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-A2 Native CP |
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-The 1AC is not the end all be all. Native Nation and US Policy alliance is key to pass a strong climate bill with real solutions. This is a shift in the right direction and certainly a necessary one. Perm solves. |
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-Tom B. K. Goldtooth 10 (Mato Awanyankapi) “The State of Indigenous America Series: Earth Mother, Piñons, and Apple Pie” Wicazo Sa Review. Volume 25. Number 2. Fall 2010 pp. 11-28 University of Minnesota Press DOI: 10.1353/wic.2010.0006 muse.jhu.edu/article/400482 |
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-Nuclear power is not a solution to climate change. From min- ing to nuclear waste, the nuclear cycle is far from carbon neutral and disproportionately impacts indigenous communities. Nuclear power is also economically unfeasible, and will not address climate change at the speed required to mitigate the devastation ahead. Unchecked expansion of biofuels (agrofuels) production and agricultural monocrops threaten biodiversity and food security and contribute to climate change and the destruction of rainforests, impact- ing indigenous communities worldwide. In this country, the govern- ment is planning to provide incentives for the construction of biomass waste-to-energy burners that will depend on agrofuels and potentially genetically modified trees and plants as fuels, replacing precious lands needed for food crop production. Here in the United States, our Native Nations, as sovereigns, working with our Native grassroots members have work in front of us. We must look toward the next steps at home, within our Native Nations and within the U.S. Senate. Copenhagen is over, yet our work is far from finished. We need to get more informed on climate policy and its link to energy, green jobs, and water and food policy. We need your support, as Native academia, to encourage the Senate to pass a strong climate bill—one with real solutions, not false solutions. |
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-A2 Thorium PIC |
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-You misunderstand thorium reactors, they can’t be fissile on their own, they still require uranium and plutonium to work |
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-World Nuclear Association 15 “Thorium” http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/thorium.aspx |
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-Thorium (Th-232) is not itself fissile and so is not directly usable in a thermal neutron reactor. However, it is ‘fertile’ and upon absorbing a neutron will transmute to uranium-233 (U-233)a, which is an excellent fissile fuel materialb. In this regard it is similar to uranium-238 (which transmutes to plutonium-239). All thorium fuel concepts therefore require that Th-232 is first irradiated in a reactor to provide the necessary neutron dosing to produce protactinium-233. The Pa-233 that is produced can either be chemically separated from the parent thorium fuel and the decay product U-233 then recycled into new fuel, or the U-233 may be usable ‘in-situ’ in the same fuel form, especially in molten salt reactors (MSRs).Thorium fuels therefore need a fissile material as a ‘driver’ so that a chain reaction (and thus supply of surplus neutrons) can be maintained. The only fissile driver options are U-233, U-235 or Pu-239. (None of these is easy to supply) |