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+==1AC== |
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+===Part 1 is Framework=== |
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+**====Critical analysis of modern energy systems must examine social context – understanding nuclear power and its effects in the democratic setting is key to disrupting technological optimism.====** |
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+**Byrne et al 06 **(John Byrne, Noah Toly, Leigh Glover, 2006, "Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict (Energy and Environmental Policy)" Transactio Publishers, http://www.ceep.udel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2006_es_energy_as_a_social_project1.pdf) MBB |
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+From climate change to acid rain, contaminated landscapes, mercury pollution, and biodiversity |
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+AND |
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+dis- cursive continuities between the premises of conventional and sustainable energy futures. |
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+ |
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+===Part 1 is the Nuclear State=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Inevitable switch to plutonium recycling causes centralization, securitization, and civil liberty violations.==== |
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+**Winner 86 (Langdon Winner, 1986, "The Whale and the Reactor," University of Chicago Press, **https://www.ratical.org/ratville/AoS/WhaleAndReactor.pdf)** MBB** |
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+An especially vivid case in which the operational requirements of a technical system might influence |
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+AND |
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+accept the hard requirements and imperatives will be dismissed as dreamers and fools. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**====Atomic energy systems have weaved politics and science into a sociotechnical culture where democracy is exchanged for profit. Nuclear energy prioritizes securitization in an increasingly militarized society.====** |
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+**Nhanenge 11 **(Jytte Nhanenge, April 1, 2011, "Ecofeminism: Towards Integrating the Concerns of Women, Poor People, and Nature into Development," University Press of America) MBB bracketed for clarity |
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+The establishment of gigantic power plants are highly attractive for profit making. Thus companies |
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+AND |
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+Henderson 1978: 314; Mies and Shiva 1993: 95-96). |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The nuclear state empowers a minority elite and exacerbates a culture of violence with suppression and imperialism. ==== |
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+**Jungk 79 **(Robert Jungk, trans. by Christopher Trump 1979, "The New Tyranny: How Nuclear Power Enslaves Us," Grosset and Dunlap) MBB |
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+The present struggle against nuclear power cuts across class lines, uniting people of all |
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+AND |
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+as yet independent nations will be drawn into the "nuclear web." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**====A technocratic government relegates all of our decision-making to faith in a warped "expertocracy" – secrecy and classification have crowded out debate on the critical analysis of nuclear power as an embodiment of a techno-political regime at war with freethinking. The roll of the ballot is to embrace heresy in the face of a nuclear priesthood by dismantling the atomic state at its political roots. Divorcing ourselves from the technocratic elite is the only way to reassert democratic debate in nuclear policymaking.====** |
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+**Glasser 80 **(Glasser, Ira, "Nuclear Power, Rapid Technological Advancement, and Democratic Values," New York University Review of Law and Social Change 10.2 (1980): 347-356) MBB |
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+Faced with such situations, how are citizens to make judgments? What happens to |
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+AND |
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+sense of liberty. The task, as always, is fundamentally political. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Part 2 is Solvency=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**====Nuclear energy stratifies all levels of society propping up patriarchy, intellectual division of labor, and capitalism at the profit of elites and the expense of the marginalized – dismantling the atomic energy system is synonymous with unwrapping these divisive systems. ====** |
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+**Martin et al 84 **(Main authors are Jill Bowling, Brian Martin, Val Plumwood and Ian Watson, January 1984, "Strategy against nuclear power," Friends of the Earth (Canberra), http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/86sa.html) MBB |
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+Nuclear power is not an automatic or inevitable development. Technology is not neutral but |
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+AND |
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+oppose nuclear power effectively requires addressing the structures in which it is embedded. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Thus the plan. Resolved: Countries should prohibit the production of nuclear power.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Renewable growth is HUGE – shift will be to renewables not fossil fuels==== |
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+**Schneider et al 11** |
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+Mycle – consultant and project coordinator, Antony Frogatt – consultant, Steve Thomas – prof of energy policy @ Greenwich University, "Nuclear Power in a Post-Fukushima World 25 Years After the Chernobyl Accident" World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2010-11, http://www.worldnuclearreport.org/IMG/pdf/2011MSC-WorldNuclearReport-V3.pdf ~~Bob~~ |
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+China in particular has become the global leader for new capacity in both nuclear and |
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+AND |
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+coal- and oil-fired power plants. (See Figure 15.) |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**====Nuclear power requires authoritative control – renewables function more democratically.====** |
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+**Winner 86 (Langdon Winner, 1986, "The Whale and the Reactor," University of Chicago Press, **https://www.ratical.org/ratville/AoS/WhaleAndReactor.pdf)** MBB** |
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+Arguments to the effect that technologies are in some sense inherently political have been advanced |
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+AND |
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+and systems almost invariably linked to specific ways of organizing power and authority. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Underview=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Debating about government policies is a valuable heuristic — we can learn about the state without being it. Their radical framework eliminates the potential for political agency and oversimplifies complex, contingent relationships. Instead of rejecting government policies in general, we should analyze particular policies. ==== |
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+**Zanotti 13** — Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 299-300) |
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+In this article, I have argued that, notwithstanding their critical stance, scholars |
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+AND |
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+position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.''84 |