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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,19 @@ 1 +Interpretation: The aff must explicitly specify a comprehensive role of the ballot and clarify how the round will play out under that role of the ballot in the form of a delineated text in the 1AC To clarify, the aff must: 2 + 3 +Clarify how offense links back to the role of the ballot, such as whether post-fiat offense or pre-fiat offense matters and which comes first. 4 +2. Clarify what theoretical objections do and do not link to the aff, such as whether or not the aff comes before theory. 5 + 6 +3. Clarify how to weigh and compare between competing advocacies i.e. whether the role of the ballot is solely determined by the flow or another method of engagement. 7 + 8 +Violation: 9 + 10 +Standards: 11 +Engagement 12 + 13 +Fairness and Education 14 + 15 +No RVIs 16 + 17 +Drop the Debater 18 + 19 +Competiting Interps - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,49 @@ 1 +====Clinton can secure a landslide now – that causes democrats to take back Congress – but maintaining wide margins is key – democratic congress is key to immigration reform==== 2 +**Stein 10/8 **Jeff Stein, Vox politics reporter, 10/8/16, "A Trump collapse could give Democrats back the House. Here’s the math." http://www.vox.com/2016/10/8/13211858/house-math-trump, rxb 3 +But it certainly seems likely to leave a mark. When Trump suffered his worst 4 +AND 5 +earlier than anyone thought possible, maybe they can come to forgive him. 6 + 7 + 8 +====Nuclear power’s popular—overwhelming public support.==== 9 + 10 + 11 +====NEI 15==== 12 +Nuclear Energy Institute. "New Survey Shows Strong Support for Nuclear Energy." Nasdaq Global Newswire. March 19, 2015 13:38 ET. KF 13 +WASHINGTON, DC,, March 19, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Large majorities 14 +AND 15 +surveys in 2014, that sentiment was expressed by 70 percent of respondents. 16 + 17 + 18 +====AND AMERICAN SUPPORT SPENDING FOR NUCLEAR SUBMARINE, MEANS PUBLIC WANTS NUKE SUBS==== 19 +Freeman 3-24 20 +Freeman, Ben. "Public Opinion for the Top Counterterrorism Issues." Third Way. N.p., 24 Mar. 2016. Web. 15 Oct. 2016. http://www.thirdway.org/memo/public-opinion-for-the-top-counterterrorism-issues 21 +The public is generally ill-informed about the size of the defense budget, 22 +AND 23 +who believe we spend too little is the highest mark since 2001. 24 + 25 + 26 +====Hillary is tied to Obama’s approval ratings—data proves.==== 27 + 28 + 29 +====Lazaroff 1-24==== 30 +Lazaroff, Leon (Leon Lazaroff has been with TheStreet since March 2013 as an editor, media industry reporter and political writer.). "Why Hillary Clinton Is Embracing Barack Obama and His 47 Approval Rating." TheStreet. Jan 24, 2016 1:20 PM EST. KF 31 +In comments on the economy, Wall Street regulation, healthcare and negotiating with Iran 32 +AND 33 +have historically been the most accurate predictor of election outcomes," he wrote. 34 + 35 + 36 +====Immigration reform is key to cybersecurity. ==== 37 +McLarty 9 38 + Thomas F. McLarty III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, "U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force", 7-8-9, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us'immigration'policy.html 39 +We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms 40 +AND 41 +going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs. 42 + 43 + 44 +====Cyber attacks cause nuclear war==== 45 +**Cimbala 11** 46 +(Stephen J. Cimbala 2011. Professor of Political Science at Penn State. "Nuclear Crisis Management and "Cyberwar" Phishing for Trouble?" Strategic Studies Quarterly Spring 2011) 47 +This section discusses how cyberwar might adversely affect nuclear crisis management. Readers are advised 48 +AND 49 +the risk of "normal" reconnaissance under these extra-ordinary conditions. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,12 @@ 1 +====The Chinese are expanding their naval fleet which can ruin US global hegemony. US nuclear submarine expansion via enrinched uranium k2 check it ==== 2 +Majumdar 16 Dave Majumdar has been covering defense since 2004. He has written for Flight International, Defense News and C4ISR Journal. Majumdar studied Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary and is a student of naval history. "Could the US Navy Really Hunt Down Russian or Chinese Submarines?" August 12, 2016 http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/could-the-us-navy-really-hunt-down-russian-or-chinese-17346 3 +Meanwhile, on the other side of the world, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 4 +AND 5 +fix at this point—it’s the result of decisions made long ago." 6 + 7 + 8 +====Impact-Chinese expansionism can escalate to a nuclear sea war. ==== 9 + 10 + 11 +====Symonds 16 Peter Symonds is on the main editorial board for the World Socialist Editorial Board which aims to meet the need, felt widely today, for an intelligent appraisal of the problems of contemporary society. It addresses itself to the masses of people who are dissatisfied with the present state of social life, as well as its cynical and reactionary treatment by the establishment media. "US-China underwater rivalry in South China Sea" July 28, 2016 https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2016/07/28/scse-j28.html==== 12 +The US has justified ... two nuclear-armed powers. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,138 @@ 1 +I negate. 2 +I value morality as per the wording of ought in the resolution. 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 +First, Structural violence is based in moral exclusion; certain groups are placed outside of our moral spheres. 8 + 9 +Winter and Leighton 99 10 +Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. “Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century.” Pg 4-5 , cp mg 11 + 12 +Finally, to recognize the…to building lasting peace. 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 +Second, universal ethics are useless as guides to action because they generate perspectives of the privileged as universal. Only an inclusion of the oppressed in a conception of justice affirms difference. 17 + 18 +Young 19 +Young, Iris Marion. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990. Print. 19 July 2016. 20 +Some feminist and postmodern writers have suggested that a denial of difference structures Western reason, where difference means particularity, the heterogeneity of the body and affectivity, or the inexhaustibility of linguistic and social relations without a unitary, undifferentiated origin. 21 + 22 +This book seeks to show …and affirms group differences. 23 + 24 +Thus the standard is resting structural oppression. 25 + 26 + 27 + 28 + 29 +Contention 1 is Indemnification 30 + 31 + 32 + 33 +1. Litigation slows down effectiveness of police departments. 34 + 35 +Rosen 5 36 +Rosen, Michael M.(Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm) "A Qualified Defense: In Suport of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Caess, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement" Golden Gate University Law Review. Volume 35. Issue 2. January 2005. http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev 37 + 38 +It is hard to deny…in improving deterrence of crime. 39 + 40 + 41 + 42 +2. Municipalities are responsible for indemnification—police officers are not supposed to pay anything. 43 + 44 +Schwartz 14 45 +Schwartz, Joanna C., “POLICE INDEMNIFICATION”, New York University Law Review, Volume 89:885, June 2014., cp mg 46 + 47 +The assumption that … the¶ community as a whole.” 48 + 49 + 50 + 51 + 52 +And, municipality indemnification is already becoming prevalent, but will grow enormously under limited qualified immunity. 53 + 54 +Schwartz 14 55 +Schwartz, Joanna C., “POLICE INDEMNIFICATION”, New York University Law Review, Volume 89:885, June 2014., cp mg 56 + 57 +In stark contrast … and judgments as¶ 58 + 59 + 60 + 61 +Court cases against the police kill city budgets and harm the local economy. 62 + 63 +Ellinson and Frosh 15 64 +Zusha Elinson (Zusha Elinson is a U.S. news reporter based in Northern California) and Dan Frosch (Dan Frosch is a general assignment reporter for The Wall Street Journal's Southwest Bureau.), 7-15-15, "Cost of Police-Misconduct Cases Soars in Big U.S. Cities," WSJ 65 + 66 +The cost of resolving police-misconduct …sparked widespread protests. 67 + 68 + 69 + 70 +Police budget cuts turn and outweigh the case— 71 +a) Lack of police training—leads to more misconduct and police brutality. 72 + 73 +Hollowell 11 74 +Perry W. Hollowell (Perry W. Hollowell recently retired as Chief of Police, but has also been a Sheriff, Chief Deputy, Captain, Lieutenant and Sergeant while serving with three jurisdictions. Along with a thirty-five year law enforcement career he has also had a successful military career retiring after twenty-two years of service. A strong training background includes training law enforcement and military on both a national and international basis. Along with educating thousands of police and military, Perry has been adjunct faculty for three colleges. He has also pursued numerous hours of professional development programs to include the FBI National Academy, U.S. Army Sergeant’s Major Academy and a Master of Business Management Degree. His training, experience and education has provided the opportunity to train in a wide variety of topics.), 2011, “Are Budget Cuts Killing Police Officers?” N.p, http://www.in.gov/ilea/files/Are_Budget_Cuts_Killing_Police_Officers_11-01-11.pdf 75 + 76 +While it can be … revert to his firearm. 77 + 78 + 79 + 80 + 81 +c) Incentivizes unjust and more frequent arrests to make more money—they especially get to arrest more petty offenders. 82 + 83 +Benson 15 84 +Thor Benson (Thor Benson is a traveling writer based in Los Angeles, California. He regularly contributes to ATTN:, and his writing has also been featured in The Atlantic, Wired, Rolling Stone, Vice, The Verge, and elsewhere. ), 5-16-2015, "The 4 Disturbing Reasons Why Police Obsess over Petty Crime." 85 + 86 +Why so much attention …of its federal funding. 87 + 88 + 89 + 90 +And, Petty Crime Offenders are targeted not only for financial reasons, but also exacerbate institutional racism. 91 + 92 +Kopf 16 93 +Kopf, Dan. “The Fining of Black America, Pricenomics, June 24 2016. https://priceonomics.com/the-fining-of-black-america/ 94 + 95 +In March 2010, years before … the most African Americans. 96 + 97 + 98 + 99 +Contention 2 is court clog 100 + 101 + 102 + 103 + 104 +Courts are clogged now, but reforms are turning the tide. 105 + 106 +Emshwiller and Fields 14 107 +John Emshwiller (reporter) and Gary Fields (board member for the Fund for Investigative Journalism). “Justice Is Swift as Petty Crimes Clog Courts.” Wall Street Journal. November 30th, 2014. http://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-is-swift-as-petty-crimes-clog-courts-1417404782. KF 108 + 109 +For the millions of Americans …them except for bad things.” 110 + 111 + 112 + 113 + 114 +Qualified immunity avoids court clog—it deters frivolous lawsuits and makes it easier for the courts to dismiss the case. 115 + 116 +Callahan 5-29 117 +Callahan, Mike (John M. “Mike” Callahan Jr. served in the field of law enforcement for 44 years. He was appointed as a Special Agent with the United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) in May, 1968.). “Protecting cops from frivolous lawsuits: Qualified immunity, explained.” Police One. April 29, 2016. KF 118 + 119 +The United States Supreme Court has …who knowingly violate the law’.” 120 + 121 + 122 + 123 + 124 +Limiting qualified immunity causes longer and more trials—this leads to court clog. 125 + 126 +Thomson 9 127 +Thomson, Linda (Columnist, Deseret News). “U.S. Supreme Court: Police are protected from lawsuits.” Deseret News Utah. Jan. 22, 2009, 12:00 a.m. KF 128 + 129 +The U.S. Supreme Court … a constitutional right." 130 + 131 + 132 + 133 +Court clog undermines just enforcement of laws—that creates more aggressive enforcement. 134 + 135 +Bannon 13 136 +Alicia Bannon (serves as counsel for the Brennan Center’s Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts. Ms. Bannon also previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center’s Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal). “Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts.” Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law. September 10, 2013. http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/testimony-federal-courts-need-more-judges. KF 137 + 138 +The growing workload … vitality of our federal courts. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,26 @@ 1 +A. Interp: The affirmative must specify what “The United States” means, i.e. what branch of government or actor within the United States that passes the plan. 2 + 3 +B. Standards: 4 +1. Precision 5 + 6 +FGF 9 7 +Family Guardian Fellowship, “AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE MEANING OF THE TERM "UNITED STATES"” http://famguardian.org/subjects/Taxes/ChallJurisdiction/Definitions/freemaninvestigation.htm , Date accessed: 2/29/16 8 + 9 +Resnick 1 10 +Evan Resnick- assistant professor of political science – Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement,” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, Iss. 2 11 + 12 + 13 +2. Real-World 14 + 15 +Brovero 94 16 +Adrienne Brovero (head debate coach at the University of Mary Washington, debated for Wake Forest University and reached the semi-finals of the NDT two years in a row). “SOP, There It Is.” Debater’s Research Guide, Immigration. 1994. http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/Brovero1994Immigration.htm 17 + 18 +Strait and Wallace 7 19 +L. Paul Strait George Mason University and Brett Wallace. George Washington University. The scope of negative fiat and the logic of decision making. 2007. 20 + 21 + 22 +Drop the Debater 23 + 24 +Competing Interps 25 + 26 +No RVI - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,36 @@ 1 +Decline of active and engaged policing is driving a record spike in crime, caused by police fear of backlash 2 + 3 +Hofstetter 16 4 +George Hofstetter (President of the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs). “Proactive policing and the violent crime rate.” 2016. JDN. http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?m=1119707513166andca=4a80a442-8caf-45c4-97ca-745c0f1b6f88 5 + 6 +This past week, …levels not seen in years. 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 +Studies show officers fear litigation, which creates a chilling effect on enforcement 12 + 13 +Hawkins and Montsinger 7 14 +Homer C. Hawkins (Associate Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University) and Catherine Montsinger (Assistant Professor, Criminology, Johnson C. Smith University). “Police and Civil Liability: A Practical Guide to Avoiding Litigation.” Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2007 • 7(1). JDN. https://www.iletsbeiforumjournal.com/images/Issues/FreeIssues/ILEEF202007-7.1.pdf 15 + 16 +Litigaphobia, also referred …litigation may present. 17 + 18 + 19 + 20 + 21 +Policing is key to solve crime; harsh punishments have no impact without strong enforcement. 22 + 23 +OJP 16 24 +Office of Justice Programs (Agency of the Department of Justice). “Five Things About Deterrence.” National Institute of Justice. 6 June 2016. JDN. http://nij.gov/five-things/pages/deterrence.aspx 25 + 26 +Does punishment prevent … may exacerbate recidivism 27 + 28 + 29 + 30 + 31 +Crime outweighs other systemic impacts; It’s the single most important issue to marginalized communities 32 + 33 +Bouie 14 34 +Jamelle Bouie (Slate’s chief political correspondent). “Actually, Blacks Do Care About Black Crime.” Slate. 1 December 2014. JDN. http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/12/black_community_is_concerned_with_black_on_black_crime_suggesting_otherwise.html 35 + 36 +First, a little context: …in many American cities. - EntryDate
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