| ... |
... |
@@ -1,0
+1,22 @@ |
|
1 |
+====First, empiricism is key to avoid regress==== |
|
2 |
+**Richards '86** (Robert, "A Defense of Evolutionary Ethics," Biology and Philosophy) bracketed for offensive language |
|
3 |
+This brief discussion of justification of ethical principles indicates how the concept of justification must |
|
4 |
+AND |
|
5 |
+empirical appeal. So moral principles ultimately can be justified only by facts. |
|
6 |
+ |
|
7 |
+ |
|
8 |
+====Second, phenomenal introspection reliably informs us of pain's badness and pleasure's goodness as an empirical basis for ethics==== |
|
9 |
+**Sinhababu '13** (Sinhababu, Neil, "The epistemic argument for hedonism," 2013) PO |
|
10 |
+The parallel between yellow's brightness and pleasure's goodness demonstrates the objectivity of the value detected |
|
11 |
+AND |
|
12 |
+favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism. |
|
13 |
+ |
|
14 |
+ |
|
15 |
+====Thus, the standard is maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain.==== |
|
16 |
+ |
|
17 |
+ |
|
18 |
+====Impact framing: extinction first—moral uncertainty necessitates minimizing existential risk==== |
|
19 |
+**Bostrom '05** (Nick, professor of philosophy at Oxford~~, July 2005, "On our Biggest Problems" http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/44) PO |
|
20 |
+Our present understanding of axiology might well be confused. We may not now know |
|
21 |
+AND |
|
22 |
+of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. |