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+I affirm, |
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+Resolved: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power |
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+The word "ought" denotes a moral obligation so I value morality. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====In order for morality to be act functional, it must be able to recognize subjective differences between individuals. Absent an examination of individual differences, ethics becomes a tool to dominate and is useless as an impartial guide to action. ==== |
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+**Young:** |
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+Young, Iris Marion. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990. Print. CM |
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+Some feminist and postmodern writers have suggested that a denial of difference structures Western reason |
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+AND |
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+offer a vision of a heterogeneous public that acknowledges and affirms group differences. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====This requires reconciliation between different groups values. Embracing pluralism is key to acknowledging the social oppression of heterogeneous groups. ==== |
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+Young 2: |
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+ Young, Iris Marion. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990. Print. CM |
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+Second, because it assures a voice for the oppressed as well as the privileged |
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+AND |
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+teacher has an obligation to teach their students but a janitor does not. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Material solutions outweigh abstract solutions because ideal theories fail to account for personal identity and marginalized groups.==== |
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+**Curry '14:** |
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+**Dr. Tommy J. Curry. The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014 ** |
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+**Despite the pronouncement of** debate as an **activity and** intellectual exercise** pointing to the real ** |
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+**AND** |
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+**used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.** |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====People need to be able to critically deconstruct representations of themselves and their identity to understand cultural politics and power.==== |
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+ Giroux: |
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+Henry A. Giroux, Teacher Education Quarterly Winter 2004, Critical Pedagogy and the Modern/Postmodern Divide: Towards Pedagogy of Democracy, 32-33, CM |
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+The search for a new politics and a new critical language that crosses the critical |
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+AND |
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+their bodily autonomy and making them human guinea pigs for a strategic military advantage |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Contention 1) Nuclear power is being tested on Pacific Islanders. === |
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+**Istar '05** |
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+Dr Zohl de Ishtar, Post Doctoral Fellow, Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, is an Irish-Australian sociologist, who works in collaboration with Indigenous Australia and Pacific peoples, opposing nuclearisation and colonization of the Pacific region. Zohl de Ishtar is author of the book Holding Yawulyu: White Culture and Black Women's Law. Melbourne: Spinifex Press: 2005 and editor of the 1998 book Pacific Women Speak Out for Independence and Denuclearisation, a joint publication of women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Aotearoa), the Disarmament and Security Centre (Aotearoa)and Pacific Connection (Australia). A survivor's warning on nuclear contamination http://www.pacificecologist.org/archive/13/survivors-nuclear-warning.pdf |
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+Tests equal to 7,000 Hiroshima bombs July 1st of this year ~~2005~~ marked the fifty-ninth year from the time Bikini and Enewetak atolls were used for the U.S. Nuclear Testing Program. The U.S. tested a total of 67 nuclear bombs, all of which were considered atmospheric. The "Bravo" shot, a 15 megaton device detonated on 1 March 1954 at Bikini atoll, was a hydrogen bomb, the strongest and thus most well known among the 67 bombs. It is said that Bravo alone was equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs and the rest of the tests to be equal to 7,000 Hiroshima bombs. Next year ~~2006~~ will be the 60th anniversary of such a legacy, a legacy of cancerous diseases, continuous state of poor health, alienation from our land – the glue that held our people together. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Contention 2) This testing causes grotesque effects on the civilians=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Nuclear testing has turned children into jellyfish==== |
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+**Beacham '92** |
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+Jellyfish babies ~~The following is excerpted from an article by Catherine Beacham, researcher at the University of the Philippines' Asian Center, which was first published in Midweek and later in ASA News. With the 2nd Global Radiation Victims Conference coming up in September (see WISE NC372.3651), we thought now would be an especially appropriate time to publish it.~~ Nuclear Monitor Issue: ~~#374-375 (June 25, 1992) Student Union of Hannover University (GreenNet, gn:gn.nuclear, 5 May 1992). Contact: NEWSLETTER, AStA Uni Hannover, Student Union of Hannover University, Welfengarten 1, W-3000 Hannover 1, Germany; tel: +49 511-762 506-1,-2,-3; fax: +49 511-717 441. Pacific Concerns Resource Centre, General Coordination Office, CPO Box 3148, Auckland, Aotearoa (New Zealand); tel: +64 9-3075 862; fax: -777 651. https://www.wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/374-375/jellyfish-babies |
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+ Though US officials have long denied any link between their bombs and the alarming |
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+AND |
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+Mothers are not shown their mutated bodies; it would be too inhumane. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Nuclear radiation is resulting in genocide of Marshall Islanders==== |
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+Blair '10 |
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+Jason Blair at 12:10 PM Friday, April 16, 2010 Jellyfish Babies: Birth Defects of Nuclear Radiation this is an analysis of a 1st hand report of the impact of nuclear testing: http://archives.pireport.org/archive/2005/June/06-14-com2.htm http://psci3206colorado.blogspot.com/2010/04/jellyfish-babies-birth-defects-of.html |
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+Between 1954 and 1958 one in three births on the Marshall Islands resulted in fetal |
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+AND |
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+actions. This leaves the government unaccountable for their policies of environmental contamination. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====This problem is still persisting – it's try or die. ==== |
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+Koehler '12 |
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+Robert Koehler is an award-winning, Chicago-based journalist and nationally syndicated writer. Published on Wednesday, February 15, 2012 by Common Dreams Happy Savages: What We Did to the Marshall Islanders by Robert C. Koehler http://www.commondreams.org/views/2012/02/15/happy-savages-what-we-did-marshall-islanders |
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+Nuclear Savage is the story of what we did to the Marshall Islanders throughout the |
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+AND |
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+for unfathomable billions of dollars), will be operational at least through 2086. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Contention 3) The only solvency is to get rid of all things nuclear=== |
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+Istar '05 |
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+Dr Zohl de Ishtar, Post Doctoral Fellow, Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, is an Irish-Australian sociologist, who works in collaboration with Indigenous Australia and Pacific peoples, opposing nuclearisation and colonization of the Pacific region. Zohl de Ishtar is author of the book Holding Yawulyu: White Culture and Black Women's Law. Melbourne: Spinifex Press: 2005 and editor of the 1998 book Pacific Women Speak Out for Independence and Denuclearisation, a joint publication of women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Aotearoa), the Disarmament and Security Centre (Aotearoa)and Pacific Connection (Australia). A survivor's warning on nuclear contamination http://www.pacificecologist.org/archive/13/survivors-nuclear-warning.pdf |
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+Lijon's statement should be taken as a warning for us all. We should hasten to take steps to ensure the Marshallese experience is never repeated. But this same atrocity against humanity has already been repeated in places like Maralinga and Monte Bello in Australia, Moruroa ~~mir-rue-O~~ and Fangataufa~~fang-a-2-fa~~ in French Polynesia (or Te Ao Maohi), in Christmas Island in Kiribati (and many other places across the Pacific and around the world). We are far behind schedule in ensuring this planet is a safe place for its peoples. And with eight nations currently holding over 27,000 nuclear weapons, and a renewed push for the mining of uranium to feed a proliferation of nuclear power stations across the globe, the question we need to ask is: will humanity heed Lijon's warning in time? We urgently need to abolish and outlaw nuclear weapons and all things nuclear. All aspects of the nuclear armaments and power industry should be banned – from uranium mining through nuclear waste dumping, from nuclear power stations to the closely connected nuclear weapons industry. We have been very tardy in our efforts to pull away from the "Cold War" with its menacing nuclear paraphernalia. The clock hands still remain at "two-minutes-to-Midnight!" As Lijon has said: "Since the nuclear weapons tests, the story of the Marshallese people has been sad and painful. Allow our experience now to save others such sadness and pain later. I know first-hand what the devastating effects of nuclear weapons are over time and over long distances, and what those effects mean to innocent human beings across generations. I plead with you to do what you can, to not allow the suffering we Marshallese have experienced to be repeated in any other community in the world. While no government or other organization can restore the health of the Marshallese people or our environment, steps can be taken that will make it less likely the same kinds of horrors will be experienced again."7,8 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The US has a legal obligation to protect the people of Micronesia ==== |
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+Beacham '92 |
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+Jellyfish babies ~~The following is excerpted from an article by Catherine Beacham, researcher at the University of the Philippines' Asian Center, which was first published in Midweek and later in ASA News. With the 2nd Global Radiation Victims Conference coming up in September (see WISE NC372.3651), we thought now would be an especially appropriate time to publish it.~~ Nuclear Monitor Issue: ~~#374-375 (June 25, 1992) Student Union of Hannover University (GreenNet, gn:gn.nuclear, 5 May 1992). Contact: NEWSLETTER, AStA Uni Hannover, Student Union of Hannover University, Welfengarten 1, W-3000 Hannover 1, Germany; tel: +49 511-762 506-1,-2,-3; fax: +49 511-717 441. Pacific Concerns Resource Centre, General Coordination Office, CPO Box 3148, Auckland, Aotearoa (New Zealand); tel: +64 9-3075 862; fax: -777 651. https://www.wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/374-375/jellyfish-babies |
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+The United States was assigned administrative jurisdiction over the region which it later subdivided into |
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+AND |
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+base to expand its strategic presence and military capabilities throughout the Pacific region. |