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+==Framework== |
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+====The resolution asks what governments ought to do, which implies the value of morality. Phenomenal introspection shows that morality requires the maximization of well-being. Sinhababu:==== |
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+Neil Sinahababu (National University of Singapore). "The epistemic argument for hedonism." 2012. JY. |
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+Pleasure" here refers to the hedonic tone of experience. Having pleasure consists in |
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+AND |
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+favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====And, all governmental actions and inactions are choices that should be judged based on their outcomes, and thus overall good should be how their actions are judged. Sunstein and Vermeule:==== |
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+Cass Sunstein (professor of jurisprudence at U Chicago Law School) and Adrian Vermeule (professor of law at U Chicago Law School). "Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs." Stanford Law Review, December 2005. |
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+In our view, any effort to distinguish between acts and omissions goes wrong by |
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+AND |
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+the distinction between authorizing murder and failing to prevent it would become thin. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Furthermore, Consequences are the only morally relevant thing because they're the only form of value we can experience. Harris 10==== |
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+Harris 10 ~~Sam, 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy. The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."~~ |
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+Here is my (consequentialist) starting point: all questions of value (right |
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+AND |
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+, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Thus, the standard is maximizing expected utility, meaning that we should provide the greatest amount of pleasure and least amount of suffering possible for the most people.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Inherency== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Contention I is Inherency. ==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Jordan is currently planning on building nuclear reactors. Once financing is secured, they will begin construction. Ghazzal in 16:==== |
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+**Mohammad Ghazal, "Jordan seeking funds for first nuclear power plant — official", Jordan Times, 8/20/16. **http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-seeking-funds-first-nuclear-power-plant-—-official |
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+Jordan's first nuclear power plant could be operational by 2025, if sufficient financing is |
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+AND |
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+will be able to operate the first reactor by 2025," he noted. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Plan== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Thus the plan: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan will prohibit the production of nuclear energy. I reserve the right to clarify.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Daesh Advantage== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Currently, Jordanian militant extremists are fighting in Syria, and they will become increasingly bold. They will gain a foothold in Jordan, and they could threaten the stability of the Jordanian state. Alami:==== |
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+Mona Alami, French Lebanese Journalist specializing in the Middle East and regular contribute for the Carnegie Endowment's Mideast Analysis, "The New Generation of Jordanian Jihadi Fighters", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2/18/14. http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/54553 |
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+Jordanian fighters have come to play an important role in the protracted Syrian conflict. |
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+AND |
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+a great extent on the crackdown they face in Syria and at home. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**====A nuclear plant would be an ideal target for these militants and could cause untold damage and further embolden militants. Magid:====** |
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+Magid, Aaron. "Time to Reconsider Jordan's Nuclear Program." Middle East Institute. N.p., 20 June 2016. Web. 22 Sept. 2016. |
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+Security risks also warrant caution in regards to the country's nuclear project. Striking a |
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+AND |
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+security environment makes the building of a nuclear plant in Jordan especially risky. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Bolstering militant jihadists is an existential threat to all life because of their persistence, technical expertise, and increased recruitment. Lloyd:==== |
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+John Lloyd, "Islamic State has become an existential threat to the West", Reuters, 11/18/15. http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/11/18/islamic-state-has-become-a-existential-threat-to-the-west/ |
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+Third, ~~Daesh~~ ISIS, more than any other of the Islamist groups |
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+AND |
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+existential threat. A threat to our existence, our way of life. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Water Wars Advantage== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Jordan's water situation is dire – a nuclear plant would threaten Jordan's water supply. Daly:==== |
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+**Daly 13** – Jun 18, John C.K., Dr. Daly received his Ph.D. in 1986 from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London. While at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, where he is currently a non-resident scholar, in 199 he founded The Cyber-Caravan, which continues today under the title, The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst. He subsequently served as Director of Programs at the Middle East Institute in Washington DC before joining UPI as International Correspondent. "Water shortages may end Jordan's nuclear power hopes", http://www.mining.com/web/water-shortages-may-end-jordans-nuclear-power-hopes/ |
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+Fourteen years ago King Abdullah II commented, "Our Water situation forms a strategic |
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+AND |
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+Kingdom might make up its annual water deficit of 73 million cubic meters. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Even using wastewater is not an option. It is unreliable and is needed in other sectors. Magid:==== |
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+**Magid 16** – Jun 20, Aaron, is an Amman-based journalist. His articles have appeared in Foreign Affairs, Al-Monitor, and Lebanon's The Daily Star. "Time to Reconsider Jordan's Nuclear Program", Middle East Institute, http://www.mei.edu/content/article/time-reconsider-jordan-s-nuclear-program |
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+Jordan's water scarcity is alarming, given its importance in cooling nuclear power reactors. |
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+AND |
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+have become especially sensitive after the horrific 2011 disaster at Japan's Fukushima plant. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====And further water strain would trigger war in the Middle East. Coble:==== |
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+Christopher Coble, Major in the US Marine Corps, "Water Scarcity as a Catalyst for Instability in the Jordan River Basin", 2/23/12 |
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+Instability due to rapidly decreasing sources of freshwater cannot necessarily be simplified into a battle |
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+AND |
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+the perceived illegal tapping of a water source nearly caused armed conflict.109 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Water wars will escalate and threaten human survival. Ross and McConnel:==== |
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+Marc Ross and Stephen McConnel, "Forget Star Wars, Get Ready for Water Wars", Huffington Post, 1/20/16. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marc-ross/forget-star-wars-get-ready-for-water-wars_b_9020188.html |
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+A great war looms, one that will rise from the most desperate circumstance: |
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+AND |
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+that will be far worse than anything we have seen in human history. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Indigenous Peoples Advantage== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Currently, the indigenous peoples of the Badia region in Jordan, where the reactor is being built are seeing their traditional ways of living being eliminated because of even the possibility of a reactor coming online. Abuquadairi:==== |
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+**Abuqudairi, Areej. ~~Roehampton University Masters, Human Rights~~ "Jordan Nuclear Battle Heats Up." Al Jazeera Media Network, 14 Apr. 2014. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. CR** |
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+Beyond the economic costs, Azraq residents see plans for the twin nuclear reactors as |
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+AND |
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+even built and we are known as a 'nuclear area'", he said. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====And preserving traditional ways of living in difficult environments is critical. We'll never know what knowledge that could be key to human survival that we are giving up in terms of finding water, agriculture, and medicine that might be critical. Once they are gone, they cannot be resurrected. Preservation of traditional environmental knowledge is key. Society for Ecological Research:==== |
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+Society for Ecological Research and the Indigenous Peoples' Restoration Network, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge", 2016, http://www.ser.org/iprn/traditional-ecological-knowledge |
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+The advent of the industrial revolution, cultural imperialism, and quantum leaps in technology |
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+AND |
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+conditions: as we now know, adaptation is the key to survival. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Solvency== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Jordan's nuclear program is risky and doomed to failure. Only stopping the program now eliminates the risk.==== |
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+**Magid: ** – Jun 20, Aaron, is an Amman-based journalist. His articles have appeared in Foreign Affairs, Al-Monitor, and Lebanon's The Daily Star. "Time to Reconsider Jordan's Nuclear Program", Middle East Institute, http://www.mei.edu/content/article/time-reconsider-jordan-s-nuclear-program |
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+Jordan's persistence in following the nuclear path, despite the many risks, is harmful |
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+AND |
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+it is still not too late for Amman to reevaluate its nuclear ambitions. |