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... ... @@ -1,111 +1,0 @@ 1 -====First, our body is a condensed history of millions of years of mutations, and we continue to be vulnerable to the random laws of genetics. Random mutations create the inevitable conditions for evolution and explain the diversity of life. ==== 2 - 3 -=====Haviland ~~1~~:===== 4 -Haviland, William A. Anthropology: The Human Challenge, 15th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2017. ~~Yuzu~~. UH-DD 5 -"At the level of an 6 -AND 7 -for some new adaptation." (Pg. 41) 8 - 9 -Implications: 10 -A) Analytic 11 -B) Analytic 12 -C) Analytic 13 -D) Analytic 14 -E) Analytic 15 -F) Analytic 16 - 17 -====The evolution of our brains created the conditions for cultural adaptation. No longer did we have to wait generations to prevail environmental pressures. Through culture, we could overcome challenges that were not possible from a purely biology standpoint. ==== 18 - 19 -=====Haviland ~~2~~: ===== 20 -Haviland, William A. Anthropology: The Human Challenge, 15th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2017. ~~Yuzu~~. UH-DD 21 -"In the quest for 22 -AND 23 -and cultural change." (Pg. 167-168) 24 - 25 -Implications: 26 -A. Analytic 27 -B. Analytic 28 -C. Analytic 29 -D. Analytic 30 - 31 -====And, if cultural conflict is inevitable, the goal of intercultural politics is not to eradicate conflict, but to channel conflict in ways productive to intercultural coexistence. This requires an agonistic commitment, which reframes the other as an advisory instead of an enemy. ==== 32 - 33 -=====Mouffe ~~1~~:===== 34 -"On the Political" by Chantal Mouffe 2000 UH-DD 35 -"Once the theoretical terrain 36 -AND 37 -in an ongoing confrontation." (Pg. 101-102) 38 - 39 -====Thus, the standard is promoting agonistic democracy. To clarify, the standard is concerned with following the constitutive procedures of agonistic democracy, not ends. ==== 40 - 41 -=====Mouffe ~~2~~:===== 42 -On the Political" by Chantal Mouffe 2000 UH-DD 43 -"To avoid any confusion, 44 -AND 45 -for conflicting interpretations." (Pg. 120-121) 46 - 47 -===Contention One – === 48 - 49 -====A – Analytic.==== 50 - 51 -====B – Injurious speech subjugates agents but paradoxically marks them as socially recognizable within language. This presents a site of linguistic reversibility. Since language is temporal, we can reverse the norms that make injurious speech possible. ==== 52 - 53 -=====BUTLER ~~1~~:===== 54 -"Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity" by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 55 -"One is not simply fixed by the name that one is called. In being called an injurious name, one is derogated and demeaned. But the name holds out another possibility as well: by being called a name~~d~~, one is also, paradoxically, given a certain possibility for social existence, initiated into a temporal life of language that exceeds the prior purposes that animate that call. Thus the injurious address may appear to fix or paralyze the one it hails, but it may also produce an unexpected and enabling response. If to be addressed is to be interpellated, then the offensive call runs the risk of inaugurating a subject in speech who comes to use language to counter the offensive call. When the address is injurious, it works its force upon the one it injures. What is this force, and how might we come to understand its faultlines?" (Pg. 2) 56 - 57 -Analytic 58 - 59 -===Contention Two – === 60 - 61 -====A - Hate speech is different from hate crimes ==== 62 - 63 -=====Kamier:===== 64 -Kaminer Wendy (author, lawyer, journalist at the Atlantic and civil libertarian) "Why We Need to Tolerate Hate" Nov. 28 2012, The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/11/why-we-need-to-tolerate-hate/265654/ KA 65 -Decorate your house 66 -AND 67 -business of the state. 68 - 69 -====B - Agonism requires the diversity of beliefs to allow engagement.==== 70 - 71 -=====Mouffe ~~3~~:===== 72 -(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox")\ 73 -I submit that this 74 -AND 75 -thinking is invaluable. 76 - 77 -===Contention Three – === 78 - 79 -====Censorship allows our own logic to get co-opted crushing social movements.==== 80 - 81 -=====Adler '96:===== 82 -(Adler, Amy. "Whats Left?: Hate Speech, Pornography, And The Problem For Artistic Expression." California Law Review, Vol. 84, No. 6. December 1996. Web. December 07, 2016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3481093.) 83 -The failure of leftist 84 -AND 85 -left's very eyes. 86 - 87 -====Censorship is an issue of interpretation. This ensures cooption. ==== 88 - 89 -=====BUTLER ~~2~~:===== 90 -"Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity" by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 91 -"Indeed, recent efforts 92 -AND 93 -the moment of utterance." (Pg. 13) 94 - 95 -====Censorship only reifies the reigning hegemonic ideology. ==== 96 - 97 -=====Ward '90:===== 98 -Ward '90 (Dr. David V, ~~Phil Prof at Widener University,~~ "Library Trends," Philosophical Issues in Censorship and Intellectual Freedom, Vol 39, No 1 and 2, 1990, pg 86-87) 99 - 100 -Second, even if the opinion 101 -AND 102 -the expressions of others. 103 - 104 -===Underview=== 105 - 106 -====Arguments about construction of certain identities can never turn the framework- that misses the goal of agonism. Identity politics homogenizes and turns their identity.==== 107 -Mouffe 4 ~~Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox"~~ 108 - 109 -A well-functioning democracy 110 -AND 111 -basis of civility. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,7 +1,0 @@ 1 -Anti-blackness is not an ontological antagonism~-~~-~-conflict is inevitable in politics, but does not have to be demarcated around whiteness and blackness. 2 - 3 -Peter Hudson 13, Political Studies Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa, has been on the editorial board of the Africa Perspective: The South African Journal of Sociology and Theoria: A Journal of Political and Social Theory and Transformation, and is a member of the Johannesburg Workshop in Theory and Criticism, The state and the colonial unconscious, Social Dynamics: A journal of African studies, 2013 4 - 5 -Thus the self-same/other 6 -AND 7 -based on a determinate identity. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,108 +1,0 @@ 1 -First, our body is a condensed history of millions of years of mutations, and we continue to be vulnerable to the random laws of genetics. Random mutations create the inevitable conditions for evolution and explain the diversity of life. 2 -Haviland ~1~: 3 - 4 -Haviland, William A. Anthropology: The Human Challenge, 15th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2017. ~Yuzu~. UH-DD 5 -"At the level of an 6 -AND 7 -for some new adaptation." (Pg. 41) 8 - 9 -Implications: 10 -A) Analytic 11 -B) Analytic 12 -C) Analytic 13 -D) Analytic 14 -E) Analytic 15 -F) Analytic 16 - 17 -The evolution of our brains created the conditions for cultural adaptation. No longer did we have to wait generations to prevail environmental pressures. Through culture, we could overcome challenges that were not possible from a purely biology standpoint. 18 -Haviland ~2~: 19 - 20 -Haviland, William A. Anthropology: The Human Challenge, 15th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2017. ~Yuzu~. UH-DD 21 -"In the quest for 22 -AND 23 -and cultural change." (Pg. 167-168) 24 - 25 -Implications: 26 -A. Analytic 27 -B. Analytic 28 -C. Analytic 29 -D. Analytic 30 - 31 -And, if cultural conflict is inevitable, the goal of intercultural politics is not to eradicate conflict, but to channel conflict in ways productive to intercultural coexistence. This requires an agonistic commitment, which reframes the other as an advisory instead of an enemy. 32 -Mouffe ~1~: 33 - 34 -"On the Political" by Chantal Mouffe 2000 UH-DD 35 -"Once the theoretical terrain 36 -AND 37 -in an ongoing confrontation." (Pg. 101-102) 38 - 39 -Thus, the standard is promoting agonistic democracy. To clarify, the standard is concerned with following the constitutive procedures of agonistic democracy, not ends. 40 -Mouffe ~2~: 41 - 42 -On the Political" by Chantal Mouffe 2000 UH-DD 43 -"To avoid any confusion, 44 -AND 45 -for conflicting interpretations." (Pg. 120-121) 46 - 47 -Contention One – 48 - 49 -A – Analytic. 50 -B – Injurious speech subjugates agents but paradoxically marks them as socially recognizable within language. This presents a site of linguistic reversibility. Since language is temporal, we can reverse the norms that make injurious speech possible. 51 -BUTLER ~1~: 52 - 53 -"Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity" by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 54 -"One is not simply = 55 -AND 56 -understand its faultlines?" (Pg. 2) 57 - 58 -Analytic 59 - 60 -Contention Two – 61 - 62 -Agonism requires the diversity of beliefs to allow engagement. 63 -Mouffe ~3~: 64 - 65 -(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox")\ 66 -I submit that this 67 -AND 68 -thinking is invaluable. 69 - 70 -Contention Three – 71 - 72 -Censorship only reifies the reigning hegemonic ideology. 73 -Ward '90: 74 - 75 -Ward '90 (Dr. David V, ~Phil Prof at Widener University,~ "Library Trends," Philosophical Issues in Censorship and Intellectual Freedom, Vol 39, No 1 and 2, 1990, pg 86-87) 76 - 77 -Second, even if the opinion 78 -AND 79 -the expressions of others. 80 - 81 -Censorship is an issue of interpretation. This ensures cooption. 82 -BUTLER ~2~: 83 - 84 -"Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity" by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 85 -"Indeed, recent efforts 86 -AND 87 -the moment of utterance." (Pg. 13) 88 - 89 - 90 -Underview 91 - 92 -The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best meets their burden under a truth testing paradigm. Analytic 93 -Prefer: 94 - 95 -Standards of goodness for any activity, like debate, inevitably collapse to the intrinsic form. The ends of debate are inseparable from the rules that govern it. This alone explains the possibility of binding standards. 96 -BOYLE and LAVIN: 97 -Boyle, Matthew and Douglas Lavin. 2010. Goodness and desire. In Desire, Practical Reason, and the Good, ed. Sergio Tenenbaum. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 32-33. DD 98 -"A certain standard of goodness for a thing follows inevitably from its belonging to 99 -AND 100 -an arbitrary claim, but a premise up for debate under truth testing. 101 - 102 -Outweighs: 103 -A. Analytic 104 -B. Analytic 105 -C. Analytic 106 -D. Analytic 107 - 108 -Analytic - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,25 +1,0 @@ 1 -A) Interp - All debaters with awareness and access to the NDCA 16-17 LD Wiki, located at “hsld.debatecoaches.org”, must disclose all broken positions on said wiki at least 30 minutes before the round or provide their own accessible contact information. All disclosure must occur on one’s own wiki page including the tags citation, and first and last three words of each card. 2 - 3 -B) Violation - 4 - 5 -C) Reasons to Prefer - 6 - 7 -1. small school inclusivity 8 - 9 -Bietz ’10: 10 -Bietz, Mike. “The Case for Public Case Disclosure.” NFL Rostrum, Vol. 84, Issue 9. May 2010. https://nationalforensicleague.org/DownloadHandler.ashx?File=/userdocs/publications/05-201020Complete20Rostrum.pdf 11 -Big teams already get 12 -AND 13 -have the resources to travel as much. 14 - 15 -2. Educational benefits 16 - 17 - a) 18 - 19 - b) 20 - 21 -3. Engagability 22 - 23 -D) Implication 24 - 25 - (changes) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,101 +1,0 @@ 1 -"If freedom of speech is taken away, then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter" 2 - 3 -It is because I agree with one of our founding fathers, George Washington, I affirm, 4 - 5 -“Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.” 6 - 7 -For further clarification of the round, I’ll define the following terms through Oxford dictionary. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/restrict https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/any https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought 8 - 9 -First, any is defined as “Used to refer to one or some of a thing or number of things, no matter how much or how many:” 10 - 11 -Second, restrict is defined as “Put a limit on; keep under control:” 12 - 13 -And Lastly, ought is defined as “Used to indicate duty or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions:” 14 - 15 - 16 -I value morality due to the evaluative term ought since morality is the best way to judge an action’s innate goodness or correctness. 17 -Analytic 18 - 19 -Public colleges and universities are regulated by the government – which has to make tradeoffs in order to act since every action will always benefit some and harm others. 20 -Gary Woller elaborates: 21 -Gary Woller (Professor at Brigham Young University). “Policy Currents.” A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics. “An Overview by Gary Woller.” 1997. CM 22 -Moreover, virtually all 23 -AND 24 -policy in a democracy. 25 - 26 -The only way policies can pass is through an adoption of rule utilitarianism. This means that my framework sets up that we should evaluate actions based on whether or not they are a good rule on balance. 27 -Analytic 28 - 29 -Contention One – Unabridged freedom of speech on college campuses is essential 30 - 31 -Subpoint A) The right to free speech forms the basis for other rights which are key to fight oppression. There’s no guarantee that the legal precedent of letting colleges cherry-pick when rights are and aren’t protected will not be applied in other cases leading to a slippery slope of rights violations. 32 -The American Civil Liberties Union explains: 33 -ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), “Freedom of Expression,” ACLU Position Paper, 2016. 34 - 35 -The ACLU has often 36 -AND 37 -example, are not constitutionally protected. 38 - 39 -Subpoint B) Ethics arise through shared discourse – this means free speech is key to having morals and moral obligations. The dialogue from unrestricted speech allows for everyone to develop a comprehensive understanding of morality. 40 -Dr. Haste illustrates in 1998: 41 -Helen Haste, Ph.D., 1998 Communitarianism and the Social Construction of Morality, http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/articles/haste.html 42 - 43 -Communitarian thinkers start from a 44 -AND 45 -object rather than a person. 46 - 47 -Analytic 48 - 49 -Subpoint C) Bans presume objective knowledge- unpopular opinions might be true so suppression only causes knowledge deficits. 50 -Professor Dry argues: 51 -Dry ’94 (Murray, Professor of Political Science at Middlebury College, “FREE SPEECH IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND ITS RELATION TO AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: A CONSIDERATION OF MILL, MEIKLEJOHN, AND PLATO,” Constitutional Commentary, Vol 11:18, 1994, pg 81-100, https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/167054/11_01_Dry.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y, TW) 52 - 53 -In the second case, the received 54 -AND 55 -proposal "is practically impossible. "23 56 - 57 -Discourse is key to challenging eco-chambers that knowledge deficits create, as well as stopping regimes of truth from controlling society. 58 -Dungey clarifies: 59 -Dungey ’01 (Nicholas, PhD graduate from the University of California and a current lecturer in Political Science there, “(Re)Turning Derrida to Heidegger: Being-with-Others as Primordial Politics,” Polity, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Spring, 2001), pp. 455-477, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3235444, TW) 60 - 61 -The desire for communal 62 -AND 63 -to separate and isolate. 64 - 65 -Analytic 66 - 67 - 68 -Contention Two – Restrictions of constitutionally protected speech fail. 69 - 70 -Subpoint A) Restrictions of free speech on college campuses have empirically failed and were counter-productive. 71 -Friedersdork writes in 2015: 72 -Friedersdorf, 2015 (Conor Staff Writer at The Atlantic “The Lessons of Bygone Free-Speech Fights.” The Atlantic. 10 December 2015. Online. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/what-student-activists-can-learn-from-bygone-free-speech-fights/419178/) 73 - 74 -More than 20 years ago, 75 -AND 76 -and civil-liberties community.” 77 - 78 -The impact of Friedersdork is twofold: 79 -1 - Analytic 80 -2 - Analytic 81 - 82 - 83 -Subpoint B) Arbitrary determinations of what speech is good versus what’s bad locks trauma of the oppression in the words themselves not to the bad people. 84 -Judith Butler concludes: 85 -Butler, Judith (Professor of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature, University of California-Berkeley), Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative, Routledge, 1997. 86 - 87 -Keeping such terms unsaid 88 -AND 89 -future is partially open. 90 - 91 -Subpoint C) In order to pass a norm of censorship, one has to circulate what they’re censoring – this creates a perpetual and inevitable cycle of recirculation with the only way to break it is through free speech. 92 -Judith Butler emphasizes: 93 -“Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD' 94 - 95 -“Neither view can account 96 -AND 97 -not yet precisely a context.” (Pg. 13-14) 98 - 99 -Analytic 100 - 101 -For all of the above reasons and more, I urge an affirmative ballot and am now open for cross-examination. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,7 +1,0 @@ 1 -If the structure of recognition is anti-black, then the aff’s radical form of resistance has no solvency. People become passive because nothing they do can change the structure of recognition and radical resistance seems impractical. 2 -Wilderson '10: 3 -“We’re trying to destroy the world” Anti-Blackness and Police Violence After Ferguson An Interview with Frank B. Wilderson, III This is a transciption of an radio interview with Frank B. Wilderson, III taped in October of 2014, in the midst of the ongoing anti-police struggles taking place in Ferguson, MO. Wilderson is in conversation with IMIXWHATILIKE hosts Jared Ball, Todd Steven Burroughs and Dr. Hate. An audio recording of the interview can be found under the title “Irreconcilable Anti-Blackness and Police Violence” on the show’s website: http://imixwhatilike.org/2014/10/01/frankwildersonandantiblackness-2/ 4 - 5 -“Normally people are not 6 -AND 7 -on with us.’” (9) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,99 +1,0 @@ 1 -For further clarification of the round, I’ll define the following terms through Oxford dictionary. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/restrict https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/any https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought 2 - 3 -First, any is defined as “Used to refer to one or some of a thing or number of things, no matter how much or how many:” 4 - 5 -Second, restrict is defined as “Put a limit on; keep under control:” 6 - 7 -And Lastly, ought is defined as “Used to indicate duty or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions:” 8 - 9 -I value morality due to the evaluative term ought since morality is the best way to judge an action’s innate goodness or correctness. 10 -Analytic 11 - 12 -Public colleges and universities are regulated by the government – which has to make tradeoffs in order to act since every action will always benefit some and harm others. 13 -Gary Woller elaborates: 14 -Gary Woller (Professor at Brigham Young University). “Policy Currents.” A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics. “An Overview by Gary Woller.” 1997. CM 15 -Moreover, virtually all 16 -AND 17 -policy in a democracy. 18 - 19 -The only way policies can pass is through an adoption of rule utilitarianism. This means that my framework sets up that we should evaluate actions based on whether or not they are a good rule on balance. 20 -Analytic 21 - 22 -Contention One – Unabridged freedom of speech on college campuses is essential 23 - 24 -Subpoint A) The right to free speech forms the basis for other rights which are key to fight oppression. There’s no guarantee that the legal precedent of letting colleges cherry-pick when rights are and aren’t protected will not be applied in other cases leading to a slippery slope of rights violations. 25 -The American Civil Liberties Union explains: 26 -ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), “Freedom of Expression,” ACLU Position Paper, 2016. 27 - 28 -The ACLU has often 29 -AND 30 -example, are not constitutionally protected. 31 - 32 -Subpoint B) Ethics arise through shared discourse – this means free speech is key to having morals and moral obligations. The dialogue from unrestricted speech allows for everyone to develop a comprehensive understanding of morality. 33 -Dr. Haste illustrates in 1998: 34 -Helen Haste, Ph.D., 1998 Communitarianism and the Social Construction of Morality, http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/articles/haste.html 35 - 36 -Communitarian thinkers start from a 37 -AND 38 -object rather than a person. 39 - 40 -Analytic 41 - 42 -Subpoint C) Bans presume objective knowledge- unpopular opinions might be true so suppression only causes knowledge deficits. 43 -Professor Dry argues: 44 -Dry ’94 (Murray, Professor of Political Science at Middlebury College, “FREE SPEECH IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND ITS RELATION TO AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: A CONSIDERATION OF MILL, MEIKLEJOHN, AND PLATO,” Constitutional Commentary, Vol 11:18, 1994, pg 81-100, https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/167054/11_01_Dry.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y, TW) 45 - 46 -In the second case, the received 47 -AND 48 -proposal "is practically impossible. "23 49 - 50 -Discourse is key to challenging eco-chambers that knowledge deficits create, as well as stopping regimes of truth from controlling society. 51 -Dungey clarifies: 52 -Dungey ’01 (Nicholas, PhD graduate from the University of California and a current lecturer in Political Science there, “(Re)Turning Derrida to Heidegger: Being-with-Others as Primordial Politics,” Polity, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Spring, 2001), pp. 455-477, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3235444, TW) 53 - 54 -The desire for communal 55 -AND 56 -to separate and isolate. 57 - 58 -Analytic 59 - 60 -Contention Two – Restrictions of constitutionally protected speech fail. 61 - 62 -Subpoint A) Restrictions of free speech on college campuses have empirically failed and were counter-productive. 63 -Friedersdork writes in 2015: 64 -Friedersdorf, 2015 (Conor Staff Writer at The Atlantic “The Lessons of Bygone Free-Speech Fights.” The Atlantic. 10 December 2015. Online. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/what-student-activists-can-learn-from-bygone-free-speech-fights/419178/) 65 - 66 -More than 20 years ago, 67 -AND 68 -and civil-liberties community.” 69 - 70 -The impact of Friedersdork is twofold: 71 -1 - Analytic 72 -2 - Analytic 73 - 74 -Subpoint B) Arbitrary determinations of what speech is good versus what’s bad locks trauma of the oppression in the words themselves not to the bad people. 75 -Judith Butler concludes: 76 -Butler, Judith (Professor of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature, University of California-Berkeley), Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative, Routledge, 1997. 77 - 78 -Keeping such terms unsaid 79 -AND 80 -future is partially open. 81 - 82 -Subpoint C) In order to pass a norm of censorship, one has to circulate what they’re censoring – this creates a perpetual and inevitable cycle of recirculation with the only way to break it is through free speech. 83 -Judith Butler emphasizes: 84 -“Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD' 85 - 86 -“Neither view can account 87 -AND 88 -not yet precisely a context.” (Pg. 13-14) 89 - 90 -Analytic 91 - 92 - 93 -Contention Three - Free speech cuts both ways – instead of silencing through speech codes, hate speech should be responded with deliberation. 94 -Piser ’16: 95 -Piser ’16 (Karina, “Trump’s Bigotry Tests the Limits of Free Speech,” Aljazeera America, January 2016, http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/1/trumps-bigotry-tests-the-limits-of-free-speech.html, TW) 96 - 97 -Stomaching hateful views is 98 -AND 99 -the right to drown them out. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,112 +1,0 @@ 1 -Prefer non-ideal theory: 2 -1. Social Ontology: Ideal theory fails to recognize that agency is political – focusing on a pre-given subject ignores our constitutive social relations. An ontology that recognizes differentiation in subjectivity is key. 3 -BUTLER: 4 -(Judith Butler. 1992. “Continent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of “Postmodernism” Feminists Theorize the Political) 5 -“In a sense, the subject 6 -AND 7 -be prior to politics itself.” 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -2. Standpoint Epistemology: Ideal theory strips away questions of particularities and isolates a universal feature of agents. This normalizes a single experience and epistemically skews ethical theorizing. 13 -MILLS 3: 14 - (“Ideal Theory” as Ideology CHARLES W. MILLS 2004 UH-DD, http://www.douglasficek.com/teaching/phi-102/mills.pdf) 15 -“The crucial common claim—whether 16 -AND 17 -concepts arrived at may be misleading.” (175) 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 -Embracing pluralism is key to acknowledging the social oppression of heterogeneous groups. 22 -Young: 23 - 24 - Young, Iris Marion. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990. Print. CM 25 -Second, because it 26 -AND 27 -public facilitates such expression. 28 - 29 -Multiple impacts: 30 -1 - ANALYTIC 31 -2 - ANALYTIC 32 - 33 -Thus the standard is resisting structural violence. 34 - 35 -Advantage 1 – Radicalized Racism 36 -Speech codes just turn outspoken bigots into closeted ones, draining support from protest movements because the problem is buried under speech codes, and as a result less visible to the public. 37 - 38 -ACLU: 39 -ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), “Hate Speech on Campus,” 2016. 40 -Many universities, under 41 -AND 42 -inclusive approaches to all subject matter. 43 - 44 -And free speech cuts both ways – instead of silencing through speech codes, hate speech should be responded with deliberation 45 -Piser ’16: 46 -Piser ’16 (Karina, “Trump’s Bigotry Tests the Limits of Free Speech,” Aljazeera America, January 2016, http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/1/trumps-bigotry-tests-the-limits-of-free-speech.html, TW) 47 -Stomaching hateful views 48 -AND 49 -to drown them out. 50 - 51 -Letting people say what they want lets America OPEN THEIR EYES and DO SOMETHING 52 -Burke ’16: 53 -Burke ’16 (Cathy, “Joe Biden: ‘I Want to Thank’ Trump For Unmasking America’s Racism,” News Mask, March 01 2016, http://www.newsmax.com/Headline/joe-biden-thanks-donald-trump-exposing/2016/03/01/id/716945/, TW) 54 -Vice President Joe Biden 55 -AND 56 -deals going on," he added. 57 - 58 -Increasing prevalence of censorship culture and political correctness cedes the political - that’s why trump got elected. 59 -Soave ’16: 60 -Soave ’16 (Robby, Associate editor at reason.com with primary areas of interest in college news, education policy, criminal justice reform and television, “Trump Won Because Leftist Political Correctness Inspired a Terrifying Backlash,” November 2016, , http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/09/trump-won-because-leftist-political-corr, TW) 61 - 62 -Trump won because of 63 -AND 64 -he isn't afraid to speak his. 65 - 66 - 67 -Advantage 2 – Exictable Speech 68 -Injurious speech is specifically conditioned by a history of social normalization. Strategies that account for the damage of the utterance in the moment cannot solve for the violence that precedes and follows the moment. 69 -Butler: 70 -BUTLER: “Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 71 -As utterances, they 72 -AND 73 -instance of utterance.” (Pg. 3) 74 - 75 -Implications- 76 -1. Linguistic Reversibility- injurious speech subjugates agents but paradoxically marks them as socially recognizable within language. This presents a site of linguistic reversibility. Since language is temporal, we can reverse the norms that make injurious speech possible. 77 -Butler 2: 78 -BUTLER 2: “Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 79 -“One is not 80 -AND 81 -we come to understand its faultlines?” (Pg. 2) 82 - 83 -2. Censorship is guaranteed failure~-~- It prevents survival strategies and it requires using injurious speech in its own critique. This ensures recirculation. 84 -Butler 3: 85 -BUTLER 3: “Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 86 -“Neither view can 87 -AND 88 -performance of hate speech. 89 - 90 -Impacts: 91 -A. Analytic 92 -B. Analytic 93 -C. Analytic 94 - 95 -Underview 96 -First - Public colleges only have jurisdiction over specific freedoms they could limit 97 -Byrne ’06: 98 -Byrne ‘06 (Peter J, Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “Constitutional Academic Freedom After Grutter: Getter Real about the ‘Four Freedoms’ of a University,” University of Colorado Law Review, 2006, Volume 77, pg 929-953, http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1443andcontext=facpub, TW) 99 - 100 -In a concurring opinion, 101 -AND 102 -valuable scholarship and teaching could exist. 103 - 104 -ANALYTIC 105 - 106 -Second – Restrictions of free speech on college campuses have empirically failed and were counter-productive. 107 -Friedersdork writes in 2015: 108 -Friedersdorf, 2015 (Conor Staff Writer at The Atlantic “The Lessons of Bygone Free-Speech Fights.” The Atlantic. 10 December 2015. Online. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/what-student-activists-can-learn-from-bygone-free-speech-fights/419178/) 109 - 110 -More than 20 years 111 -AND 112 -and civil-liberties community.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-02-05 16:33:32.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Preston Stolte - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Keller MH - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Cy-Fair Welch Aff - Title
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -JAN-FEB Radical Racists AC - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Colleyville
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -26,27 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-02-02 19:52:43.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Cathy Terrace - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Earl Warren NO - Round
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -5 - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,2 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC - Radical Democracy AC 2 -1N - Afropessism K - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -28 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-02-02 19:53:20.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Arun Sharma, Neel Yereni, Daniel Conrad - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Cedar Park MG - Round
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Quarters - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,2 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC - Radical Democracy 2 -1N - Nepantla K ROTB Term Papers PIC Agonism = Consequences Case Turns - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -University of Houston
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -29 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-02-03 05:28:17.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -30,31 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-02-03 23:55:42.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Jennifer Camacho - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Winston Churchill BY - Round
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... ... @@ -1,3 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC - Rule Util AC 2 -1N - Antiblackness K 3 -1AR - A2 Unflinching Paradigmatic Analysis SHORT - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -32 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-02-05 16:10:33.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Jane Boyd - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,2 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC - Rule Util v2 2 -1N - Frat CP Endowments DA - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -33 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-02-05 16:33:30.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Keller MH - Round
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... ... @@ -1,2 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC - Radical Racists AC 2 -1N - Kant NC - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2017-03-10 13:46:48.937 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Derek Liles - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,3 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC - Young v1 2 -1N - Positive Right T Warren K Inherency Indites Segregation DA Housing Traps DA Welfare Bad Solvency Indites 3 -1AR - A2 State Bad R2H = Negative Right - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,111 @@ 1 +====First, our body is a condensed history of millions of years of mutations, and we continue to be vulnerable to the random laws of genetics. Random mutations create the inevitable conditions for evolution and explain the diversity of life. ==== 2 + 3 +=====Haviland ~~1~~:===== 4 +Haviland, William A. Anthropology: The Human Challenge, 15th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2017. ~~Yuzu~~. UH-DD 5 +"At the level of an 6 +AND 7 +for some new adaptation." (Pg. 41) 8 + 9 +Implications: 10 +A) Analytic 11 +B) Analytic 12 +C) Analytic 13 +D) Analytic 14 +E) Analytic 15 +F) Analytic 16 + 17 +====The evolution of our brains created the conditions for cultural adaptation. No longer did we have to wait generations to prevail environmental pressures. Through culture, we could overcome challenges that were not possible from a purely biology standpoint. ==== 18 + 19 +=====Haviland ~~2~~: ===== 20 +Haviland, William A. Anthropology: The Human Challenge, 15th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2017. ~~Yuzu~~. UH-DD 21 +"In the quest for 22 +AND 23 +and cultural change." (Pg. 167-168) 24 + 25 +Implications: 26 +A. Analytic 27 +B. Analytic 28 +C. Analytic 29 +D. Analytic 30 + 31 +====And, if cultural conflict is inevitable, the goal of intercultural politics is not to eradicate conflict, but to channel conflict in ways productive to intercultural coexistence. This requires an agonistic commitment, which reframes the other as an advisory instead of an enemy. ==== 32 + 33 +=====Mouffe ~~1~~:===== 34 +"On the Political" by Chantal Mouffe 2000 UH-DD 35 +"Once the theoretical terrain 36 +AND 37 +in an ongoing confrontation." (Pg. 101-102) 38 + 39 +====Thus, the standard is promoting agonistic democracy. To clarify, the standard is concerned with following the constitutive procedures of agonistic democracy, not ends. ==== 40 + 41 +=====Mouffe ~~2~~:===== 42 +(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox") 43 +"To avoid any confusion, 44 +AND 45 +for conflicting interpretations." (Pg. 120-121) 46 + 47 +===Contention One – === 48 + 49 +====A – Analytic.==== 50 + 51 +====B – Injurious speech subjugates agents but paradoxically marks them as socially recognizable within language. This presents a site of linguistic reversibility. Since language is temporal, we can reverse the norms that make injurious speech possible. ==== 52 + 53 +=====BUTLER ~~1~~:===== 54 +"Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity" by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 55 +"One is not simply fixed by the name that one is called. In being called an injurious name, one is derogated and demeaned. But the name holds out another possibility as well: by being called a name~~d~~, one is also, paradoxically, given a certain possibility for social existence, initiated into a temporal life of language that exceeds the prior purposes that animate that call. Thus the injurious address may appear to fix or paralyze the one it hails, but it may also produce an unexpected and enabling response. If to be addressed is to be interpellated, then the offensive call runs the risk of inaugurating a subject in speech who comes to use language to counter the offensive call. When the address is injurious, it works its force upon the one it injures. What is this force, and how might we come to understand its faultlines?" (Pg. 2) 56 + 57 +Analytic 58 + 59 +===Contention Two – === 60 + 61 +====A - Hate speech is different from hate crimes ==== 62 + 63 +=====Kamier:===== 64 +Kaminer Wendy (author, lawyer, journalist at the Atlantic and civil libertarian) "Why We Need to Tolerate Hate" Nov. 28 2012, The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/11/why-we-need-to-tolerate-hate/265654/ KA 65 +Decorate your house 66 +AND 67 +business of the state. 68 + 69 +====B - Agonism requires the diversity of beliefs to allow engagement.==== 70 + 71 +=====Mouffe ~~3~~:===== 72 +(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox")\ 73 +I submit that this 74 +AND 75 +thinking is invaluable. 76 + 77 +===Contention Three – === 78 + 79 +====Censorship allows our own logic to get co-opted crushing social movements.==== 80 + 81 +=====Adler '96:===== 82 +(Adler, Amy. "Whats Left?: Hate Speech, Pornography, And The Problem For Artistic Expression." California Law Review, Vol. 84, No. 6. December 1996. Web. December 07, 2016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3481093.) 83 +The failure of leftist 84 +AND 85 +left's very eyes. 86 + 87 +====Censorship is an issue of interpretation. This ensures cooption. ==== 88 + 89 +=====BUTLER ~~2~~:===== 90 +"Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity" by Judith Butler 1997 UH-DD 91 +"Indeed, recent efforts 92 +AND 93 +the moment of utterance." (Pg. 13) 94 + 95 +====Censorship only reifies the reigning hegemonic ideology. ==== 96 + 97 +=====Ward '90:===== 98 +Ward '90 (Dr. David V, ~~Phil Prof at Widener University,~~ "Library Trends," Philosophical Issues in Censorship and Intellectual Freedom, Vol 39, No 1 and 2, 1990, pg 86-87) 99 + 100 +Second, even if the opinion 101 +AND 102 +the expressions of others. 103 + 104 +===Underview=== 105 + 106 +====Arguments about construction of certain identities can never turn the framework- that misses the goal of agonism. Identity politics homogenizes and turns their identity.==== 107 +Mouffe 4 ~~Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox"~~ 108 + 109 +A well-functioning democracy 110 +AND 111 +basis of civility. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,7 @@ 1 +Anti-blackness is not an ontological antagonism~-~--conflict is inevitable in politics, but does not have to be demarcated around whiteness and blackness. 2 + 3 +Peter Hudson 13, Political Studies Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa, has been on the editorial board of the Africa Perspective: The South African Journal of Sociology and Theoria: A Journal of Political and Social Theory and Transformation, and is a member of the Johannesburg Workshop in Theory and Criticism, The state and the colonial unconscious, Social Dynamics: A journal of African studies, 2013 4 + 5 +Thus the self-same/other 6 +AND 7 +based on a determinate identity. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cathy Terrace - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +23,24 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-07 13:58:46.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Earl Warren NO - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,2 @@ 1 +1AC - Radical Democracy AC 2 +1N - Afropessism K - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-08 16:04:07.764 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Arun Sharma, Neel Yereni, Daniel Conrad - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cedar Park MG - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Quarters - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,2 @@ 1 +1AC - Radical Democracy 2 +1N - Nepantla K ROTB Term Papers PIC Agonism = Consequences Case Turns - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +University of Houston