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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,53 @@ 1 +Part 1 – Framework 2 +Justice is comprised of recognition and redistribution. Moral frameworks need to encompass both in order to function. Fraser 01 3 +Nancy Fraser, 20’01, “Recognition without ethics?”, Nancy Fraser is an American critical theorist, feminist, and the Henry A. and Louise Loeb Professor of Political and Social Science and professor of philosophy at The New School in New York City, https://www.google.com/search?q=nancy+fraserandoq=nancy+fraserandaqs=chrome..69i57.2448j0j4andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 4 +For some time...recognition of difference. 5 + 6 +Participatory parity provides a method to both identify and remedy injustice. Fraser 2 7 +Nancy, 2001, “Recognition without ethics?”, Nancy Fraser is an American critical theorist, feminist, and the Henry A. and Louise Loeb Professor of Political and Social Science and professor of philosophy at The New School in New York City, https://www.google.com/search?q=nancy+fraserandoq=nancy+fraserandaqs=chrome..69i57.2448j0j4andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 8 +How, then, should...recognition of difference. 9 + 10 +Analytic 11 + 12 +The status model fosters participatory parity. Fraser 3 13 +Nancy, 2001, “Recognition without ethics?”, Nancy Fraser is an American critical theorist, feminist, and the Henry A. and Louise Loeb Professor of Political and Social Science and professor of philosophy at The New School in New York City, https://www.google.com/search?q=nancy+fraserandoq=nancy+fraserandaqs=chrome..69i57.2448j0j4andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 14 +The key to...shall argue next 15 + 16 +Analytic 17 + 18 +Squo doctrine of QI is bad Wright 15 19 +Sam Wright, Nov. 3 2015. Sam Wright is a public interest lawyer in Seattle focusing exclusively on governments and nonprofits for a decade, and has authored/coauthored over a thousand law reviews. (“Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity” http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ 20 +I think Megan...make it happen. 21 + 22 +The abuse of police power upon black bodies is legally justified- departmental policy allows gross violations of constitutional and human rights. Cardabo 16 23 +Cardabo (“Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes” https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php ID=673064096005020124027029102096025100001024071012061053073118029088121011070115096091011099101107042108110072119028077103081106031034078007004004104014023106102120059039091020116004108105001112098065100003029096075013022123071127119097078102115004067andEXT=pdf) DEVON W. CARBADO, 2016 24 +No single model...the Fourth Amendment.” 25 + 26 +Qualified immunity protects officers who have clearly broken the law because the standards for being clearly established are far too high. 27 +Philip, “An "Objectively Reasonable" Criticism of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases Brought Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983”, Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law, March 1st, Accessed November 10th, Online: http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1459andcontext=jpl – MG 28 +Apart from the...overcome qualified immunity. 29 + 30 +Thus the plan text: The United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by changing the clearly established clause to a burden of evidence on the defendant 31 +CX check all spec, theory, and T interps to prevent needless theory. Substantive debate outweighs because its applicable in the real world. 32 +Williams 12 advocates for the plan: 33 +(John C. Williams. Doctor of Jurisprudence, May 2012, Vanderbilt University Law School. “Qualifying Qualified Immunity.” Vanderbilt Law Review. Vol. 65:4:1295. 2012 — KW) 34 +“Because the fact-specific...a constitutional violation.” 35 + 36 +Civil suits in constitutional rights violations are distinctly important in recognizing the importance of individuals who have their rights violated by government officials, even when the financial liability may be addressed by the government. Armacost 89 37 +(Barbara E. Armacost 51 Vand. L. Rev. 583 (1998) “Qualified Immunity- Ignorance Excused” J.D. University of Virginia School of Law 1989 M.T.S. Regent College of the University of British Columbia 1984 B.S. University of Virginia 1976 ) 38 +Turning to section...clear constitutional impropriety. 39 + 40 +Civil recourse is key to individual recognition of status and authority of the plaintiffs, empowering them. Solomon 10 41 +Solomon ’10 (Jason M. Solomon. Associate Professor, College of William and Mary Law School. “What is Civil Justice” Loyola Of Los Angeles Law Review. Vol. 44:317. Fall 2010. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/1149 — KW) 42 +“Consistent with the...to the one wronged. 49” 43 + 44 +Analytic 45 + 46 +Civil suits against police officers for constitutional rights violations are uniquely important to address discrimination and rights abuses Nixa 16 47 +(Dan Nixa, May 6, 2016 “On the importance of civil rights lawsuits”, https://chicagocivilrightslaw.com/a-short-history-on-the-importance-of-civil-rights-lawsuits/ Dan attended Vanderbilt University Law School. At Vanderbilt, Dan won the second-year mock trial championship, participated in moot court, and was a member of a law journal. 48 +University Nebraska at Omaha, Summa Cum Laude, Economics with honors. Dan was selected for outstanding achievement in his major, and awarded the Vice Chancellor’s Leadership Award for his volunteer work in the community.) 49 +To understand this...best course of action 50 + 51 +The state is inevitable – refusal to engage in traditional politics cedes the policy sphere to authoritarian elites and abdicates social responsibility – that makes all crises inevitable Boggs ‘97 52 +(Carl, Professor of Political Science – National University, Theory and Society 26, December, p. 773-4) 53 +The decline of...from civil society. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,99 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +Framework 3 + 4 +The Role of the Ballot is to roleplay as policymakers since this is the best way to achieve real world education. 5 +Joyner 99, Professor International Law @ Georgetwon, 99 (Christopher "TEACHING INTERNATIONAL LAW: VIEWS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS POLITICAL SCIENTIST" ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, Spring, 5 ILSA J Int'l and Comp L 377) 6 + Use of the debate can be an effective pedagogical tool for education in 7 +AND 8 +real world of policy analysis,political critique, and legal defense. 9 + 10 +Util is the only ethical system available to policymakers. 11 +Goodin 95 – Professor of Philosophy at the Research School of the Social Sciences at the Australian National University (Robert E., Cambridge University Press, "Utilitarianism As a Public Philosophy" pg 63) 12 +My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation 13 +AND 14 +, aggregates and averages is just not sufficiently fine-grained for that. 15 + 16 +Thus the standard is maximizing well being. 17 +AND voluntary political participation is a fundamental ideal of democracy. 18 +Maria Eremenko, "Political participation: Model by Verba in the EU and Russia", National Research University, http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/content/pdf/participant-papers/eu/Maria-Eremenko-Political-participation-Model-by-Verba-in-the-EU-and-Russia.pdf 19 +"Political participation affords citizens in a democracy an opportunity to communicate information to government 20 +AND 21 +news, discussing politics with friends etc.), but "doing politics" 3 22 + 23 +Contention 1 Democracy participation: 24 + 25 +QI serves to shield police from accountability 26 +The WSW is published by the International Committee of the Fourth International, the leadership of the world socialist movement, the Fourth International founded by Leon Trotsky in 1938. The WSWS aims to meet the need, felt widely today, for an intelligent appraisal of the problems of contemporary society. It addresses itself to the masses of people who are dissatisfied with the present state of social life, as well as its cynical and reactionary treatment by the establishment media.;wsws.org; US Supreme Court Expands Immunity for Killer Cops; 15; https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/11/12/pers-n12.html 27 +With the death toll from police brutality continuing to mount, the US Supreme Court 28 +AND 29 +mass repression and dictatorship in response to the growth of working class opposition. 30 + 31 +Police violence leads to lack of political participation. 32 +Liz Adetiba is a Politics Intern at The Huffington Post. She is a rising senior at the University of Chicago where she studies political science and human rights. You can reach her at liz.adetiba@huffingtonpost.com.; huffingtonpost.com; Watching Videos of Police Brutality Can Traumatize You, Especially if You're Black; 16; http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/watching-police-brutality-videos_us_577ee9b3e4b0344d514eaa5d 33 +Jarrod Doyle was relaxing with friends on July 5 when the hashtag ~#AltonSterling popped 34 +AND 35 +if you don't watch, you can't participate in the society." 36 + 37 + 38 +Contention 2 Impacts: 39 +Democide 40 + 41 +Democracies check political violence 42 +Timmerman 14 (Ashley M. Timmerman, BA at University of Central Florida, Summer 2014, "WHEN LEADERS REPRESS: A STUDY OF AFRICAN STATE," http://etd.fcla.edu/CF/CFE0005428/Masters_thesis_final.pdf MV) 43 +Several alternate causal mechanisms are proposed to explain this finding. Joseph Young (2009 44 +AND 45 +with a multiparty system before a significant improvement in human rights practices is achieved 46 + 47 +Disease: 48 + 49 +Democracy is a prerequisite to effectively combatting disease 50 +Ruger 05, (Jennifer Prah, "Democracy and health". Harvard University, PhD, Health Policy. Yale University, MSL, Law. Oxford University, MSc, Comparative Social Research. Tufts University, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, MA, International Relations. (Qualified as hell) http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/qjmed/98/4/299.full.pdf 51 +Democratic institutions and practices can affect human development in multiple ways, including population health 52 +AND 53 +before it loses millions of its citizens to yet another public health tragedy. 54 + 55 +Diseases causes extinction 56 +DUJS 09, (Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate) 57 +RIP Homo sapiens A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, 58 +AND 59 +could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). 60 + 61 +War 62 + 63 +Democracy is a critical impact filter - checks escalation for all wars 64 +Hamburg 10, (David A., President Emeritus at Carnegie Corporation of New York, previously President of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences and President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, previously chair of the department of psychiatry at Stanford, M.D. from Indiana University, "Recent advances in preventing mass violence") 65 +Democracies thrive by finding ways to deal fairly with conflicts and resolve them below the 66 +AND 67 +processes of mutual accommodation, offer the best chance for nonviolent conflict resolution. 68 + 69 +Economy 70 + 71 +Democracies lead in economic growth, development, crises management, political stability, and low inequality 72 +Karakaya et. al 15 (Ugur Karakaya, the Gaziosmanpasa University Hasan Bulent Kantarci, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, department of economics, "The Relationship between Democracy, Freedom, and Economic Development", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic and Management Engineering Vol:9, No:6, 2015, http://www.waset.org/publications/10001565, al) 73 +Democracy happens to be one of the main features required for economic growth and 74 +AND 75 +our research results, democracy has a positive impact on economic development. 76 + 77 +Environment 78 + 79 +Empirical studies prove that democracies have more environmental protection than nondemocracies 80 +Bernauer et al. 13 (Thomas Bernauer, professor of political science at ETH Zurich, Tobias Böhmelt, Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in the Department of Government at the University of Essex, "National climate policies in international comparison: The Climate Change Cooperation Index", Environmental Science and Policy 25 (2013) 196 – 206, 1/13 81 +To examine possible analytical implications of such differences, we revisit a rather well- 82 +AND 83 +et al., 2003; Ba¨ttig and Bernauer, 2009). 84 + 85 +Nuclear War 86 + 87 +Democratic consolidation is key to prevent nuclear war 88 +Muravchik, 2001 (Joshua, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, "Democracy and Nuclear Peace", http://www.npec-web.org/syllabi/muravchik.htm) 89 +That Freedom House could count 120 freely elected governments by early 2001 (out of 90 +AND 91 +yet exist but where the prospects for democracy may be still more remote. 92 + 93 +Ethnic War 94 + 95 +Democracy is the only system that can reduce ethnic conflict 96 +Timothy D. Sisk, 8-1-2003, "Democracy and Conflict Management," Beyond Intractability Project, The Conflict Information Consortium, University Of Colorado, http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/democ-con-manag MV 97 +Of the range of tools available to conflict resolution practitioners to manage intractable conflicts, 98 +AND 99 +democracy may contribute to or help exacerbate intractable conflict is a critical concern. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,42 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +FWK 3 +1. Analytic 4 +2. Analytic 5 +Identity is socially constructed through structures of recognition and a constant negotiation with the other. Butler 6 +Butler (Judith Butler, Maxine Elliot Professor in the Department of Comparative Literature at UC Berkeley and the Program of Critical Theory, “Giving an Account of Oneself”, Diacritics, Vol. 31, No. 4. (Winter, 2001), pp. 22-40, Online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1566427 - MG) 7 +In a sense...of my story. 8 +In these structures, identity is precarious. It is always at risk of being denied and made unintelligible by difference. Two warrants: 9 +1. My identity is created by factors I had not control over, like history and language. Butler 2 10 +Butler 2 (Judith Butler, Maxine Elliot Professor in the Department of Comparative Literature at UC Berkeley and the Program of Critical Theory, “Giving an Account of Oneself”, Diacritics, Vol. 31, No. 4. (Winter, 2001), pp. 22-40, Online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1566427 - MG) 11 +Founder means to break down 12 +There are, then...achieve self-identity. 13 +2.Our understanding of identity and indeed all ethical judgements will always be marked by the inevitability of difference. Hagglund 14 +“THE NECESSITY OF DISCRIMINATION DISJOINING DERRIDA AND LEVINAS” MARTIN HÄGGLUND 15 +“Derrida targets precisely...perpetrating the better.” (46-48) 16 +A. Analytic 17 +B. Analytic 18 +Thus, the standard and role of the ballot is respecting the precarity of identity. 19 + 20 +Offense 21 +1. Indigenous identity and heritage is tied to the land. To deny land is to deny the ability for Native Americans to perform their desired identity in a way that puts non-Indians in positions of less vulnerability. Grande 04 22 +Sandy Grande, 2004, Red Pedagogy Native American Social and Political Thought, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers 23 +Finally, it needs...devouring the land. 24 +The denial of a right to land has denied Native American’s autonomy and placed them in exposure to a number of harms. Brown and Lambert 10 25 +Jovana J. Brown, PhD, Her research centers on the participation of American Indian tribes in off-reservation environmental decision-making, and Lori Lambert, PhD, 2010, Blowing in the Wind: The Navajo Nation and Uranium, https://www.evergreen.edu/tribal/docs/blowinginthewindcasestudy.doc 26 +After the uranium...answered the call. (Shirley, 2006) 27 +And, not recognizing Native Americans as people whose injuries against them are ethically wrong outweigh under our framework. Grievability is necessary to apprehended the vulnerability in our ontology. Butler 3 28 +Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso, 2009. Print. End of intro pages 24-32. 29 +We read about...non-life from the start.” 30 +2.Displacing Native Americans has historical roots in trying to rid them of their identity and forcing them to assimilate rather than recognize their alterity and precarity. Grande 2 31 +Sandy Grande, 2004, Red Pedagogy Native American Social and Political Thought, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers 32 +At stake for...the American "otherness." 33 +Outweighs – fighting injustice must commit us to starting with historical injustice. Mills 14 34 +Mills 3 (Charles Mills “White Time, The Chronic Injustice of Ideal Theory,” Department of Philosophy Northwestern University, Hutchins Center for African American Research. 2014 — IS 35 +Goody goes on...scheduled for extinction (Brantlinger 2003 , pp. 2-3). 36 +Thus, I advocate that the United States guarantee a right to housing for Native Americans by giving them back sacred sites. Anaya 12 is my advocate 37 +James Anaya, 2012, NBCNews.com, UN Official: US Must Return Control of Sacred Lands to Native Americans. 38 +The United States...consider to be sacred 39 +Giving back the land is a form of housing. UN Housing Rights Programme 05 40 +United Nations Housing Rights Programme, 2005, Indigenous peoples’ Right to Adequete Housing, 41 +For Indigenous peoples...in that country. 42 +Analytic - EntryDate
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