Changes for page Brentwood Liu Neg
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,67 @@ 1 +Crime DA 2 +Uniqueness: 3 +Crime is at an all time low, and has been steadily falling. 4 +Brook and Roeder ’15 Lauren-Brook Eisen, Olivery Roerder; “America’s Faulty Perception of Crime Rates;” Brennan Center for Justice at New York Univeristy School of Law; March 16, 2015; http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/americas-faulty-perception-crime-rates 5 +Today, the national...decreased alcohol consumption. 6 + 7 +Crime rate at its lowest – multiple warrants solve. 8 +Feeney 14 (Nolan Feeney, 11-10-2014, "Violent Crime Drops to Lowest Level Since 1978," TIME, http://time.com/3577026/crime-rates-drop-1970s/) LO 9 + 10 +There were 1.16 million...videos capturing incidents. 11 + 12 +Crime rates dropping significantly. 13 +Chettiar ‘15 (Inimai M. Chettiar Is The Director Of The Justice Program At New York University Law School’S Brennan Center., 02-11-15, "Locking More People Up is Counterproductive," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2015/02/the-many-causes-of-americas-decline-in-crime/385364/) LO 14 + 15 +The Crime Decline...most prodigious incarcerator 16 + 17 +Crime was on a steady slope down until policing fell 18 +MacDonald 15 19 +Heather MacDonald “The Fergeson effect” (the Thomas W. Smith fellow at the Manhattan Institute). https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/07/20/the-ferguson-effect/?utm_term=.bbd2a7a5ece3 20 +Violence began increasing...through November 2015. 21 + 22 +Link 23 +Limiting qualified immunity would hamstring police 24 +Mears 14 25 +Bill Mears (CNN Supreme Court Producer). “Justices seem to side with police in deadly chase case.” CNN. 4 March 2014. http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/04/us/court-police-chase/ 26 +Under generally applied... of deadly force. 27 + 28 +Homer C. Hawkins (Associate Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University) and Catherine Montsinger (Assistant Professor, Criminology, Johnson C. Smith University). “Po- lice and Civil Liability: A Practical Guide to Avoiding Litigation.” Law Enforcement Executive Fo- rum • 2007 • 7(1). https://www.iletsbeiforumjournal.com/images/Issues/FreeIssues/ILEEF202007- 7.1.pdf 29 +Litigaphobia, also referred to as Police Liability Syndrome, creates a certain paralysis in...litigation may present. 30 + 31 +Threat of litigation is high and harms police morale 32 +Rosen 5 33 +Michael M. Rosen (Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm; JD, Harvard Law). “A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement.” 35 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. (2005). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2 34 +This effect dovetails...of dangerous suspects. 69 35 + 36 +Litigation prevents police from upholding the law 37 +Boutwell 79 38 +J. Paul Boutwell (Special Agent, Legal Counsel Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation). “Qual- ified Immunity of Law Enforcement Officiais.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. January 1979. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/53755NCJRS.pdf 39 +There is no...by nothing less 40 +. 41 +Studies show police perceive litigation as hindering job performance 42 +Ferdik 13 43 +Frank V. Ferdik (Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice; University of South Carolina). “Perception is Reality: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Police Officer Views on Civil Liability.” Working Paper No 49, August 2013. http://www.coginta.org/uploads/documents/817bd907a32ad935c3d5636 44 +Civil litigation against...perform their function 45 + 46 +Impacts 47 +Crime inherently causes poverty- multiple levels to solve for. 48 +Lippman, ‘91. (Theo, author of Spiro Agnew’s America and Editor at the Baltimore Sun. March 30, 1991.) DOA: 7/6/15. BALTIMORE SUN. “Poverty Doesn’t cause crime. Crime Causes Poverty.” Retrieved from: http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-03-30/news/1991089022_1_cost-of-crime-poverty-fight-crime // JW 49 +POVERTY DOESN'T cause ...or replacing property." 50 + 51 + MacDonald 15 52 +Heather MacDonald “The Fergeson effect” (the Thomas W. Smith fellow at the Manhattan Institute). https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/07/20/the-ferguson-effect/?utm_term=.bbd2a7a5ece3 53 +2015 closed with...handcuffs on someone.” 54 +Poverty is the deadliest form of structural violence – it is equivalent to an ongoing nuclear war. 55 +Gilligan, 96’ James, Former Director of Mental Health for the Massachusetts Prison System, Violence, p. // JW 56 +In other words...throughout the world. 57 +Turn 58 + 59 +Increases in crime in marginalized communities harm them more than solving for racism and actually increases it by disadvantaging the marginalized communities. 60 +(NCVC) The national center for victims of crime Sampson, R. “The Community” in Crime: Public Policies for Crime Control (Oakland: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press, 2002), 237-240. 2 Herman, S. and M. Waul. Repairing the Harm: A New Vision for Crime Victim Compensation in America. (Washington, DC: National Center for Victims of Crime, 2004). 3 Dugan, L. (1999). The Effect of Criminal Victimization on a Household’s Moving Decision. Criminology, 37: 903-930. 4 Gibbons, S. (2004). The Costs of Urban Property Crime. The Economic Journal, 114: 441-463. 5 Ibid. 6 Sampson, R. and S. Raudenbush. Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods—Does it Lead to Crime? (Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, 2001). 7 Trojanowicz, R., Kappeler, V. E., and Gaines, L. K. (2002). Community policing: A contemporary perspective (3rd ed.). Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Publishing. 8 Kelling, G. Measuring what matters: A new way about crime and public order. (New York: National Institute of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Series, 1999). 9 Ibid. 10 Casciani, D. (2003). Fear of crime ‘trapping elderly’. BBC News UK Edition. Online: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3044625.stm. 11 Bazargan, M. (1994). The effects of health, environmental, and socio-psychological variables on fear of crime and its consequences among urban black elderly individuals. International Journal on Aging and Human Development 38: 99–115 12 Ibid. 13 Hickman, M. and B.A. Reaves. (2003). Community Policing in Local Police Departments, 1997 and 1999 (Revised March 2003). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Online: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cplpd99.pdf. 61 +Crime undermines the... performing community policing.13 62 + 63 +And these marginalized communities fall into the cycle of poverty. 64 +Kanaga Raja 13 is Editor of the South-North Development Monitor (SUNS), from which this article is reproduced (No. 7692, 8 November 2013). SUNS is published by the Third World Network. http://www.socialwatch.org/node/16324 65 + 66 + 67 +In a report...poor rural people. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Brentwood Liu Neg - Title
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