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+====Counterplan text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected free speech performed through tagging spaces with graffiti, except that which is performed on property that is not owned by the graffiti artist.==== |
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+====The existence of extrinsic goodness requires unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.==== |
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+**Korsgaard '83** (Christine M., "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr., 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) OS |
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+The argument shows how Kant's idea of justification works. It can be read as |
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+AND |
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+-and, in general, to make the highest good our end. |
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+====The standard is consistency with the rational will.==== |
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+====Practical reason solves regress—it's impossible to deny reason's authority.==== |
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+**Velleman** (David, "Self To Self", Cambridge University Press, 2006, pg 18-19) |
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+As we have seen, requirements that depend for their force on some external source |
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+AND |
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+something self-defeating about asking for a reason to act for reasons. |
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+====Only the categorical imperative allows for an autonomous will—my framework is self-imposed by the structure of the will, so the will can be the cause of itself.==== |
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+**Korsgaard** (Christine, Morality as Freedom, http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~~korsgaar/CMK.Morality.as.Freedom.pdf) OS |
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+We are here confronted with a deep problem of a familiar kind. If you |
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+AND |
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+be an autonomous will at all. It has to choose a law. |
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+====Other frameworks collapse—they contain conditional obligations which derive their authority from the categorical imperative.==== |
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+**Korsgaard 2** ~~CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, greatest philosopher alive, 1998, "Introduction", Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals~~ AG brackets for conciseness |
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+This is the sort of thing that makes even practiced readers of Kant gnash their |
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+AND |
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+act on those principles, principles which are themselves laws. Kant continues: |
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+Analytic contention |