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+The standard is minimizing oppression. |
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+ |
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+Ideal theory fails to recognize that agency is political – focusing on a pre-given subject ignores our constitutive social relations. An ontology that recognizes differentiation in subjectivity is key. |
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+BUTLER: |
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+(Judith Butler. 1992. “Continent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of “Postmodernism” Feminists Theorize the Political) |
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+ |
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+“In a sense, the |
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+AND |
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+claimed to be prior to politics itself.” |
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+ |
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+Universal ethics are useless as guides to action because they generate perspectives of the privileged as universal. Only an inclusion of the oppressed in a conception of justice affirms difference. |
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+Young |
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+Young, Iris Marion. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990. Print. 19 July 2016. |
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+ |
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+Some feminist and postmodern |
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+AND |
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+affirms group differences. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+The role of the ballot is to decide on the best post-fiat policy that best includes oppressed groups; to clarify, you must evaluate the desirability of a concrete topical action. |
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+We must speak the language of power—this creates political activism. |
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+Coverstone 5 |
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+Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 |
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+ |
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+It is very important |
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+AND |
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+participatory abstention in America today. |
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+ |
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+**Advantage 1 is Centralization** |
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+ |
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+Nuclear power is “hard” energy—it is always necessarily centralized and bureaucratic. |
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+Lovins |
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+Lovins, Amory B. Parisi, Anthony J (intro author). "‘Soft’ Energy, Hard Choices." Friends of the Earth’s Not Man Apart 6.20 (1977): n. pag. 2013. Web. 15 Sept. 2016. |
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+ |
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+To Mr. Lovins any |
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+AND |
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+with a technocratic ideology." |
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+ |
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+Nuclear power makes state centralization inevitable. 3 warrants- |
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+ |
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+1. Nuclear power’s fallibility makes social exclusion and rigidity inevitable—only elitists get access to industry decisions. |
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+Lovins 2 |
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+Lovins, Amory B. Parisi, Anthony J (intro author). "‘Soft’ Energy, Hard Choices." Friends of the Earth’s Not Man Apart 6.20 (1977): n. pag. 2013. Web. 15 Sept. 2016. |
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+ |
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+For all these |
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+AND |
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+is in favor of them. |
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+ |
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+2. Centralized energy is categorically inaccessible for the poor – nuclear power is pitted against local autonomy- this propagates militarization. |
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+Lovins 3 |
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+Lovins, Amory B. Parisi, Anthony J (intro author). "‘Soft’ Energy, Hard Choices." Friends of the Earth’s Not Man Apart 6.20 (1977): n. pag. 2013. Web. 15 Sept. 2016. |
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+ |
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+Perhaps the most profound |
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+AND |
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+akin to a garrison state. |
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+ |
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+3. Even if plants are durable, they are always targets—this makes militarized state control inevitable and suppresses activism. |
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+Lovins 4 |
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+Lovins, Amory B. Parisi, Anthony J (intro author). "‘Soft’ Energy, Hard Choices." Friends of the Earth’s Not Man Apart 6.20 (1977): n. pag. 2013. Web. 15 Sept. 2016. |
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+ |
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+In times of social |
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+AND |
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+resists political remedy. |
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+ |
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+4. The State prioritizes economic and security interests in the nuclear power debate —this makes us oblivious to long term militarization. |
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+Stoett 03 |
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+Stoett, Peter, Global Environmental Politics “Toward Renewed Legitimacy? Nuclear Power, Global Warming, and Security”, , Volume 3, Number 1, February 2003, pp. 99-116), MIT Press, MG |
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+ |
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+This contradiction in |
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+AND |
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+and highly subsidised, nuclear industry. |
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+ |
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+The military industrial complex leads to mass atrocity—this is try or die. |
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+Giroux 12 |
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+Giroux 12 - Henry A. | Violence, USA: The Warfare State and the Brutalizing of Everyday Life. www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/8859-violence-usa-the-warfare-state-and-the-brutalizing-of-everyday-life May 2, 2012. (Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University.) |
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+ |
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+The history of atrocities committed |
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+AND |
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+sense of ethical accountability. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+AND, The development of Nuclear Power for electricity is used a smoke screen for our arms race—this masks violence. |
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+ICC 11 |
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+"Nuclear Energy, Capitalism and Communism." ICC. International Communist Current, 16 Aug. 2011. Web. 10 Sept. 2016. |
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+ |
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+¶ The potential to use |
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+AND |
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+cover for weapons programmes. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**Advantage 2 is Nuclear Secrecy** |
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+ |
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+A lack of transparency is the corner stone of nuclear power. The government hides whatever they please for their convenience. |
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+Cousins et al |
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+Cousins, Elicia. Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta. “Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice.” Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project, Northfield, MN, USA |
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+ |
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+Those who experience |
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+AND |
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+also within families. |
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+ |
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+Nuclear Energy is given biased, government support to conceal its dangers and risks. Be skeptical of praises of nuclear power. |
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+Shrader- Frechette 13 |
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+Shrader-Frechette,Kristin, Spring 2013, “Answering Scientific Attacks on Ethical Imperatives”, Ethics and the Environment, Volume 18, Number 1, Spring 2013, pg 1-17, Published by Indiana University Press, MG |
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+ |
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+Why have so |
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+AND |
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+subsidize nuclear power more than renewables? |
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+ |
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+And- |
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+ |
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+1. Accidents are coming- the best statistical data shows 70 probability globally and 50 domestically. The IAEA lacks transparency and underestimates the reality of accidents. |
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+Rose and Sweeting 16 |
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+Rose, Thomas, and Trevor Sweeting. "How Safe Is Nuclear Power? A Statistical Study Suggests Less than Expected." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. N.p., 2016. Web. 8 Sept. 2016. 10.1080/00963402.2016.1145910 |
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+ |
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+The 2011 Fukushima disaster |
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+AND |
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+years with a probability of 50.4. |
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+ |
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+And, Higher minority and poverty-level populations are situated near reactors. They will inevitably be hit first and hardest. |
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+Alldred and Shrader 09 |
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+Alldred, Mary, and Kristin Shrader-Frechette. "Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants." Environmental Justice 2.2 (2009): n. pag. 2009. Web. 9 Sept. 2016. |
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+ |
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+The preceding discussion |
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+AND |
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+revealed in year-1960, |
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+ |
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+2. Workers are exploited because of a lack of transparency. Accidents hit them first and hardest, but they are exploited with or without them. |
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+Alldred and Shrader 09 |
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+Alldred, Mary, and Kristin Shrader-Frechette. "Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants." Environmental Justice 2.2 (2009): n. pag. 2009. Web. 9 Sept. 2016. |
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+ |
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+Nuclear generation of electricity |
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+AND |
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+to underestimate risks. |