Changes for page Cy-Fair Welch Aff
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,119 @@ 1 +I affirm, 2 +"Resolved: The United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers." 3 +Assume all evidence bracketed for grammar and problematic discourse. 4 + 5 + 6 +===Part 1 is the Framework=== 7 +I value morality since ought in the res implies a moral obligation. 8 + 9 +=====Wagner '01 explains structural violence:===== 10 +Christie, D. J., Wagner,(Former professor of social psychology, current Maine House of Representatives.) R. V., and Winter, D.A. (Eds.). (2001).Peace, Conflict,and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century Englewood Cliffs, NewJersey: Prentice-Hal 11 +Structural violence, however, is almost always invisible, embedded in ubiquitous social structures, normalized by stable institutions and regular** **experience. Structural violence occurs when**ever **people are disadvantaged by political, legal, economic, or cultural traditions 12 +Thus my standard is resisting structural violence. 13 + 14 + 15 +====Structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is based on arbitrarily perceived differences.==== 16 + 17 +=====Winter and Leighton 99:===== 18 +** ~|Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter~|~~Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice~~ "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Pg 4-5 KA** 19 +Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about 20 +AND 21 +, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace. 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 +====ROB: Vote for the debater who provides the best post-fiat plan for liberating the oppressed. ==== 26 + 27 +=====Curry '14:===== 28 +**Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, CM** 29 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 30 +AND 31 +remedy our cast-away-ness among our ideological tendencies and politics. 32 + 33 + 34 +===Part 2 is the Plan=== 35 +For clarity: Section 1983 is the "Qualified immunity doctrine" 36 + 37 + 38 +====Thus the plan text "The United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers in instances of when the plaintiff has been discriminated due to their disability."==== 39 + 40 +=====Auner ~~1~~:===== 41 +**Auner, Thomas. "For The Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests." Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10. CH ** 42 +In 1990, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act.39 The ADA's purpose 43 +AND 44 +have been more receptive to applying the ADA to law enforcement activities.49 45 + 46 + 47 +====ADA essential to help people with disabilities. ==== 48 + 49 +=====Auner ~~2~~:===== 50 +**Auner 2, Thomas. "For The Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests." Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10. CH** 51 +Excessive force claims **stemming **from the Fourth Amendment and section 1983 **of the Civil Rights ** 52 +**AND** 53 +to arrest situations faces a greater risk of violent encounters with the police. 54 + 55 + 56 +====ADA is key to limiting qualified immunity.==== 57 + 58 +=====Auner ~~3~~:===== 59 +**Auner, Thomas. "For The Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests." Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10. CH** 60 +Furthermore, when bringing a **section 1983** claim of excessive force, the plaintiff faces 61 +AND 62 +rendering~~s~~ the barriers of qualified and municipal immunity inapplicable.79 63 + 64 + 65 +====The plan specifically targets a structurally embedded form of discrimination.==== 66 + 67 +=====Brodin ~~1~~:===== 68 +**BRODIN, RACHEL. "REMEDYING A PARTICULARIZED FORM OF DISCRIMINATION: WHY DISABLED PLAINTIFFS CAN AND SHOULD BRING CLAI." UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LAW REVIEW. 2005. Web. October 07, 2016. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1296andcontext=penn_law_ review. CH** 69 +Discrimination against ~~individuals with disabilities~~ **disabled individuals** during arrests is a** particularly** structural 70 +AND 71 +the disabled. Actions under the ADA will send **precisely such **a message. 72 + 73 + 74 +===Part 3 is Advantages=== 75 +Sub A- Accountability 76 + 77 + 78 +====Without Accountability, police actively target people with disabilities.==== 79 + 80 +=====Appelbaun '15:===== 81 +**Appelbaum, Paul. "Can The Americans With Disabilities Act Reduce The Death Toll From Police Encounters With Persons Wi." Psychiatric Services. October 01, 2015. Web. October 07, 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26423161. CH ** 82 +Roughly every 36 hours, somewhere in the United States, a person with mental 83 +AND 84 +mental impairments of citizens into account as they interact with them (4). 85 + 86 + 87 +====ADA claims hold police departments accountable for training.==== 88 + 89 +=====Brodin ~~2~~:===== 90 +**BRODIN, RACHEL. "REMEDYING A PARTICULARIZED FORM OF DISCRIMINATION: WHY DISABLED PLAINTIFFS CAN AND SHOULD BRING CLAI." UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LAW REVIEW. 2005. Web. October 07, 2016. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1296andcontext=penn_law_ review. CH** 91 +In addition to the benefits that a claim under the ADA or the Rehabilitation Act 92 +AND 93 +so as to prevent situations from escalating and resulting in injury or death. 94 + 95 + 96 +====Sub B – Legal action causes policy change==== 97 + 98 +=====Auner ~~4~~:===== 99 +**Auner, Thomas. "For The Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests." Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10.CH** 100 +When courts deem the ADA applicable to specific situations, public and private entities typically 101 +AND 102 +improve the safety of ~~people with mental illnesses~~ the mentally ill. 103 + 104 + 105 +====Sub C – ADA is always net beneficial==== 106 + 107 +=====Brodin ~~3~~:===== 108 +**BRODIN, RACHEL. "REMEDYING A PARTICULARIZED FORM OF DISCRIMINATION: WHY DISABLED PLAINTIFFS CAN AND SHOULD BRING CLAI." UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LAW REVIEW. 2005. Web. October 07, 2016. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1296andcontext=penn_law_ review. CH** 109 +Even if courts are willing to apply Title II to police actions, questions arise 110 +AND 111 +substance,140 but allows for greater flexibility in overcoming potential defenses.141 112 + 113 + 114 +====Subpoint D - Being able to sue officers has led to changes within the system – empirics prove==== 115 +**Hing '16:** 116 +Hing, Bill Ong. "From Ferguson to Palestine: Disrupting Race-Based Policing" Spring, 2016, Howard Law Journal, 59 How. L.J. 559 117 +One measure for deterrence of police misconduct is the implementation of overall changes in departmental 118 +AND 119 +officers should make a commitment to change, otherwise their inaction is imprudent. - EntryDate
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