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1 +===framework===
2 +
3 +
4 +====The role of the ballot is to endorse the advocacy that best combats structural violence—debate must deal with the concrete reality of oppression.====
5 +**Curry '14 **(Dr. Tommy J. Curry, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, FT)
6 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
7 +AND
8 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.
9 +
10 +
11 +====This outweighs—learning moral philosophy ironically makes us immoral.====
12 +**Posner 98**
13 +The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory, Richard A. Posner ~~Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; University of Chicago Law School.~~, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 111, No. 7 (May, 1998), pp. 1637-1717
14 +The better read you are in philosophy or literature, and the more imaginative and
15 +AND
16 +people are naturally good and do bad things only out of ignorance.97
17 +
18 +
19 +====Debates should work backwards from a vision of the future. Incrementalism defines culture – otherwise, we continue to cede social ontology to the right. This entails visualizing a future that is a paradigm shift away from anti-black violence. ====
20 +**Connolly 08** Connolly, William E. Capitalism and christianity, American style. Duke University Press, 2008. (a political theorist known for his work on democracy and pluralism. He is the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. His 1974 work The Terms of Political Discourse won the 1999 Benjamin Lippincott Award)
21 +I concur with the John of the Book of Revelation in one respect. It
22 +AND
23 +life, or wholly determined by other forces, still don't get it.
24 +
25 +
26 +====Future narratives are a link—predictions are not value neutral— their link conflation and hyperboles obscure violence and preserves the squo – hold them responsible. ====
27 +**Jackson '12:** (Richard, **Director of the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies**, the University of Otago. Former. Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University, "The Great Con of National Security," 8/5/12 http://richardjacksonterrorismblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/the-great-con-of-national-security/)
28 +It may have once been the case that being attacked by another country was a
29 +AND
30 +terrorism. Somehow, we need to challenge the politicians on this fact.
31 +
32 +
33 +====State engagement is good.====
34 +**Coverstone 5 **~~MBA (Alan, Acting on Activism)
35 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of
36 +AND
37 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today.
38 +
39 +
40 +====Abandoning policy discussion for epistemological questioning freezes action—it's intellectual elitism. Focus on material harms.====
41 +**Jarvis 2k** ~~Darryl Jarvis (Director of the Research Institute for International Risk and Lecturer in International Relations, The University of Sydney) 2000 "International relations and the challenge of postmodernism" p. 128-9~~
42 +More is the pity that such irrational and obviously abstruse debate should so occupy us
43 +AND
44 +than those foolish enough to be scholastically excited by abstract and recondite debate?
45 +
46 +
47 +===advantage===
48 +
49 +
50 +**====The United States is a warzone—police murder thousands of black people a year—it's try or die.====**
51 +**Wong '15** (Kathleen is a branded content staff writer at Mic, "10 Police Brutality Statistics That Are Absolutely Shocking," Mic, 12/9, https://mic.com/articles/129981/10-police-brutality-statistics-that-are-absolutely-shocking~~#.HiJcAd5rQ) OS bracketed for efficiency
52 +1. In May, the Washington Post analyzed the 385 fatal police shootings in
53 +AND
54 +by police will surpass 1,000 by the end of the year.
55 +
56 +
57 +====Plan solves—====
58 +
59 +
60 +====Scenario 1 is litigation.====
61 +
62 +
63 +====Plan ensures civilian recourse for rights violations—qualified immunity now is a vicious cycle—it requires incredibly clear legal precedent while also allowing judges to not set any precedents on constitutional rights. Plan solves.====
64 +**Wright '15** (Sam Wright is a dyed-in-the-wool, bleeding-heart public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity," 11/3, Above The Law, http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/) OS
65 +As usual, I've not buried the lede: that something is qualified immunity reform
66 +AND
67 +show that that conduct's illegality has already been clearly established in the courts?
68 +
69 +
70 +====This is a positive double bind—either payouts meaningfully benefit communities or drawn-out lawsuits compel structural change—empirics prove.====
71 +**Feuer 8/16 **(Alan, NYT, "In Police Misconduct Lawsuits, Potent Incentives Point to a Payout," 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/17/nyregion/police-misconduct-lawsuit-settlements.html?_r=1andregister=google) OS
72 +In many police misconduct cases, the victims and their families are people of limited
73 +AND
74 +that has the luxury of refusing that money to make a bigger point."
75 +
76 +
77 +====Lawsuits deter brutality.====
78 +**Gilles '01** (Mirriam, Assistant Professor, Cardozo Law School, "In Defense of making Government Pay: The Deterrent Effect of Constitutional Tort Remedies," Georgia Law Review, Vol. 35, 2001.) OS bracketed for gender
79 +The question of whether constitutional tort remedies serve any deterrent effect is, I think
80 +AND
81 +the knowledge that a suspect might sue for damages has no inhibitory effect.
82 +
83 +
84 +====Specifically, QI prevents ableism discrimination lawsuits.====
85 +**Gildin 99**
86 +Gildin, Gary S. (Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University.) "Dis-Qualified Immunity for Discrimination against the Disabled." University of Illinois Law Review 1999.3 (1999): 897-948. ~~Premier~~
87 +The legislative instruction that the Acts be broadly construed to afford relief to victims of
88 +AND
89 +Acts, the defense must not be made available to those who discriminate.
90 +
91 +
92 +====Scenario 2 is legal restructuring.====
93 +
94 +
95 +====Qualified immunity sustains legalized tinkering—it locks us into the status quo and crushes rallies for broader change, obscures concrete experience, and ignores racialized impacts in favor of whitewashed intent.====
96 +**Hassel '99** (Diana, Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Newark. Assistant United States Attorney, Southern District of New York, 1988-93. "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity," Missouri Law Review Vol. 64 I. 1 Winter 1999 Article 9, http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3402andcontext=mlr) OS
97 +Current qualified immunity doctrine serves as a means to diffuse conflict. Without a clear
98 +AND
99 +, make a better system more difficult to imagine and thus to create.
100 +
101 +
102 +====This replaces genuine policy analysis with immunity-speak—judges can bend vague standards to rule however they want and literally let cops get away with murder. Legal hyper-specificity prevents categorical change.====
103 +**Hassel '99** (Diana, Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Newark. Assistant United States Attorney, Southern District of New York, 1988-93. "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity," Missouri Law Review Vol. 64 I. 1 Winter 1999 Article 9, http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3402andcontext=mlr) OS
104 +In Part 11, I analyze the internal structure of the qualified immunity defense both
105 +AND
106 +, the decisions articulate a particularized decision regarding a defendant's entitlement to immunity.
107 +
108 +
109 +====Thus the plan: Resolved: The Supreme Court of the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by removing the "clearly established" standard for qualified immunity.====
110 +
111 +
112 +====Case outweighs turns:====
113 +
114 +
115 +====I impact turn deterrence—successful police operations just put more blacks behind bars (if they don't murder them first).====
116 +**Collins-Chobanian 09**
117 +Shari, phd in philosophy, prof @ ASU, "Analysis of Paul Butler's Race-Based Jury Nullification and His Call to Black Jurors and the African American Community" Journal of Back Studies 39.4, 2009
118 +Americans ages 18 to 35 were under the jurisdiction of the criminal jus-tice
119 +AND
120 +recent drug case makes clear the depth and breadth of racism and profiling.
121 +
122 +
123 +====Police legitimacy turns crime.====
124 +**OJP 16**
125 +Office of Justice Programs (Agency of the Department of Justice). "Race, Trust and Police Legitimacy." National Institute of Justice. 14 July 2016. http://www.nij.gov/topics/law-enforcement/legitimacy/pages/welcome.aspx ~~Premier~~
126 +Research consistently shows that minorities are more likely than whites to view law enforcement with
127 +AND
128 +of trust and confidence of the people they serve while controlling crime effectively.
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1 +apple valley

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