFIandsort=nullandstartDocNo=1andresultsUrlKey=29_T6897594116andcisb=22_T6897594115andtreeMax=trueandtreeWidth=0andcsi=7358anddocNo=1) |
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-How does the…follow principled rules. |
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-Alternative Impact: Ruling sua sponte destroys the right of parties to be heard- crushing due process |
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-Adam A. Milani** and Michael R. Smith 2002 |
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-(Assistant Professor, Mercer University School of Law, Associate Professor, Mercer University School of Law; 69 Tenn. L. Rev. 245, *) |
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-The Fifth and…into this question. |
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-DA |
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-Indemnification is used constantly Schwartz |
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-Schwartz, Joanna C., Police Indemnification (June 2014). 89 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 885 (2014). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2297534 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2297534 (CWLC) |
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-The assumption that…officers’ liability exposure |
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-The more solvency they win the larger the DA impact: if you win that cases go through and people are given restitution more indemnification occurs. The relationship is direct and flows in my direction. any no link claims mean terminal defense seeing as cases would never reach court |
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-Results are key to your solvency: Packman |
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-The Myth of Police Misconduct Lawsuits August 9, 2009 @ 11:52 AM by David Packman |
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-There are a…out about misconduct. |
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-1. Winning is required for all your solvency: there’s no backlash if there was no penalty to the state WIng |
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-Wing, Nick. "We Pay A Shocking Amount For Police Misconduct, And Cops Want Us Just To Accept It. We Shouldn't." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 29 May 2015. Web. 16 Oct. 2016. (CWLC) |
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-The sheer size…pay for that misconduct. |
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-City budgets are at the brink: Weisser nov 7 |
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-Weisser, Cybele. "State and City Budget Blues: Pressures Keep Piling up." The State. N.p., 7 Nov. 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.thestate.com/news/business/article113009143.html. (CWLC) |
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-It's not just…holding the bag |
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-Indemnification costs millions: tanks budgets: Ferguson proves |
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-Prall, Derek. "Who Pays for Police Misconduct?" Officer Indemnification Is Costing Cities $ Millions. N.p., 10 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://americancityandcounty.com/law-enforcement/who-pays-police-misconduct. (CWLC) |
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-Cases like those…the right direction. |
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-Two Impacts |
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-1 is police |
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-Turns case cities make police more aggressive Vibes |
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-Vibes, John. "Ferguson to Solve Budget Crisis by Ordering Their Police to Be More Aggressive." The Free Thought Project. N.p., 15 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://thefreethoughtproject.com/ferguson-police-ordered-start-writing-tickets-solve-citys-budget-crisis/#D9HXDXvtpXzikWDF.99. (CWLC) |
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-Ferguson, Missouri While… stream,” Zweifel said. |
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-Ticketing exacerbates structural inequalities |
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-Solon, Sarah. "Preying on the Poor: For-Profit Probation Edition." American Civil Liberties Union. N.p., 18 June 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. https://www.aclu.org/blog/preying-poor-profit-probation-edition. (CWLC) |
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-Borrowing from…for-profit probation industry. |
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-Black people are uniquely targeted exacerbates racism turns case Kopf |
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-Kopf, Dan. "The Fining of Black America." Priceonomics. N.p., 24 June 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. https://priceonomics.com/the-fining-of-black-america/. (CWLC) |
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-In March 2010…those with the |
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-cases clog courts and end reasonable judgement: people go to prison Emshwiller |
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-Emshwiller, John R., and Gary Fields. "Justice Is Swift as Petty Crimes Clog Courts." WSJ. Wsj.com, 30 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-is-swift-as-petty-crimes-clog-courts-1417404782. (CWLC) |
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-For the millions…for bad things.” |
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-2 is city budgets |
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-Lack of budget destroys livelihood of the marginalized Lowrey |
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-Lowrey, Annie. "As Automatic Budget Cuts Go Into Effect, Poor May Be Hit Particularly Hard." The New York Times. The New York Times, 03 Mar. 2013. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/04/us/politics/poor-face-most-pain-as-automatic-budget-cuts-take-effect.html. (CWLC) |
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-WASHINGTON — The $85…annual appropriations process vv |
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-DA |
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-Leads to deterred policing |
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-Rosen, Michael M. "Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, with Some Suggestions for Its Improvement, A." Golden Gate UL Rev. 35 (2005): 139. (CWLC) |
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-It is hard…treating all citizens. |
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-Decline of active and engaged policing is driving a record spike in crime, caused by police fear of backlash |
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-Hofstetter 16 |
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-Hofstetter, George. "Proactive Policing and the Violent Crime Rate." Proactive Policing and the Violent Crime Rate. N.p., 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?m=1119707513166andca=4a80a442-8caf-45c4-97ca-745c0f1b6f88. Premier (RECUT CWLC) |
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-This past week…other cities, where |
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-Crime is bad Jrank |
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- Economic and Social Effects of Crime - Growing Interest In The Costs Of Crime, Determining Costs, The High Cost Of Crime, Community Efforts To Avoid Crime Costs - JRank Articles http://law.jrank.org/pages/12125/Economic-Social-Effects-Crime.html#ixzz4Pw7KLd1h |
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-Crime is a…toward $1.7 trillion. |