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-Contention 1: Framework |
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-Rejecting institutional racism is a pre-requisite to all other moral and ethical theories—it depraves morality and makes violence structurally inevitable. |
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-Memmi 2k (Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163, *I don’t endorse anthropocentric language) |
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-Thus, the standard is resisting conditions of racism. |
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-In addition: |
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-Prioritize structural calculus because putting low-probability, worst-case thinking papers over systemic impacts, destroys effective decision-making, and justifies endless violence and interventionism. |
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-Schneier 10 (05/12/10, Bruce Schneier is a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School and a program fellow at the New America Foundation's Open Technology Institute, He is an an internationally renowned security technologist, called a "security guru" by The Economist. He is the author of 12 books ~-~- including Liars and Outliers: Enabling the Trust Society Needs to Thrive ~-~- as well as hundreds of articles, essays, and academic papers. His influential newsletter "Crypto-Gram" and his blog "Schneier on Security" are read by over 250,000 people. He has testified before Congress, is a frequent guest on television and radio, has served on several government committees, and is regularly quoted in the press. Schneier is a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, a program fellow at the New America Foundation's Open Technology Institute, a board member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an Advisory Board Member of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, and the Chief Technology Officer at Co3 Systems, Inc. He has a Ph. D. from the University of Westminster by the Department of Electronics and Computer Science, “Worst-case thinking makes us nuts, not safe”, http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/05/12/schneier.worst.case.thinking/ we do not endorse this author’s intent of ableist language and apologize for it, we have left it intact to preserve the article’s completeness) |
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-Contention 2: Crime |
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-Qualified immunity protects police from the burden of lawsuits |
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-Schott 12 (Richard G., J.D. “Qualified Immunity; How It Protects Law Enforcement Officers.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. 2012. https://leb.fbi.gov/2012/september/qualified-immunity-how-it-protects-law-enforcement-officers) |
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-Lack of immunity would open police up to a flood of litigation that hamgstrings law enforcement |
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-King 16 (Andrew. Assistant Prosecuting Attorney. “Keep Qualified Immunity… For Now.” Mimesis Law. 1 July 2016. http://mimesislaw.com/fault-lines/keep-qualified-immunity-for-now/11010) |
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-The aff would increase suits – forces police to spend more time in the court room instead of policing outside of it |
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-Rosen 05 (Michael M., Graduated from Harvard Law School in 2003. “A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement,” 35 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. 2005. http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2) |
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-Decline of active, engaged, and proactive policing drives crime rates up caused by police fear of backlash |
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-Hofstetter 16 (George, President of the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs. “Proactive policing and the violent crime rate.” 2016. http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?m=1119707513166andca=4a80a442-8caf-45c4-97ca-745c0f1b6f88) |
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-Damage due to crime induces fear of crime within communities and disincentives incoming residents |
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-Gibbons 04 (Steve Stephen, Lecturer London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) - Department of Geography and Environment. “The Costs of Urban Property Crime.” The Economic Journal, vol. 11, no. 499, 2004, pp. F441-F463 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3590167.pdf?seq=1) |
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-Protective measures, reactions, and community disorganization in fear of crime makes it more difficult for poorer, marginalized communities to fend against crime – perpetuates redistribution of crime between these communities |
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-Doran and Burgess 11 (Bruce J. and Melissa B. of the Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University. “Why Is Fear of Crime a Serious Social Problem.” 25 Jul 2011. http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9781441956460-c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1200548-p173946017) |
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-This perpetuation of crime affects African American and Hispanic communities disproportionally |
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-Ulmer et. al 12 (Jeffrey T., professor of sociology and criminology at Pennsylvania State University; Casey T. Harris, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville with expertise in Quantitative Social Research; Darrel J. Steffensmeier, Professor of sociology and criminology at Pennsylvania State University. “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Structural Disadvantage and Crime: White, Black, and Hispanic Comparisons.” 29 May 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097310/) |