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... ... @@ -1,19 +1,0 @@ 1 -Police are not just legal enforcement. Their right to enforce laws is justified by their ability to control the surveillance state. FOUCAULT: 2 -Michel Foucault. Discipline and Punish (1975), PanopticismIII. DISCIPLINE 3. Panopticism. From Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (NY: Vintage Books 1995) pp. 195-228 translated from the French by Alan Sheridan © 1977 3 -“But, although the ... for all by a state apparatus.” 4 -And, in the context of language words like “police officers” cannot escape their social meaning. Social epistemology governs all thought and conceptions of agency. MILLS: 5 -“Race and Epistemologies of Ignorance” 2007 Edited by Shannon Sullivan and Nancy Tuana – Chapter One: “White Ignorance” by Charles W. Mills // LM-DD 6 -“Start with perception. A central ... it is there or not.” (25) 7 -IMPACT: Surveillance is an extension of plantation security logic. This form of disciplinary power marks black bodies as hyper-visible and subject to the white gaze. BROWNE: 8 -Race and Surveillance Simone Browne 2012 Routledge International Handbooks : Routledge Handbook of Surveillance Studies.:Taylor and Francic, p 105 9 -“According to Christian Parenti, the ... a “technology of whiteness” 10 - 11 -AND, the ability to control the black gaze has allowed whiteness to become invisible and blackness remains hyper-visible. This creates an epistemically ethnocentric starting point for ethics and allows white supremacy to remain omnipresent. 12 -HOOKS: 13 -bell hooks~-~- Black looks: race and representation / Bell Hooks. p.cm. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN 0-89608-433-7 Pg 168 14 -“In white supremacist society, whites people can "safely" imagine that they are invisible to black ... this fantasy which makes whiteness synonymous with goodness” 15 - 16 - 17 -The alternative is to abolish police. Small scale reforms cannot solve; they only re-entrench the system. Abolition is key. HOTCHKIN: 18 -Accountability Is Futile – Abolish the PoliceNOVEMBER 12, 2015 BY JOSHUA SCOTT HOTCHKIN 52 COMMENTS//KINGAK HOTCHKIN 19 -“Accountability is futile. ... come back to this.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,23 +1,0 @@ 1 -1. Municipalities are responsible for indemnification—police officers are not supposed to pay anything. 2 -Schwartz 14 3 -Schwartz, Joanna C., “POLICE INDEMNIFICATION”, New York University Law Review, Volume 89:885, June 2014., cp mg 4 -The assumption that ... the community as a whole.” 5 -And, municipality indemnification is already becoming prevalent, but will grow enormously under limited qualified immunity. 6 -Schwartz 14 7 -Schwartz, Joanna C., “POLICE INDEMNIFICATION”, New York University Law Review, Volume 89:885, June 2014., cp mg 8 -In stark contrast to ... the settlements and judgments as¶ 9 - 10 -Court cases against the police kill city budgets and harm the local economy. 11 -Ellinson and Frosh 15 12 -Zusha Elinson (Zusha Elinson is a U.S. news reporter based in Northern California) and Dan Frosch (Dan Frosch is a general assignment reporter for The Wall Street Journal's Southwest Bureau.), 7-15-15, "Cost of Police-Misconduct Cases Soars in Big U.S. Cities," WSJ 13 -The cost of resolving police-misconduct ... chokehold last summer sparked widespread protests. 14 -Police budget cuts turn and outweigh the case— 15 -a) Incentivizes unjust and more frequent arrests to make more money—they especially get to arrest more petty offenders. 16 -Benson 15 17 -Thor Benson (Thor Benson is a traveling writer based in Los Angeles, California. He regularly contributes to ATTN:, and his writing has also been featured in The Atlantic, Wired, Rolling Stone, Vice, The Verge, and elsewhere. ), 5-16-2015, "The 4 Disturbing Reasons Why Police Obsess over Petty Crime." 18 -Why so much attention on ... can lose some of its federal funding. 19 - 20 -And, Petty Crime Offenders are targeted not only for financial reasons, but also exacerbate institutional racism. 21 -Kopf 16 22 -Kopf, Dan. “The Fining of Black America, Pricenomics, June 24 2016. https://priceonomics.com/the-fining-of-black-america/, cp mg 23 -In March 2010, years before ... most African Americans. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,19 @@ 1 +Police are not just legal enforcement. Their right to enforce laws is justified by their ability to control the surveillance state. FOUCAULT: 2 +Michel Foucault. Discipline and Punish (1975), PanopticismIII. DISCIPLINE 3. Panopticism. From Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (NY: Vintage Books 1995) pp. 195-228 translated from the French by Alan Sheridan © 1977 3 +“But, although the ... for all by a state apparatus.” 4 +And, in the context of language words like “police officers” cannot escape their social meaning. Social epistemology governs all thought and conceptions of agency. MILLS: 5 +“Race and Epistemologies of Ignorance” 2007 Edited by Shannon Sullivan and Nancy Tuana – Chapter One: “White Ignorance” by Charles W. Mills // LM-DD 6 +“Start with perception. A central ... it is there or not.” (25) 7 +IMPACT: Surveillance is an extension of plantation security logic. This form of disciplinary power marks black bodies as hyper-visible and subject to the white gaze. BROWNE: 8 +Race and Surveillance Simone Browne 2012 Routledge International Handbooks : Routledge Handbook of Surveillance Studies.:Taylor and Francic, p 105 9 +“According to Christian Parenti, the ... a “technology of whiteness” 10 + 11 +AND, the ability to control the black gaze has allowed whiteness to become invisible and blackness remains hyper-visible. This creates an epistemically ethnocentric starting point for ethics and allows white supremacy to remain omnipresent. 12 +HOOKS: 13 +bell hooks~-~- Black looks: race and representation / Bell Hooks. p.cm. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN 0-89608-433-7 Pg 168 14 +“In white supremacist society, whites people can "safely" imagine that they are invisible to black ... this fantasy which makes whiteness synonymous with goodness” 15 + 16 + 17 +The alternative is to abolish police. Small scale reforms cannot solve; they only re-entrench the system. Abolition is key. HOTCHKIN: 18 +Accountability Is Futile – Abolish the PoliceNOVEMBER 12, 2015 BY JOSHUA SCOTT HOTCHKIN 52 COMMENTS//KINGAK HOTCHKIN 19 +“Accountability is futile. ... come back to this.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,23 @@ 1 +1. Municipalities are responsible for indemnification—police officers are not supposed to pay anything. 2 +Schwartz 14 3 +Schwartz, Joanna C., “POLICE INDEMNIFICATION”, New York University Law Review, Volume 89:885, June 2014., cp mg 4 +The assumption that ... the community as a whole.” 5 +And, municipality indemnification is already becoming prevalent, but will grow enormously under limited qualified immunity. 6 +Schwartz 14 7 +Schwartz, Joanna C., “POLICE INDEMNIFICATION”, New York University Law Review, Volume 89:885, June 2014., cp mg 8 +In stark contrast to ... the settlements and judgments as¶ 9 + 10 +Court cases against the police kill city budgets and harm the local economy. 11 +Ellinson and Frosh 15 12 +Zusha Elinson (Zusha Elinson is a U.S. news reporter based in Northern California) and Dan Frosch (Dan Frosch is a general assignment reporter for The Wall Street Journal's Southwest Bureau.), 7-15-15, "Cost of Police-Misconduct Cases Soars in Big U.S. Cities," WSJ 13 +The cost of resolving police-misconduct ... chokehold last summer sparked widespread protests. 14 +Police budget cuts turn and outweigh the case— 15 +a) Incentivizes unjust and more frequent arrests to make more money—they especially get to arrest more petty offenders. 16 +Benson 15 17 +Thor Benson (Thor Benson is a traveling writer based in Los Angeles, California. He regularly contributes to ATTN:, and his writing has also been featured in The Atlantic, Wired, Rolling Stone, Vice, The Verge, and elsewhere. ), 5-16-2015, "The 4 Disturbing Reasons Why Police Obsess over Petty Crime." 18 +Why so much attention on ... can lose some of its federal funding. 19 + 20 +And, Petty Crime Offenders are targeted not only for financial reasons, but also exacerbate institutional racism. 21 +Kopf 16 22 +Kopf, Dan. “The Fining of Black America, Pricenomics, June 24 2016. https://priceonomics.com/the-fining-of-black-america/, cp mg 23 +In March 2010, years before ... most African Americans. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,18 @@ 1 +Framework: The standard is consistency with universal freedom. 2 + 3 +First, an agent’s will acts on a law that it gives to itself. If pleasure were a law to you, then you would straightaway do the pleasurable act, but since you’re autonomous, you can reason about taking the action. Thus a condition of action is that the will is self-determined. KORSGAARD: 4 +“Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant” by Christine M. Korsgaard LW-DD 5 +“Now I’m going to ... on which you act.” (123) 6 + 7 +And, a rational will must set ends within a system of reciprocal constraints. Anything else justifies that someone could impede your ability to achieve your end in the first place, which also means reason constrains end-based frameworks. SIYAR: 8 +Jamsheed Aiam Siyar: Kant’s Conception of Practical Reason. Tufts University, 1999 LW-DD 9 +“Recall that insofar... constraining my actions.” (80-81) 10 + 11 + 12 +Contention: 13 + 14 +Freedom implies an innate right to determine the course of your actions. In the state of nature, might rather than right governs these judgements. Absent of a public authority, rights violations are inevitable. VARDEN: 15 +“A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” by Helga Varden Chapter from: “Freedom of Expression in a Diverse ... to anyone’s arbitrary choices.” (46-47) 16 + 17 +And, the Brandenburg v. Ohio U.S. Supreme Court decision maintains that seditious speech is protected by the First Amendment so long as it does not indicate an “imminent” threat. But, seditious speech is never compatible with an omnilateral will and must be restricted. The intent requires the right to destroy the state, which justifies the annihilation of all rights. VARDEN 2: 18 +“A Kantian Conception of ... it is a public crime (6: 331).” (52) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,34 @@ 1 +Alternative Text: This debate should be framed through counterfactual reasoning. 2 +To clarify, a counter-factual focus would demand a debate over the right to constitutionally-protected free speech in the past and evaluated the outcomes of no constitutionally-protected free speech in the counterfactual world. Here is an example of a counterfactual methodology. 3 +Healy 13: 4 +Healy, Thomas. "Holmes, Speech and the Power of Ideas - A Response." Holmes, Speech and the Power of Ideas - A Response. N.p., AUGUST 08, 2013 . Web. 15 Dec. 2016. 5 +First, let’s establish ... have been successful? 6 + 7 +And, the alternative is germane to the topic. The starting-point for free speech debate is based on knowledge produced by counterfactual what if’s 8 +Ronald 15: 9 +Free Speech Paternalism and Free Speech Exceptionalism: Pervasive Distrust of Government and the Contemporary First Amendment RONALD J. KROTOSZYNSKI, JR. * John S. Stone Chair, Professor of Law, and Director of Faculty Research, University of Alabama School of Law. - Vol. 76:3 2015 10 +False speech enjoys constitutional ... counter-factual approach to protecting speech.166 11 + 12 +And, the alternative is competitive: 13 +A. Starting Points 14 +B. Functionality 15 +C. Net Benefits – 16 +1. White Contingency –. 17 + YANCY: 18 +George Yancy Prof. Philosophy @ Dusquene, “What White Looks Like,” 2004 19 +“A genealogical examiningation of whiteness, ... critically evaluate and overcome.” 20 +And, factual framings inevitably curve judgments of contingency. Predictive analysis skews analyst to accept the historical emergence of the status quo. We control the strongest link to their justification for geneology. TETLOCK and LEBOW: 21 +(“Poking Counterfactual Holes in Covering Laws: Cognitive Styles and Historical Reasoning” 01 PHILIP E. TETLOCK is Burt Professor of Psychology and Political Science and RICHARD NED LEBOW is Professor of Political Science, History, and Psychology, the Mershon Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus.) Page 834 (M.V.) 22 +“Drawing on the literature on ... through the other group's exercise.” 23 +2. Decision Making Skills – Hindsight bias affects understanding by making it difficult to be receptive to alternative paths and outcomes. 24 +LEBOW: 25 +(RICHARD NED LEBOW is Professor of Political Science, History, and Psychology, the Mershon Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus “What's So Different about a Counterfactual? Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals by Niall Ferguson; The Pity of War: Explaining World War I by Niall Ferguson”, World Politics, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Jul., 2000), pp. 550-585, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054129) 26 +“The disciplinary tendency ... have led to different outcomes.” 27 +And, counterfactual reasoning is effective at undermining hindsight bias. Comparative empirics prove – LEBOW 2: 28 +Richard Ned Lebow 9, RICHARD NED LEBOW is Professor of Political Science, History, and Psychology, the Mershon Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus “What's So Different about a Counterfactual? Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals by Niall Ferguson; The Pity of War: Explaining World War I by Niall Ferguson”, World Politics, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Jul., 2000), pp. 550-585, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054129 29 +“Counterfactuals can be used ... shapes the answers we find.18” 30 + 31 + Futurism – DILLON: 32 +“It’s here, it’s that time:” Race, queer futurity, and the temporality of violence in Born in Flames by Stephen Dillon Women and Performance: a journal of feminist theory, 2013 33 +Vol. 23, No. 1 University of Minnesota 34 +“According to Spillers, ... The future will be what was before.” (42-43) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,21 @@ 1 +Universal rules fail. Any application of rules can never be verified because rules are indeterminate, as they require prior knowledge to understand them, which can never be the basis for truth. KRIPKE: 2 +“Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language” by Saul A. Kripke Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts 1982 DD 3 +“Normally, when we consider ... where things have the same schmolor if . . .” (17-20) 4 +If ethics cannot be based on rules, the ethical project must begin with practices. Unlike rules, practices are followed based on socially accepted procedures, as opposed to an indefinite number of rules. MOUFFE: 5 +“The Democratic Paradox” by Chantal Mouffe 2000 UH-DD 6 +“This reveals that procedures ... they are not supported by a specific form of ethos.” (68-69) 7 +This justifies virtue ethics: 8 +First, Mouffe says ethical practices require ethos since they are based on social procedures that are followed on pure willingness to be good in the face of no universal truth. Our passions for the good are explained by our commitment to virtues. KORSGAARD: 9 +“How to be an Aristotelian Kantian Constitutivist” Christine M. Korsgaard UH- DD 10 +“On this interpretation, when ... person’s virtues are constitutive of her will.” (26-27) 11 +Second, an ethic based in practice instead of rules requires virtue ethics. The virtuous character does not follow a rule that precedes and guides every context. In a particular context, the virtuous character acts for the right reasons, with the right motives, and at the right time. So, virtues are an inter-subjectively binding practice. We agree on the goodness of virtues, and the particular context determines the conditions for virtuous decision making. LEIBOWITZ: 12 +PARTICULARISM IN ARISTOTLE’S NICOMACHEAN ETHICS * Uri D. Leibowitz University of Nottingham (Forthcoming in The Journal of Moral Philosophy) UH-DD 13 +“Following Burnyeat (1980), I understand Aristotle ... resolve the conflict.” (7-14) 14 +Third, states must promote contextual virtuous decision-making. The alternative cannot guide action in all cases. SILVIA: 15 +“VIRTUE ETHICS AND COMMUNITARIANISM” by Rui Silva, University of the Azores 16 +“The second distinctive trait .... presentation of the “fundamental premise” of virtue ethics:” (3-4) 17 + 18 +Contention 19 + even if the AC specifies instances where constitutionally protected speech is good, it’s still a universal application of those instances, since there are still scenarios that fall outsides of the practice. Remember, the NC doesn’t appeal to rules, and there is no universal structure to practices. DANCY: “ 20 +Ethics Without Principles” by Jonathan Dancy 2004 21 + “But there are forms .... originally spoke in favour. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,28 @@ 1 +The border is a zone of difference which makes possible violence in the borderland. Rigid distinctions between epistemological systems of thinking cannot account for hybridity. Embracing the borderland resist colonial domination within epistemology and ethics itself. 2 +Kynclova Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism // UH-DD 3 +“The border functions ... civil war within representation” (xiv).” (2) 4 +Our approach is not purely grounded in the theoretical. The epistemology of binaries creates categories of normality within both sides of the dualism. This subjugates the lived experiences of those who can’t fit neither side of the border and universalizes a epistemically false interpretation of the world. 5 +Kynclova 2 Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism // UH-DD 6 +“The physical presence ... and methodology of Borderlands/La Frontera.” 7 + 8 +The affirmatives focus on acknowledging difference in search for ethics reifies the binaries that make invisible violence done in borderlands of dualisms. Only a theory that recognizes becoming in the borderland and the struggle of recognition in doing so can solve. 9 +Kynclova 3 Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism // UH-DD 10 +“Demarcation lines, separation lines, ... struggle for recognition.” 11 + 12 +The 1AC’s focus on social norms in the construction of identity is a counterproductive starting point. We relate meaning to our experiences from social norms but these are simply deterritorialized views of the world that do not allow us to see beyond the border. We must embrace new meaning beyond the border of what is socially institutionalized. 13 +Kynclova 4 Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism // UH-DD 14 +“Further, Slotkin’s theoretical ... everywhere (see Aldama).” 15 + 16 +The alternative is to embrace NEPANTLA as a starting point for an epistemology that recognizes the exclusion of the borderland through dualisms. This creates the possibility of bridging the object-subject duality that keeps the mestiza a prisoner by recuperating the possibility of a space in between that allows us to theorize about new forms of becoming and productive epistemologies. 17 +Zaccaria PAOLA ZACCARIA Living in El Lugar of Transformations, Translating Vision into Writing 18 +“In my opinion all these ... in process of nepantla-translation. 19 +The alternative is key— oppression manifest itself as a result of dualistic distinctions that normalize epistemologies of difference. The division between our consciousness and subconsciousness further normalizes these views. Border bridging allows us to control our subconscious and reverse norms of domination. 20 +Tamdigidi Mohammad H. Tamdgidi, Prof. @ U. Mass-Boston, “I Change Myself, I Change the World”: Gloria Anzaldua’s Sociological Imagination in Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza”, Humanity and Society, 2008, p. JSTOR 21 +“All major concepts in ...languages, our thoughts..” 22 + 23 +The role of the ballot is to adopt Nepantla pedagogy. Outweighs their role of the ballot – their unquestionable starting point of needing to construct debate through a singular axis rein trenches borders and epistemological colonialism in education. 24 +Abraham, S. (2014). A Nepantla pedagogy: Comparing Anzaldúa’s and Bakhtin’s Ideas for pedagogical and social change. Critical Education, 5(5). University of Georgia // UH-DD 25 +“Nepantla is the site of ... educational research (Gonzalez-Lopez, 2006; Keating, 2006).” 26 +The alternative is not a theorizing of a world without distinctions, rather a methodology to reverse the colonization of our forms of thinking about distinctions, which have been reduced to epistemologies that stigmatize the possibility of new forms of becoming. 27 +Kynclova 5 Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism // UH-DD 28 + “Anzaldúa’s aim is not a ... collective psychological dimension.” (11-12) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,43 @@ 1 +The sufficient negative burden is to show there exists one instance where free speech ought not be constitutionally protected. In the context of their specific plan, this means the negative can win by demonstrating one instance in which we ought to restrict constitutionally protected journalist speech. 2 +Lallas 17 (Jackson Lallas, some dude or something, “A Defense of T-Any” http://www.theladi.org/blog/2017/2/9/a-defense-of-t-any ) 3 +This article will ... were general statements that omitted universal determiners. 4 +And, Google Dictionary defines “any” as https://www.google.com/search?q=not+definitionandoq=not+definitionandaqs=chrome.0.0l6.2170j0j7andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8#q=any+definition “whichever of a specified class might be chosen.” 5 +Contention 1 is Hate Speech 6 +Colleges and Universities ought not restrict journalism except in instances of hate speech in journalism. Competes- you have to defend all journalistic speech. 7 +EXTREMISTS CONSISTENTLY WRITE OPINION ARTICLES AND LETTERS IN CAMPUS NEWSPAPERS, THEIR SPEECH IS CONSTITUTIONALLY PROTECTED BUT IT DOESN’T HAVE TO APPEAR IN DEHUMANIZING WAYS IN NEWSPAPERS ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES 8 +Lewy et al ‘08 (Anti Defamation League, Copyright 2008, Glen S. Lewy, National Chair, Abraham H. Foxman, National Director, Kenneth Jacobson, Deputy National Director, David Millstone, Chair, Education Committee, Ed S. Alster, Director, Education Division, Marvin Nathan, Chair, Civil Rights Committee, Deborah Lauter, National Civil Rights Director, Stacey Berkowitz, Director, Campus and Confronting Anti-Semitism Initiatives, Deborah Cohen, Assistant Director of Legal Affairs, “RESPONDING to BIGOTRY and INTERGROUP STRIFE on CAMPUS”, ADL, http://www.adl.org/assets/pdf/education-outreach/Responding-to-Bigotry-and-Intergroup-Strife-on-Campus.pdf-) 9 +To place an outright ban ... made¶ by newspaper staff. 10 +Banning hate speech in journalism works- they make underground movements less effective and destructive, deter people from joining and allow for coalitions of targeted groups to fight back. 11 +Parekh 12, Bhikhu (2012) ‘Is There a Case for Banning Hate Speech?’, in Herz, M. and Molnar, P. (eds.) The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37–56. 12 +This is an important ... of the respectable 13 + 14 +Hate speech normalizes physical and psychological violence and renders educational spaces null and void—it should be banned: the right to free speech is contingent, not absolute 15 +Heinze 14: Eric Heinze, professor of law and humanities at Queen Mary university of London. March 31, 2014. Nineteen arguments for hate speech bans—and against them. Free Speech Debate. Free speech scholar Eric Heinze identifies the main arguments for laws restricting hate speech and says none are valid for mature Western democracies. http://freespeechdebate.com/en/discuss/nineteen-arguments-for-hate-speech-bans-and-against-them/. 16 +On all sides of the debate,.... viewpoint of historically vilified groups.’ 17 +Contention 2 18 +Public colleges and universities in the United States should remove all restrictions on constitutionally protected speech except for journalist speech that denies the existence anthropogenic climate change. 19 +Lavik 16 - Department of Philosophy, University of Bergen (Trygve Climate change denial, freedom of speech and global justice Etikk i praksis. Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics (2016), 10 (2), 75–90 http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v10i2.1923 http://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/etikk_i_praksis/article/view/1923/1928 20 +Laws against Holocaust ... and consuming fossil fuels . 21 +Academia is suppressing climate denial now—spills over to government—plan reverses that. 22 +Williamson 16 23 +KEVIN D. WILLIAMSON, roving correspondent for National Review, April 3, 2016 4:00 AM, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/433582/free-speech-climate-science-campus-censorship-only-beginning 24 +In March of 2014, Professor Lawrence .... amounts to at most hyperbole or political spin. 25 +Climate skepticism is set to decline despite Trump but greater public skepticism means less political action—Trump cabinet means brink is now. 26 +Foran ’16 CLARE FORAN is an associate editor at The Atlantic. “Donald Trump and the Triumph of Climate-Change Denial,” The Atlantic, 12/25, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/12/donald-trump-climate-change-skeptic-denial/510359/ 27 +The more voters are skeptical of ... among American voters. 28 + 29 +Climate denialism guts public consensus necessary for effective policy discussion 30 +Lewandowsky and Cook 14 - Chair of Cognitive Psychology, University of Bristol and Climate Communication Research Fellow, The University of Queensland (Stephan and John Establishing consensus is vital for climate action The Conversation 2/7/14 https://theconversation.com/establishing-consensus-is-vital-for-climate-action-22861 31 +There is clear evidence ... research supporting it. 32 + 33 +College campuses uniquely key to combat climate change 34 +Faust and Hennessy 14 – Presidents of Harvard University and Stanford University (Drew Gilpin and John L. What Universities Can Do About Climate Change Huffington Post 9/23/14 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/drew-gilpin-faust/post_8366_b_5871214.html 35 +Educating informed, effective ... sustain our ecosystem. 36 + 37 +US key – undermines international efforts 38 +Straits Times 1/31 (US will change course on climate policy, says former EPA transition head Straits Times 1/31/17 http://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/us-will-change-course-on-climate-policy-says-former-epa-transition-head 39 +Trump, a climate sceptic, ... clinching Paris agreement. 40 + 41 +Climate change definitively causes extinction – on the brink and global agreements key 42 +Sharp and Kennedy 14 – (Associate Professor Robert (Bob) A. Sharp is the UAE National Defense College Associate Dean for Academic Programs and College Quality Assurance Advisor. He previously served as Assistant Professor of Strategic Security Studies at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) in the U.S. National Defense University (NDU), Washington D.C. and then as Associate Professor at the Near East South Asia (NESA) Center for Strategic Studies, collocated with NDU. Most recently at NESA, he focused on security sector reform in Yemen and Lebanon, and also supported regional security engagement events into Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Qatar; Edward Kennedy is a renewable energy and climate change specialist who has worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on carbon policy and markets; 8/22/14, “Climate Change and Implications for National Security,” International Policy Digest, http://intpolicydigest.org/2014/08/22/climate-change-implications-national-security/, 43 +Our planet is 4.5 billion ... will be hard to fix! - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cedar Park Grosch Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Any burden NC - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,16 @@ 1 +All metaphysical concepts only make sense in relation to a web of signifiers in constant differentiation with each other. Meaning is not a process that can be closed off because it is always contextual to context. 2 +Van Haute, Philippe, Against Adaptation: Lacan’s “Subversion” of the Subject Translated by Paul Crowe and Miranda Vankerk 2002 // UH-DD 3 +“The signifier actively ... reality is essentially structured by the symbolic.” 4 +The pre-subject as a being of needs simply seeks satisfaction. Once introduced into the symbolic order, it becomes a subject and can articulate its needs through language. But because language is structurally in a state of lack, its articulation opens the subject to a dynamic of desires beyond biology. At the same time, language is never transparent, leaving the subject continuously unfulfilled. 5 +Van Haute 3, Philippe, Against Adaptation: Lacan’s “Subversion” of the Subject Translated by Paul Crowe and Miranda Vankerk 2002 // UH-DD 6 + “The human being as ... the unconscious in Lacan.” 7 + 8 +The AFFs prioritization of free speech assumes a liberalist notion of language where people can express themselves freely. The psychoanalytic tradition holds that language is not transparent and is ultimately grounded in lack and desire. 9 +Douglas-Scott 99 PSYCHOANALYSIS, SPEECH ACTS AND THE LANGUAGE OF "FREE SPEECH" SIONAIDH DOUGLAS-SCOTT Res Publica VoI.IV no.1 1998 // UH-DD 10 +“The focus of this paper ... to attain truth or autonomy.” (29-31) 11 +The impact is jouissance—the unconscious pursuit of an unattainable desire at all cost. Language does not follow a correspondence theory where a word describes a reality. Language is all metaphorical and substitutes itself for The Real. It is not based on correspondence but in circularity through differentiation with other signifiers. This infinite metonymy hollows being into desire. 12 +Douglas-Scott 2 PSYCHOANALYSIS, SPEECH ACTS AND THE LANGUAGE OF "FREE SPEECH" SIONAIDH DOUGLAS-SCOTT Res Publica VoI.IV no.1 1998 // UH-DD 13 + “In contrast with the ... us from reality.” (36-38) 14 +Vote negative to engage in analyst discourse. There is a key distinction between the object of desire and the object that causes my desire. The object that causes my desire prevents me from ever obtaining the object of my desire to its completion, further causing hostility in my subjectivity. Only the alternative can orient our agency around the metonymical drive of unconscious desires by prioritizing the infinite obstacles to desire itself. 15 +McGowan, Todd. “Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets.” iBooks. 16 +“If psychoanalysis emerges ... through this obstacle, not by escaping it.” (169-181) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-30 19:50:40.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,24 @@ 1 +analytic 2 +Young 1 (“Asymmetrical Reciprocity: On Moral Respect, Wonder, and Enlarged Thought” Iris Marion Young, January 1997, Pg. 348, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8675.1997.tb00064.x/abstract 3 +“. To recognize the ... moral judgment involves.” 4 +Second, symmetrical recognition assumes a projection of ontological sameness in order to claim we can understand the other how they understand themselves. This suppresses difference and normalizes a singular and epistemically flawed view of the world. 5 +Young 2 (“Asymmetrical Reciprocity: On Moral Respect, Wonder, and Enlarged Thought” Iris Marion Young, January 1997, Pg. 348, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8675.1997.tb00064.x/abstract 6 + “The ideas of symmetry ... place of another.” 7 + 8 +analytic 9 +analytic 10 +analytic 11 + 12 +Part 1 13 +Analytic 14 +Analytic 15 +The impact is that the AFF is incompatible with promoting asymmetric inclusion because it universalizes privileged experiences through hypothetical theorizing that denies the asymmetrical and irreversibility of experience. This normalizes concrete oppression. 16 +Young 3 Iris Marion Young. Justice and the Politics of Difference. 1990 // UH-DD 17 +“Insistence on the ... by the decisions” (115-116). 18 +Part 2 19 +Educational institutions must restrict constitutionally protected speech through the design of curricula, standards for teachers, and decision making in order to promote asymmetric inclusion. 20 +Eisenberg 06 (Abigail Eisenberg is a professor in the department of Political Science at the University of Victoria. She was formerly an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of British Columbia. “Education and the Politics of Difference: Iris Young and the politics of education” Educational Philosophy and Theory. Vol. 38, No. 1. Published in 2006. Accessed April 29, 2017. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2006.00171.x/abstract) 21 +“A politics of difference ... social groups (Young, 2000, pp. 57–77).” 22 +Educational programming and other forms of rehabilitative consequences that can promote asymmetric inclusion qualify as restrictions on constitutionally protected speech. US appellate courts have ruled—this is the competition. 23 +Fineman 92 “Who Pays for Free Speech?” by Martha Albertson Fineman The Women's Review of Books, Vol. 9, No. 5 (Feb., 1992), p. 17 Old City Publishing, Inc. // UH-DD 24 +“The university of Wisconsin ... majorities on most campuses.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-12-17 00:52:17.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Sam Azbell - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +24 - EntryDate
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