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Details

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1 +====The role of the ballot is to endorse the advocacy that best combats structural violence—debate must deal with the concrete reality of oppression.====
2 +**Curry ’14 **(Dr. Tommy J. Curry, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, FT)
3 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
4 +AND
5 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.
6 +
7 +
8 +====This outweighs—learning philosophy makes us immoral.====
9 +**Posner 98**
10 +The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory, Richard A. Posner ~~Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; University of Chicago Law School.~~, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 111, No. 7 (May, 1998), pp. 1637-1717
11 +The better read you are in philosophy or literature, and the more imaginative and
12 +AND
13 +people are naturally good and do bad things only out of ignorance.97
14 +
15 +
16 +====Future narratives are a link—predictions are not value neutral— their link conflation and hyperboles obscure violence and preserves the squo – hold them responsible. ====
17 +**Jackson ’12:** (Richard, **Director of the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies**, the University of Otago. Former. Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University, "The Great Con of National Security," 8/5/12 http://richardjacksonterrorismblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/the-great-con-of-national-security/)
18 +It may have once been the case that being attacked by another country was a
19 +AND
20 +terrorism. Somehow, we need to challenge the politicians on this fact.
21 +
22 +
23 +===Advantage===
24 +
25 +
26 +====The Alt-right is here to stay—Trump’s election and angry whites drive the movement into spiraling radicalization and violence—it’s try or die.====
27 +**Morgan 16** ~~Jonathon Morgan, Founder/CEO New Knowledge, 9-26-2016, "These charts show exactly how racist and radical the alt-right has gotten this year," Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/09/26/these-charts-show-exactly-how-racist-and-radical-the-alt-right-has-gotten-this-year/~~ AG
28 +Regardless of who triumphs at the ballot box, the biggest winner of this presidential
29 +AND
30 +Christian extremists, because they’re fighting a holy war and so are we."
31 +
32 +
33 +====Speech codes create backlash and make it seem like college rights are based on race.====
34 +**Leonard 93** ~~JAMES LEONARD, (Director of Law Library and Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University Pettit College of Law; B.A. (1975), M.S.L.S. (1980), J.D. (1986), University of North Carolina.), 1993, "Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University", OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/onulr19andstart'page=759andcollection=journalsandid=771~~ AG
35 +In fact, the effect of the codes will probably be negative. The one
36 +AND
37 +campus that emphasizes differences over shared values is hardly promising and probably doomed.
38 +
39 +
40 +====That energizes the alt-right—white people feel marginalized in colleges, so they radicalize.====
41 +**Carle 16** ~~Robert Carle, professor of theology at The King’s College in Manhattan, 12-22-2016, "How The American Academy Helped Create The Alt-Right", The Federalist, http://thefederalist.com/2016/12/22/american-academy-helped-create-alt-right/~~ AG
42 +But American academics have been slow to acknowledge how dependent the leaders of the alt
43 +AND
44 +in getting dozens of spoof articles published in dozens of leading academic journals.
45 +
46 +
47 +====Universities are key—the alt right knows that the colleges are prime for recruitment.====
48 +**Harkinson 16** (Josh, reporter @ mother jones, "The Push to Enlist "Alt-Right" Recruits on College Campuses," December 6, 2016, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/12/richard-spencer-alt-right-college-activism//LADI)
49 +How much support is there for the loose-knit coalition of white nationalists and
50 +AND
51 +, Damigo and more than two dozen Identity Evropa members attended Spencer's conference.
52 +
53 +
54 +====Universities push speech codes in the squo, masking censorship under more covert policies.====
55 +**Downs 1/4** ~~Donald Downs, polsci prof @ UWM, 1-4-2017, "The Good, The Less-Good, And The Path Forward: Thoughts On Fire’S Annual Report," Open Inquiry Project, http://openinquiryproject.org/blog/thoughts-on-fires-annual-report/~~ AG
56 +While many readers will take heart from these encouraging trends regarding the surface meaning of
57 +AND
58 +continue to punish students and faculty members for constitutionally protected speech and expression.
59 +
60 +
61 +====Even if restrictions seem small now, it’s a slippery slope to more oppressive limitations.====
62 +**Leonard 93** ~~JAMES LEONARD, (Director of Law Library and Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University Pettit College of Law; B.A. (1975), M.S.L.S. (1980), J.D. (1986), University of North Carolina.), 1993, "Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University", OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/onulr19andstart'page=759andcollection=journalsandid=771~~ AG
63 +Proponents of speech restrictions, in contrast, tend to think that the damage done
64 +AND
65 +expression, no matter how well intentioned, opens the door to more limitation
66 +
67 +
68 +====Allowing negative speech is the best solution—brings issues to the surface and good ideas will triumph.====
69 +**Davidson ’16** Alexander(Cal Polytechnic Senior, paper in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Science in Journalism) The Freedom of Speech in Public Forums on College Campuses: A single site case study on Pushing the Boundaries of Free Speech, June 2016, Accessed 12/4/16 ~~http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1119andcontext=joursp ~~Premier~~
70 +Back in 2008, there was an incident that took place at California Polytechnic State
71 +AND
72 +decide which side of the coin they want to land facing the surface.
73 +
74 +
75 +====Speech codes turn racists into martyrs.====
76 +**Leonard 93** ~~JAMES LEONARD, (Director of Law Library and Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University Pettit College of Law; B.A. (1975), M.S.L.S. (1980), J.D. (1986), University of North Carolina.), 1993, "Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University", OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/onulr19andstart'page=759andcollection=journalsandid=771~~ AG bracketed for gender
77 +As well as the possibility of backlash, there is a great risk that speech
78 +AND
79 +speech is a risk that we endure as long as the censorship continues.
80 +
81 +
82 +====Lack of free speech re-create the majority/minority divide that means the minority loses out on having their voice heard. Try or die—only the aff has a risk of solving oppressive ideologies.====
83 +**Cartwright 3** (Will, "Mill on Freedom of Discussion," Richmond Journal of Philosophy 5 (Autumn 2003), http://www.richmond-philosophy.net/rjp/back'issues/rjp5'cartwright.pdf//LADI)
84 +Though freedom of discussion was widely accepted even in Mill’s own day, he thinks
85 +AND
86 +balance of risks here makes this argument less persuasive than the other two.
87 +
88 +
89 +====Speech codes are used against minorities, not for them—empirics prove.====
90 +**ACLU n.d.** ~~American Civil Liberties Union, (for nearly 100 years, the ACLU has been our nation’s guardian of liberty, working in courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and the laws of the United States guarantee everyone in this country), no date, "HATE SPEECH ON CAMPUS", ACLU, https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus~~ AG
91 +A: Historically, defamation laws or codes have proven ineffective at best and counter
92 +AND
93 +if we infringe on the rights of any persons, we'll be next."
94 +
95 +
96 +====No solvency to speech codes—they only account for two percent of a safe campus.====
97 +**Leonard 93** ~~JAMES LEONARD, (Director of Law Library and Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University Pettit College of Law; B.A. (1975), M.S.L.S. (1980), J.D. (1986), University of North Carolina.), 1993, "Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University", OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/onulr19andstart'page=759andcollection=journalsandid=771~~ AG
98 +A final argument against thought codes is that at best they do not work and
99 +AND
100 +to effect the changes in attitude on campuses that their sponsors desire. 78
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