Changes for page Cy-Fair Aing Aff

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1 +===Frame work ===
2 +
3 +
4 +====When obligation is contextualized in terms of government actors, the only system of ethics that is democratically justifiable is utilitarianism**. ====**
5 +
6 +
7 +**====Woller**^^^^:====
8 +Moreover, virtually …..
9 +in a democracy.
10 +
11 +
12 +====Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well being.
13 +However, even if we look at ethics in terms of individuals, morality mandates maximizing good experiences. Nirshberg^^^^:====
14 +If ethics is ……
15 +we ought to do.
16 +And, proving util is conceptually false is insufficient to defeat the framework because the
17 +AND
18 +deny that it's the only way for a government to fulfill its obligations.
19 +
20 +
21 +====Policy simulation is key to political activism—we learn the levers of power====
22 +Coverstone 5 ~~MBA (Alan, Acting on Activism)
23 +An important concern …..in America today.
24 +Obligation not to harm future generations is based on minimizing harm- we outweigh under
25 +AND
26 +should refrain from action if such action could endanger posterity's "equal opportunity."
27 +
28 +
29 +====Extractive mechanisms harm the natural environment at the expense of future generations, while privileging current ones. ====
30 +Rendall^^^^:
31 + Intergenerational justice deals ….without catastrophic "accidents"? ^^
32 +Also outweighs neg offense- the violation is the worst because future generations are the
33 +AND
34 +in willing the means to any end, whereas future generation don't exist.
35 +
36 +
37 +===Contention 1) Nuclear power release radiation ===
38 +
39 +
40 +====Subpoint B) Tailing releases radiation into water supplies ====
41 +Nelkin ^^^^
42 +In 1975, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests found that tailings from the
43 +AND
44 +Navajo tribe spent about $100,000 on trucking in fresh water.
45 +
46 +
47 +===Contention 2) radiation harms future generations ===
48 +
49 +
50 +
51 +====Subpoint A) look to Chernobyl to show you that nuclear radiation harms the future generation====
52 +Varoli John
53 +"twenty years later, the Chernobyl disaster still affects children health" unicef April 26 2006 http://www.unicef.org/health/ukraine_33604.html
54 +HERNOBYL, Ukraine, 25 April 2006 – On the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl
55 +AND
56 +leading to a whole generation of children growing up potentially brain-damaged."
57 +
58 +
59 +====Nuclear Energy causes radiation health problems====
60 +Caldicott 2006 ~~Dr. Helen Caldicott, July 2006, devoted the last 35 years to an international campaign to educate the public about the medical hazards of the nuclear age Nuclear Power Is Not the Answer, http://www.helencaldicott.com/chapter3.pdf~~
61 +Few, if any, estimates of the costs of nuclear energy take into account
62 +AND
63 +nature of radiation is critical to understanding the health impacts of nuclear energy.
64 +
65 +
66 +===Contention 3// Nuclear power intensifies the factors of global warming.===
67 +
68 +
69 +====Subpoint A) Nuclear power is becoming a worse option.====
70 +
71 +=====A Green Road Journal '16:=====
72 +A Green Road Journal '16 (A Green Road Journal, "5 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is A Dead End Technology, by Jeremy Rifkin – Advisor To Heads Of State Around The World," A Green Road Journal .com, April 29 2016, http://www.agreenroadjournal.com/2014/04/5-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-dead.html, TW)
73 +1) From a business perspective, it's over 2) Its been dead in
74 +AND
75 +reactors, and that water comes out hot which further exasperates ecological problems.
76 +
77 +
78 +====Subpoint B) Nuclear power increases climate change.====
79 +
80 +=====A Green Road Journal '16:=====
81 +A Green Road Journal '16 (A Green Road Journal, "Nuclear Energy As A Direct Cause Of Global Warming, Acid Rain, Acid Oceans, Extreme Weather, And Super Storms," A Green Road Journal .com, March 24, http://www.yourdictionary.com/production, TW)
82 +Let's tackle the many ways that nuclear power plants create radioactive pollution, (as
83 +AND
84 +, including those green living things that create oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
85 +
86 +
87 +====Subpoint C) Renewable energy can solve for climate change.====
88 +
89 +=====Delucchi and Jacobson '11:=====
90 +Delucchi and Jacobson '11 (Mark A, ~~Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis,~~ Mark Z, ~~Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University,~~ "Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies," Energy Policy 39 (2011), pg 1170-1190, https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/DJEnPolicyPt2.pdf, TW)
91 +A large-scale wind, water, and solar energy system can reliably supply
92 +AND
93 +theory debate
94 +I have limited time to extend answers turns and answer thenc
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1 +=Indigenous Aff=
2 +
3 +
4 +====In order for morality to be act functional, it must be able to recognize subjective differences between individuals. Absent an examination of individual differences, ethics becomes a tool to dominate and is useless as an impartial guide to action. ====
5 +
6 +=====Young:=====
7 +**Young, Iris Marion. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ**
8 +**AND**
9 +**offer a vision of a heterogeneous public that acknowledges and affirms group differences.**
10 +
11 +
12 +====Ts. ====
13 +
14 +=====Young 2:=====
15 +**Young, Iris Marion. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990. Print. CM**
16 +**Second,** because it assures a voice for the oppressed** as well as the privileged**
17 +**AND**
18 +silenced by cultural imperialism. Group representation in the public facilitates such expression.
19 +
20 +
21 +====Multiple impacts: ====
22 +
23 +analytic
24 +
25 +=====Excluding voices reinforces hierarchies which inherently privileges the have's in society over the have not's=====
26 +
27 +=====AND====
28 +
29 +
30 +===Contention– Hazzard ===
31 +
32 +
33 +====Subpoint A) Mill taling poses the greatest threat to reservations ====
34 +Nelkin^^^^ 1
35 +The uranium
36 +And
37 +dispersing the wastes.
38 +Milling is the first step in uranium mining process and one of the most hazzardis to the environment by contaminating water supplies, the soil and the wind
39 +
40 +
41 +====Subpoint B) Tailing is hazardous to the water supply to the Navajo reservation ====
42 +Nelkin ^^^^ 2
43 +In 1975, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests found that tailings from the
44 +AND
45 +Navajo tribe spent about $100,000 on trucking in fresh water.
46 +
47 +
48 +====Subpoint c) Many tribes fear the aftermath of nuclear waste sites ====
49 +Lewis ^^^^1
50 +Radioactive contamination
51 +And
52 +all that radiation
53 +to them as a population.
54 +
55 +
56 +=== Contention – culture integrity ===
57 +
58 +
59 +====Subpoint A) The Environment is a huge part of Native culture ====
60 +Lewis ^^^^ 2
61 +Native Americans have
62 +And
63 +beings, past and present
64 +Indians managed this world's bounty and diversity based on years of accumulated wisdom-the
65 +AND
66 +their environment. Mining and stealing from the earth is a cultural assault.
67 +
68 +
69 +====Subpoint B polices harms the indigenous culture ====
70 +Nelkin
71 +Official policy
72 +And compare their experiences:
73 + . . . of livestock wells and springs turning up red water, of
74 +AND
75 +you take away their culture you are devaluing them as a whole race.
76 +
77 +
78 +====Subpoint C) Drilling effects sacred native lands and causes social and distributional problems ====
79 +Nelkin
80 +Beyond these intrusions, uranium development has had significant social impact as small com munities
81 +AND
82 +the space available to Indians who continue to depend on the land for subsistence
83 +
84 +
85 +===Solvency- they should be treated by nuclear power===
86 +
87 +
88 +====Native American tribes ought to prohibit from producing nuclear power on their reservations. ====
89 +Native tribes already have sovereignty
90 +Erickson ^^^^
91 +Unless authorized by federal law or affected, altered, or diminished by tribal law
92 +AND
93 +United states need to recognize their sovereignty and begin treating them as such.
94 +
95 +
96 +====And Native Tribes want to remove nuclear power from their lands ====
97 +Kamps ^^^^
98 +Bullcreek is fighting the dump because it would ruin that peace and her family's ancient
99 +AND
100 +by requiring the US to recognize Native Americans sovereignty thus making their voice heard
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