Last modified by Administrator on 2017/08/29 03:33

From version < 145.1 >
edited by David Min
on 2017/03/09 18:59
To version < 101.1 >
edited by David Min
on 2016/11/22 15:07
< >
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Caselist.CitesClass[23]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,4 +1,0 @@
1 -**Prioritization of future generations leads to a paradox of the identity of future and further future people**
2 -
3 -Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons, 351-379 http://www.chadpearce.com/Home/BOOKS/161777473-Derek-Parfit-Reasons-and-Persons.pdf
4 -Consider the 14-Year-Old ... to her child.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:08:48.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Nina Potischman
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -25
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Semis
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -SEPOCT - Nailbomb AC Non-Identity Problem
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Valley
Caselist.CitesClass[24]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,55 +1,0 @@
1 -**Plan Text – Resolved: The Commonwealth of Australia ought to prohibit uranium mining for nuclear power production.**
2 -Australian Conservation Foundation ‘16 (Foundation created for ecological sustainability. ACF has helped in conservation successes for almost 50 years), "A nuclear free Australia," https://www.acfonline.org.au/be-informed/northern-australia-nuclear/nuclear-free-australia
3 -We support a … trade is needed
4 -
5 -**The plan is inherent – the federal government just overturned the moratorium and economic incentives are pushing Australia into more nuclear development**
6 -Greg Sheridan '16 (Greg Sheridan is a foreign affairs journalist and commentator. He joined The Australian in 1984 and worked in Beijing, Washington, and Canberra before starting his tenure as the paper's foreign editor in 1992. He specializes in Asian politics and has written four books on the topic.), 1-30-2016, "We can’t miss nuclear opportunity," The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/greg-sheridan/nuclear-energy-a-great-economic-opportunity-for-australia/news-story/e36d9cf0a1e7eaa64fb6a5198093e40c
7 -Malcom Turnbull and … should not panic
8 -
9 -**The federal government treats Aboriginals as means to an end by manipulating their legal protections in order develop uranium sites on Native land in the face of economic incentives.**
10 -Jim Green '16 (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published.), 6-27-2016, "Radioactive waste and the nuclear war on Australia's Aboriginal people," Ecologist, http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2987853/radioactive_waste_and_the_nuclear_war_on_australias_aboriginal_people.html
11 -Dumping on South … with Aboriginal people
12 -
13 -**Hindering a hindrance is justified - enforcing a prohibition of uranium mining is not a violation of the nuclear industry’s freedom.**
14 -Ripstein 2, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
15 -That is unlike … of equal freedom
16 -
17 -**Free riding is fundamentally prohibited under a system of equal and outer freedom.**
18 -Ripstein 3, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
19 -So mandatory cooperation … costs them nothing
20 -
21 -**Uranium mining is a violation of reciprocal constraints**
22 -Green ‘10, Jim (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published), Uranium Miners Turning Water Into Liquid Waste online. Chain Reaction, No. 108, Mar 2010: 38-39. Availability: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=964691488289282;res=IELHSS ISSN: 0312-1372.
23 -World Water Day … in the aquifer
24 -
25 -**All claims are merely provisional until they are brought under universal law.**
26 -Immanuel Kant founder of analytic philosophy “Critique of Pure Reason” 1781
27 -When I declare ... a civil society
28 -
29 -**The universality of reason demands an ethical community which consists of all reasoners.**
30 -Wolfram Gobsch, The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love in which to Overcome It.
31 -The idea of ... on its content
32 -
33 -**Ethics must acknowledge the empirical conditions we live in otherwise it becomes too ideal.**
34 -Wolfram Gobsch, The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love in which to Overcome It.
35 -We know holiness ... what love is
36 -
37 -**The AC framework bridges the gap between abstraction of ethical theories and the material conditions of real people.**
38 -Wolfram Gobsch, The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love in which to Overcome It.
39 -In human activity ... himself as evil
40 -
41 -**Debate must inform students about maintaining an ethical community for mutual recognition in education.**
42 -Shapiro ‘14 -‘To Give an Example is a Complex Act’: Agamben’s pedagogy of the paradigm JACOB MESKIN a and HARVEY SHAPIRO b aEducation and Jewish Thought, Hebrew College; bEducation, Northeastern University Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2014 Vol. 46, No. 4, 421–440,
43 -In addition to ... of its paradigmaticity
44 -
45 -**If the universal subject is abstract, then an abstraction is necessary.**
46 -Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism,philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.
47 -Whereas most criticisms ... its emancipatory potential
48 -
49 -**We need a Kantian discussion about originals specifically**
50 -Deer, Frank ’13, (an Associate professor in the University of Manitoba's Faculty of Education. Also, Director of Indigenous Initiatives in the University of Manitoba's Faculty of Education), "Integrating Aboriginal Perspectives in Education: Perceptions of Pre-Service Teachers." Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne De L'éducation 36.2 (2013): 175-211. Web.
51 -Althrough Aboriginal education ... some Aboriginal cultural-values
52 -
53 -**Freedom is an inviolable side constraint.**
54 -F. M. Kamm, Harming Some to Save Others, Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosphy in the Analytic Tradition, Vol. 57, No. 3, Nov. 1989, pp. 227-260,
55 -One strategy for ... "futilitarianism" of rights.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:10:08.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Max Pilcher, Jason Smith
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Raffi Piliero
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -26
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -SEPOCT - Australia Ripstein AC v3
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Valley RR
Caselist.CitesClass[25]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,24 +1,0 @@
1 -**All analytic version of the Ripstein framework**
2 -
3 -**Plan Text – Resolved: The Commonwealth of Australia ought to prohibit uranium mining for nuclear power production.**
4 -Australian Conservation Foundation ‘16 (Foundation created for ecological sustainability. ACF has helped in conservation successes for almost 50 years), "A nuclear free Australia," https://www.acfonline.org.au/be-informed/northern-australia-nuclear/nuclear-free-australia
5 -We support a … trade is needed
6 -
7 -**The plan is inherent – the federal government just overturned the moratorium and economic incentives are pushing Australia into more nuclear development.**
8 -Greg Sheridan '16 (Greg Sheridan is a foreign affairs journalist and commentator. He joined The Australian in 1984 and worked in Beijing, Washington, and Canberra before starting his tenure as the paper's foreign editor in 1992. He specializes in Asian politics and has written four books on the topic.), 1-30-2016, "We can’t miss nuclear opportunity," The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/greg-sheridan/nuclear-energy-a-great-economic-opportunity-for-australia/news-story/e36d9cf0a1e7eaa64fb6a5198093e40c
9 -Malcom Turnbull and … should not panic
10 -
11 -**Plan’s popularity is also empirically verified**
12 -Ann S. Bisconti ’16 (Polls bad shells are dumb. Telephone interviews conducted March 2-6, 2016; random sample of 1,019 adults 18 and older, all 50 U.S. States and DC; sampling error of +/- 4 at a 95 confidence level; and quotas include 60 cellphone respondents and 40 landline respondents randomly selected using random-digit-dial method ), 4-27-2016, "Public opinion on nuclear energy: what influences it," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/public-opinion-nuclear-energy-what-influences-it9379
13 -
14 -**Hindering a hindrance is justified - enforcing a prohibition of uranium mining is not a violation of the nuclear industry’s freedom.**
15 -Ripstein 2, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
16 -
17 -**The universal subject is key to challenging all forms of oppression.**
18 -Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.
19 -
20 -**Trying to change the rules within the game doesn’t make sense since that wouldn’t be playing the game anymore, which means that the authority of rules is absolute.**
21 -Terry Nardin , “International Ethics and International Law”. Review of International Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan., 1992), pp. 19-30, published by Cambridge University Press . JStor, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20097279.
22 -
23 -**Conditional logic proves that if the condition of a statement is false, then the statement as a whole is true.**
24 -STANFORD PHILOSOPHY http://www.stanford.edu/~bobonicha/dictionary/dictionary.html Abbreviated Dictionary of Philosophical Terminology An introduction to philosophy Stanford University
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:11:49.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Samuel Azbel
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Natalie Isak
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -27
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -4
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -SEPOCT - Australia Ripstein AC v2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Yale
Caselist.CitesClass[26]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,51 +1,0 @@
1 -**Agency is constitutive and inescapable.**
2 -Luca Ferrero ‘9, “Constitutivism and the Inescapability of Agency”. Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol. IV, Jan 12, 2009.(https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/ferrero/www/pubs/ferrero-constitutivism.pdf‎) Professor of Philosophy, University of Wesconsin at Milwaukee.
3 -The initial appeal … viability of constitutivism
4 -
5 -**Identifying yourself as the cause of your actions is essential to the idea of rational agency.**
6 -CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard ‘99, “SELF-CONSTITUTION IN THE ETHICS OF PLATO AND KANT”. The Journal of Ethics 1999, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp 1-29. Specifically, “VII. GOOD ACTION AND THE UNITY OF THE KANTIAN WILL”. Professor of Philosphy, Harvard University
7 -The first step … which you act.
8 -
9 -**Constraints are necessary to retain the value of freedom which implies that one cannot hinder the freedom of others.**
10 -Engstrom, Stephen. “Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge.” N.d. Available from http://www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsem/engstrom_vortrag.pdf.
11 -Given the preceding … that same freedom
12 -
13 -**The role of the state is to preserve conditions of freedom, not protect freedom itself by maximizing.**
14 -Ripstein ‘9, Arthur. Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2009. Pg 196.
15 -Powers excercised within … its own law
16 -
17 -**Denying self-ownership in the round automatically implies the truth of the aff framework**
18 -James, Ostrowski, A SYMPOSIUM ON DRUG DECRIMINALIZATION: THE MORAL AND PRACTICAL CASE FOR DRUG LEGALIZATION. SPRING
19 -Argumentation is a … principle of non-aggression
20 -
21 -**Maximizing the good for the majority of people while violating others is antithetical to what people believe**
22 -Maria Konnikova ’16 (Contributing writer for the New Yorker where she often writes about psychology and science), 1-7-2016, "How We Learn Fairness," New Yorker, http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/how-we-learn-fairness
23 -When Sarah Brosnan … than someone else.
24 -
25 -**Plan Text – Resolved: The Commonwealth of Australia ought to prohibit uranium mining for nuclear power production.**
26 -Australian Conservation Foundation ‘16 (Foundation created for ecological sustainability. ACF has helped in conservation successes for almost 50 years), "A nuclear free Australia," https://www.acfonline.org.au/be-informed/northern-australia-nuclear/nuclear-free-australia
27 -We support a … trade is needed
28 -
29 -**The plan is inherent – the federal government just overturned the moratorium and economic incentives are pushing Australia into more nuclear development**
30 -Greg Sheridan '16 (Greg Sheridan is a foreign affairs journalist and commentator. He joined The Australian in 1984 and worked in Beijing, Washington, and Canberra before starting his tenure as the paper's foreign editor in 1992. He specializes in Asian politics and has written four books on the topic.), 1-30-2016, "We can’t miss nuclear opportunity," The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/greg-sheridan/nuclear-energy-a-great-economic-opportunity-for-australia/news-story/e36d9cf0a1e7eaa64fb6a5198093e40c
31 -Malcom Turnbull and … should not panic
32 -
33 -**The federal government treats Aboriginals as means to an end by manipulating their legal protections in order develop uranium sites on Native land in the face of economic incentives.**
34 -Jim Green '16 (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published.), 6-27-2016, "Radioactive waste and the nuclear war on Australia's Aboriginal people," Ecologist, http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2987853/radioactive_waste_and_the_nuclear_war_on_australias_aboriginal_people.html
35 -Dumping on South … with Aboriginal people
36 -
37 -**Hindering a hindrance is justified - enforcing a prohibition of uranium mining is not a violation of the nuclear industry’s freedom.**
38 -Ripstein 2, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
39 -That is unlike … of equal freedom
40 -
41 -**Free riding is fundamentally prohibited under a system of equal and outer freedom.**
42 -Ripstein 3, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
43 -So mandatory cooperation … costs them nothing
44 -
45 -**Uranium mining is a violation of reciprocal constraints**
46 -Green ‘10, Jim (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published), Uranium Miners Turning Water Into Liquid Waste online. Chain Reaction, No. 108, Mar 2010: 38-39. Availability: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=964691488289282;res=IELHSS ISSN: 0312-1372.
47 -World Water Day … in the aquifer
48 -
49 -**Uranium mining violates the deontic status of future generations by using them as a means to an end.**
50 -Dr. Matthew Rendall ‘7, Nuclear Weapons and Intergenerational Exploitation, School of Politics and International Relations, 2007
51 -Nuclear deterrence thus … without catastrophic “accidents”?
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:13:21.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Daniel Lu
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Andrea Marin
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -28
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -SEPOCT - Australia Ripstein AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Yale
Caselist.CitesClass[27]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@
1 -Interp: Neg must have an explicit advocacy text if they defend a standard of preventing the totalization of the other
2 -
3 -Interp: Neg must defend the norms creation model of theory
4 -
5 -Interp: Neg must spec which model of competing interps they defend
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:14:00.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -All
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -All
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -29
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Quads
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1 - Theory Interps
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -All
Caselist.CitesClass[28]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,54 +1,0 @@
1 -The standard is rectifying conditions that instigate alienation.
2 -
3 -1 Without appropriation, there can be no hope for social change or non-alienation since when one lacks appropriation
4 -Rahel Jaeggi ‘14 (August 2014). “Alienation.” Columbia University Press. Translated by Frederick Neuhouser and Alan E. Smith. Edited by Frederick Neuhouser. Rahel Jaeggi is professor of social and political philosophy at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on ethics, social philosophy, political philosophy, philosophical anthropology, social ontology, and critical theory.
5 -The underlying idea ... alienation diagnosed here
6 -
7 -2 Action theory – all accounts of moral agency require an understanding of practical engagement with the world. (Analytic)
8 -
9 -3 The rational assessment of ethical theories is incoherent because there is no plausible interpretation that can evaluate morality
10 -Rahel Jaeggi 2 (August 2014). “Alienation.” Columbia University Press. Translated by Frederick Neuhouser and Alan E. Smith. Edited by Frederick Neuhouser. Rahel Jaeggi is professor of social and political philosophy at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on ethics, social philosophy, political philosophy, philosophical anthropology, social ontology, and critical theory.
11 -Now the standardization
12 -preexisting role scripts.
13 -
14 -ROB - Vote for the debater who best stops alienation
15 -
16 -Cognition itself is impossible without active engagement – without active engagement we’d have no reason to follow any obligation
17 -Frymer ‘5, Benjamin. 2005 “Friere, Aleination and Contemporary Youth: Toward a Pedagogy of Everyday Life
18 -The alienated condition
19 -of the soul.
20 -
21 -Without this subjectivity, there is nothing that can be done to combat oppression.
22 -Frymer 2, Benjamin. 2005 “Friere, Aleination and Contemporary Youth: Toward a Pedagogy of Everyday Life
23 -The potential for
24 -elite authoritarian control.
25 -
26 -More colleges and universities are choosing to emphasize non-offensiveness at the expense of truth seeking and free speech.
27 -Cliff Maloney ‘16 (), 10-13-2016, "Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students' Free Speech," TIME, http://time.com/4530197/college-free-speech-zone/ // AHS-DM, 1-9-2017
28 -Unfortunately, things have
29 -in fact, regressive.
30 -
31 -Restricting the ability for bigots to voice their opinions only internalizes their mentalities and drives them underground.
32 -Vince Herron ‘93, JD, University of Southern California, “Increasing the Speech: Diversity, Campus Speech Codes, and the Pursuit of Truth,” Southern California Law Review, 1993-1994.
33 -Suppression of the
34 -against those ideologies.
35 -
36 -cutting off controversial opinions only alienates extremists because it severs their relation between the self and the world
37 -Rahel Jaeggi 4 (August 2014). “Alienation.” Columbia University Press. Translated by Frederick Neuhouser and Alan E. Smith. Edited by Frederick Neuhouser. Rahel Jaeggi is professor of social and political philosophy at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on ethics, social philosophy, political philosophy, philosophical anthropology, social ontology, and critical theory.
38 -Being accessible rather
39 -of immanent critique.
40 -
41 -Therefore, restricting free speech stops any potential for bigots themselves to realize that they are wrong.
42 -Rahel Jaeggi 5 (August 2014). “Alienation.” Columbia University Press. Translated by Frederick Neuhouser and Alan E. Smith. Edited by Frederick Neuhouser. Rahel Jaeggi is professor of social and political philosophy at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on ethics, social philosophy, political philosophy, philosophical anthropology, social ontology, and critical theory.
43 -My analysis thus
44 -example, an idea.
45 -
46 -Restricting free speech is coercive because it denies college students of their ability to speaks as they please.
47 -Rahel Jaeggi 6 (August 2014). “Alienation.” Columbia University Press. Translated by Frederick Neuhouser and Alan E. Smith. Edited by Frederick Neuhouser. Rahel Jaeggi is professor of social and political philosophy at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on ethics, social philosophy, political philosophy, philosophical anthropology, social ontology, and critical theory.
48 -One can understand
49 -realization presented here.
50 -
51 -The principle of fighting violent ideologies through speech limitations creates an alienating discontinuity between the material world and our perception of it
52 -Shibley ‘15, Robert Shibley (Executive Director of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education). “Censorship can’t cure racism of Oklahoma frat: Column.” USA To- day. 11 March 2015. http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/03/10/racism- fraternity-oklahoma-free-speech-free-marketplace-column/24697041/
53 -Many people may
54 -of the state.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-01-14 16:34:54.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Amos Jeng
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Oliver Sussman
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -30
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -JANFEB - Jaeggi AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Lex
Caselist.CitesClass[29]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,37 +1,0 @@
1 -FW Rhonheimer
2 -I affirm the resolution, “Resolved: public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.”
3 -My only observation is that the resolution defines the scope of debate as limited to “constitutionally protected speech.” The First Amendment doesn’t permit meaningless obscenities and hate speech.
4 -Ruane ‘14 (Kathleen Anne Ruane – Legislative Attorney. Her report was published by the Congressional Research Service, which is a branch of government, “Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment”, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/95-815.pdf,pgs. 1-5,
5 -Fighting Words and True Threats So-called “fighting words” also lay beyond the pale of First Amendment protection.19 The “fighting words” doctrine began in Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, where the Court held that fighting words, by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of thepeace and may be punished consistent with the First Amendment.20 In Chaplinsky, the Court upheld a statute which prohibited a person from addressing “any offensive, derisive or annoying word to any other person who is lawfully in any street or other public place,” calling “him by any offensive or derisive name,” or making “any noise or exclamation in his presence and hearing with the intent to deride, offend or annoy him, or to prevent him from pursuing his lawful business or occupation.”21 The state court construed the statute as forbidding only those expressions that “have a direct tendency to cause acts of violence by the person to whom, individually, the remark was addressed.”22 Given the limited scope of application, the Supreme Court held that the statute at issue did not proscribe protected expression.23
6 -If opponent argues that certain forms of speech should be prohibited, then they must show that those forms of speech are constitutionally protected.
7 -My value is political justice because the resolution questions what state institutions such as centers of higher education should do when faced with dilemmas – abstract theories about morality fail to guide action because political actors like college administrations have different obligations than individuals.
8 -Political philosophy requires more concrete and pragmatic reasoning. Philosopher Martin Rhonheimer explains:
9 -It is a fundamental feature of political philosophy to be part of practical philosophy. Political philosophy belongs to ethics, which is practical, for it both reflects on practical knowledge and aims at action. Therefore, it is not only normative, but must consider the concrete conditions of realization. The rationale of political institutions and action must be understood as embedded in concrete cultural and, therefore, historical contexts and as meeting with problems that only in these contexts are understandable. A normative political philosophy which would abstract from the conditions of realizability would be trying to establish norms for realizing the "idea of the good" or of "the just" (as Plato, in fact, tried to do in his Republic). Such a purely metaphysical view, however, is doomed to failure. As a theory of political praxis, political philosophy must include in its reflection the concrete historical context historical experiences and the corresponding knowledge of the proper logic of the political. Briefly: political philosophy is not metaphysics, which contemplates the necessary order of being, but practical philosophy, which deals with partly contingent matters and aims at action. Moreover, unlike moral norms in general—natural law included—which rule the actions of a person—"my acting" and pursuing the good—the logic of the political is characterized by acts like framing institutions and establishing legal rules and by which not only personal actions but the actions of a multitude of persons are regulated by the coercive force of state power, and by which a part of citizens exercises power over others. Political actions are, thus, both actions of the whole of the body politic and referring to the whole of the community of citizens.15
10 -Thus, governments and state institutions like public colleges have a multitude of obligations. Colleges and universities must care about the economic prosperity of their students, the promotion of democratic ideals, and ensure positive consequences for all citizens. Thus, my value criterion is consistency with the obligations of political actors.
11 -C1 Economic Prosperity
12 -Centers of higher learning and education such as public colleges and universities were designed to ensure the highest degrees of intellectual freedom—full free speech promotes robust and nuanced discussions about innovations and new ideas and is essential to macro-level economic growth for the entire nation. Restrictions on free speech damage the United States’ competitiveness in an ever-changing and dynamic economy.
13 -Adam Millsap of US News notes (), 5-23-2016, "Free Speech Is Good for the Economy," US News andamp; World Report, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-05-23/free-speech-is-good-for-the-economy // AHS-DM, 12-25-2016
14 -Commencement season is now underway, and President Barack Obama recently had the honor of speaking at Howard University. His speech touched on a variety of topics, including the troubling trend of colleges canceling speakers that some students and faculty find offensive. The president is right that people should engage with one another on the battlefield of ideas rather than try to silence those with whom they disagree. As many people have pointed out, this engagement is important for a well-functioning democracy. But what people may not realize is that it's critical for a well-functioning economy as well. New ideas and innovation are necessary for sustaining economic growth, and there's a large body of evidence that emphasizes the exchange of ideas as an important component of an innovative economy. The United States has been especially successful at fostering innovation and growth in the technology sector. Facebook's market capitalization alone is twice the size of all the large European tech giants combined. There's good reason to believe that America's economic prosperity in this rapidly changing sector is due to its commitment to the free exchange of ideas. The theory that ideas and innovation are crucial to economic growth is an old one. Joseph Schumpeter's "creative destruction" is perhaps the best known explanation of the role that innovation plays in the economy. Schumpeter explained that competition requires firms to constantly innovate, since those that don't will quickly be replaced by those that do. Ultimately micro-level creative destruction helps drive macro-level economic growth. But not all countries have to be innovators in order to grow. From the 1950s until the mid-'80s the Solow growth model was the primary tool of economists who studied economic growth. One of its main predictions was that poorer countries would eventually catch up to, or converge with, rich countries. The intuitive reasoning behind the theory of convergence is that poor countries could simply imitate the technological innovation of rich countries and grow accordingly. Instead of spending time and resources reinventing the internal combustion engine, the airplane, antibiotics or the assembly line, all countries like China and India had to do was start using them. But while imitation is a viable method of generating economic growth when a country is lagging behind, it can't go on forever. Once a country reaches the economic frontier – where there are no longer any countries to imitate – only innovation and technological progress can generate additional growth. The United States has been on the frontier for at least a century and our economic growth is primarily powered by our ability to innovate. Innovation itself is often described as an output of a country – e.g. the United States "leads the world in innovation" – but this language obscures where innovation actually takes place. It happens locally; individuals, not countries, innovate. Engineers and scientists working for companies, laboratories and universities and people tinkering in their garage, shed or basement are the real drivers of innovation, and most of this innovation occurs in cities. The large amount of specialized knowledge in cities, along with the rapid dissemination of information, is what fosters innovation. In fact, it is not an exaggeration to say that a city's success is proportional to the ability of its residents to innovate and generate new ideas. Cities devoid of entrepreneurs who routinely generate new ideas will stagnate and decay. And stagnation at the local level inevitably leads to stagnation at the national level. Researchers routinely point out that the proximity of people in cities is one of the primary reasons most innovation occurs there, but the exact mechanism through which the transfer of knowledge and ideas takes place is often omitted. The assumption seems to be that simply putting a bunch of people together on the same city block will create innovation. But the actual communication part is a crucial input into the production of innovation. As economists Curtis Simon and Clark Nardinelli note in their study of the growth of English cities in the 19th and 20th centuries: "The creativity of the market economy – the increasing returns so important in modern growth theory – in large part arises from what happens when people with information get together and talk. The talk is necessary to turn information into productive knowledge." Since spreading ideas and information requires communication – people talking to one another, attending lectures and presentations, watching videos, etc. – it's likely that limiting speech, either formally or informally, would have pernicious effects on innovation and harm economic growth in the United States. Despite the robust protections of the First Amendment and Americans' long history of exercising their right to free speech, there are signs that a significant portion of society is questioning how far this right should extend. College students around the country are increasingly calling for limits on speech. Several colleges have cancelled speakers due to the vocal opposition of students and faculty, and some college administrations are beginning to favor safety and inclusivity over the free exchange of ideas. Even high schools are getting on board; after students at a Bronx high school recently threatened to walk out on former presidential candidate Ted Cruz, his appearance was cancelled. The combination of these incidents reveals that many of the next generation of teachers, politicians, government administrators and business people are comfortable with suppressing speech they personally don't like. While it's true that speech that offends a large portion of the population, or that criticizes a specific group, is unlikely to be the type of speech that leads to innovation, this criticism in large part misses the point. What matters is not whether restrictions on offensive, hurtful or "hate" speech harm innovation directly, but whether such restrictions significantly reduce the likelihood of engaging in conversation in general. It's hard to predict where a conversation will end up. While civilized people should try to be sensitive to others, the subjectivity of offensive speech makes it difficult to always say the "right" thing. If the penalty for saying the "wrong" thing is large enough, even a small probability of digressing to a sensitive topic can be enough to discourage conversation. Currently the United States is one of the most economically competitive countries in the world as well as the most supportive of free expression. I don't think this is a coincidence: America's unique commitment to free speech and the open exchange of ideas has given entrepreneurs in the United States a competitive advantage. Efforts to clamp down on speech at the local level for the sake of safety and inclusivity may seem largely benign at first. But over time a climate that is hostile to certain forms of speech can have a chilling effect on all speech. As an economic leader, we rely on the free exchange of ideas and information for the serendipitous discoveries that increase our standard of living, and because of this, the long-term costs of stifling speech are larger than commonly recognized.
15 -In order to continue to sustain our economy and promote growth, we must ensure that there are no restrictions on what we are allowed to discuss. This outweighs potential objections to unrestricted speech for several reasons:
16 -1 Even if some restrictions seem fine right now, over time a climate that is hostile to speech can have a chilling effect on all speech
17 -2 Resolving economic conditions creates a better standard of living that impacts people on a material level far more than words and phrases.
18 -3 Probability—America’s unique commitment to free speech has given entrepreneurs a competitive advantage—restricting free speech is only a palliative for bigger problems, so we should focus on economic issues first.
19 -C2 Authoritarianism Overseas
20 -Restrictions on free speech allow authoritarian regimes to justify their own encroachments on civil liberties—dictators and oppressive governments will use America as an example to justify hurting their citizens. If the United States allows colleges to openly prohibit forms of free speech, these violations will be found overseas in far more egregious forms.
21 -Economist '16 (), 6-4-2016, "Under attack," http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21699909-curbs-free-speech-are-growing-tighter-it-time-speak-out-under-attack // AHS-DM, 12-25-2016
22 -The inconvenient truth Intolerance among Western liberals also has wholly unintended consequences. Even despots know that locking up mouthy but non-violent dissidents is disreputable. Nearly all countries have laws that protect freedom of speech. So authoritarians are always looking out for respectable-sounding excuses to trample on it. National security is one. Russia recently sentenced Vadim Tyumentsev, a blogger, to five years in prison for promoting “extremism”, after he criticised Russian policy in Ukraine. “Hate speech” is another. China locks up campaigners for Tibetan independence for “inciting ethnic hatred”; Saudi Arabia flogs blasphemers; Indians can be jailed for up to three years for promoting disharmony “on grounds of religion, race...caste...or any other ground whatsoever”. The threat to free speech on Western campuses is very different from that faced by atheists in Afghanistan or democrats in China. But when progressive thinkers agree that offensive words should be censored, it helps authoritarian regimes to justify their own much harsher restrictions and intolerant religious groups their violence. When human-rights campaigners object to what is happening under oppressive regimes, despots can point out that liberal democracies such as France and Spain also criminalise those who “glorify” or “defend” terrorism, and that many Western countries make it a crime to insult a religion or to incite racial hatred. One strongman who has enjoyed tweaking the West for hypocrisy is Recep Tayyip Erdogan, president of Turkey. At home, he will tolerate no insults to his person, faith or policies. Abroad, he demands the same courtesy—and in Germany he has found it. In March a German comedian recited a satirical poem about him “shagging goats and oppressing minorities” (only the more serious charge is true). Mr Erdogan invoked an old, neglected German law against insulting foreign heads of state. Amazingly, Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, has let the prosecution proceed. Even more amazingly, nine other European countries still have similar laws, and 13 bar insults against their own head of state. Opinion polls reveal that in many countries support for free speech is lukewarm and conditional. If words are upsetting, people would rather the government or some other authority made the speaker shut up. A group of Islamic countries are lobbying to make insulting religion a crime under international law. They have every reason to expect that they will succeed. So it is worth spelling out why free expression is the bedrock of all liberties. Free speech is the best defence against bad government. Politicians who err (that is, all of them) should be subjected to unfettered criticism. Those who hear it may respond to it; those who silence it may never find out how their policies misfired. As Amartya Sen, a Nobel laureate, has pointed out, no democracy with a free press ever endured famine. In all areas of life, free debate sorts good ideas from bad ones. Science cannot develop unless old certainties are queried. Taboos are the enemy of understanding. When China’s government orders economists to offer optimistic forecasts, it guarantees that its own policymaking will be ill-informed. When American social-science faculties hire only left-wing professors, their research deserves to be taken less seriously.
23 -More specifically, the obligation of the university is to allow for open education and discussion within classrooms in order to fight authoritarianism. Students should not be told what to say or what to learn, but should be provided with the equal opportunity to grow and discover for themselves. This can only happen with free speech.
24 -American Council of Trustees and Alumni ‘13 (American Council of Trustees and Alumni – independent non-profit that is focused on maintaining academic freedom and accountability among US colleges. “Free to Teach, Free to Learn: Understanding and Maintaining Academic Freedom in Higher Education”, pgs. 23-25,
25 -The primary function of a university is to discover and disseminate knowledge by means of research and teaching. To fulfill this function a free interchange of ideas is necessary not only within its walls but with the world beyond as well. It follows that the university must do everything possible to ensure within it the fullest degree of intellectual freedom. The history of intellectual growth and discovery clearly demonstrates the need for unfettered freedom, the right to think the unthinkable, discuss the unmentionable, and challenge the unchallengeable. To curtail free expression strikes twice at intellectual freedom, for whoever deprives another of the right to state unpopular views necessarily also deprives others of the right to listen to those views. We take a chance, as the First Amendment takes a chance, when we commit ourselves to the idea that the results of free expression are to the general benefit in the long run, however unpleasant they may appear at the time. The validity of such a belief cannot be demonstrated conclusively. It is a belief of recent historical development, even within universities, one embodied in American constitutional doctrine but not widely shared outside the academic world, and denied in theory and in practice by much of the world most of the time. Because few other institutions in our society have the same central function, few assign such high priority to freedom of expression. Few are expected to. Because no other kind of institution combines the discovery and dissemination of basic knowledge with teaching, none confronts quite the same problems as a university. For if a university is a place for knowledge, it is also a special kind of small society. Yet it is not primarily a fellowship, a club, a circle of friends, a replica of the civil society outside it. Without sacrificing its central purpose, it cannot make its primary and dominant value the fostering of friendship, solidarity, harmony, civility, or mutual respect. To be sure, these are important values; other institutions may properly assign them the highest, and not merely a subordinate priority; and a good university will seek and may in some significant measure attain these ends. But it will never let these values, important as they are, override its central purpose. We value freedom of expression precisely because it provides a forum for the new, the provocative, the disturbing, and the unorthodox. Free speech is a barrier to the tyranny of authoritarian or even majority opinion as to the rightness or wrongness of particular doctrines or thoughts. If the priority assigned to free expression by the nature of a university is to be maintained in practice, clearly the responsibility for maintaining that priority rests with its members. By voluntarily taking up membership in a university and thereby asserting a claim to its rights and privileges, members also acknowledge the existence of certain obligations upon themselves and their fellows.
26 -This also outweighs potential negative objections. Even if hate speech or seditious speech are bad in the status quo, they only amplify overseas when oppressive governments justify hurting their citizens’ own rights and liberties by saying that the U.S. did so also.
27 -C3 Democratic Deliberation
28 -People have different values, backgrounds, and political ideologies. The only way to resolve for differing opinions in a democratic form is to ensure that public institutions such as colleges and universities are designed to promote debate and free speech. We need to see people who differ from as us as adversaries in a discussion, not rhetorical enemies.
29 -Chantal Mouffe 10 *bracketed for gendered language*, political theorist, 7-25-2010, "Chantal Mouffe: Agonistic Democracy and Radical Politics," Pavilion #15, http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/
30 -According to the ‘agonistic pluralism’ model that I developed in The Democratic Paradox (London: Verso, 2000) and On the Political (London: Routledge, 2005), pluralist democracy is characterised by the introduction of a distinction between the categories of enemy and adversary. This means that within the ‘we’ that constitutes the political community, the opponent is not considered an enemy to be destroyed but an adversary whose existence is legitimate. His Their ideas will be fought with vigour but theirhis right to defend them will never be questioned. The category of enemy does not disappear, however, for it remains pertinent with regard to those who, by questioning the very principles of pluralist democracy, cannot form part of the agonistic space. With the distinction between antagonism (friend/enemy relation) and agonism (relation between adversaries) in place, we are better able to understand why the agonistic confrontation, far from representing a danger for democracy, is in reality the very condition of its existence. Of course, democracy cannot survive without certain forms of consensus, relating to adherence to the ethico-political values that constitute its principles of legitimacy, and to the institutions in which these are inscribed. But it must also enable the expression of conflict, which requires that citizens genuinely have the possibility of choosing between real alternatives.
31 -Restricting the ability for bigots to voice their opinions only internalizes their mentalities and drives them underground.
32 -Vince Herron ‘93, JD, University of Southern California, “Increasing the Speech: Diversity, Campus Speech Codes, and the Pursuit of Truth,” Southern California Law Review, 1993-1994.
33 -Suppression of the bigotry which leads to hate speech may also drive the ideas underground, allowing them to take on a life of their own unbeknownst to, and there- fore unchallenged by, the rest of the university community. The rules that force these members underground may actually serve to strengthen and highlight their sense of grievance and even create martyrs.70 Those who are driven underground are able to attract new followers by holding themselves out to be an “oppressed minority” in their own right, “whose ‘truths’ are so powerful that they are banned by the Establishment. ’ 71 These ”truths” are presented to potential followers unopposed, because those who would oppose these ideologies do not know they exist, or, without any reminder of the need for opposition, have become apathetic. Sweeping the problem under the rug is not the answer and will do little to solve the problem. Keeping the problem in the public spotlight, where community members are aware of it, enables members to attack it when it surfaces. Katharine Bartlett and Jean O’Barr stated, “If there is a silver lining to the blatant, egregious forms of hateful harassment that Lawrence describes, it is that they help to make the underlying forms of prejudice undeniable.”’72 The gains in injury prevention garnered by campus speech codes are gained at the expense of the community’s ability to recognize the ideologies which originally led to these injuries and hinders the continued fight against those ideologies.
34 -Even if certain forms of speech should be protected, negating the resolution would be ineffective and inconsequential—harmful forms of speech cannot be eliminated by restricting them, only by fighting and debating them head on. Restrictions only sent hateful people underground—they keep their ideas to themselves and the public inevitably believes that they have solved oppression.
35 -Instead of just excluding or restricting some speech in the name of fighting oppression, we should instead use counter-speech as a method to speak out against prejudice. Azhar Majeed clarifies.
36 -Azhar Majeed, "Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes", Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, 11/18/2009, https://www.thefire.org/defying-the-constitution-the-rise-persistence-and-prevalence-of-campus-speech-codes/
37 -The third and final reason that the rationale of protecting minority students from harm fails to justify the presence of speech codes on campus is that the most effective response to the expression of hateful and prejudicial views is not to censor, but rather to engage in counterspeech.246  By responding with counterspeech, minority students can point out the deficiencies in those views and ultimately defeat them in the marketplace of ideas, thereby reaching a wide campus audience and informing it in meaningful and important ways.  Moreover, if there truly is a societal consensus against prejudice and intolerance, these students should have no trouble expressing their views and having them heard.  Therefore, commentators have recognized that “noxious ideas should be countered through juxta-position with good ideas in the hope that the bad ideas will lose out in the marketplace of ideas.”247  Nadine Strossen argues that “education, free discussion, and the airing of misunderstandings and failures of sensitivity are more likely to promote positive intergroup relations than are legal battles,” which, conversely, will only serve to “exacerbate intergroup tensions.”248  Another commentator echoes the hope that counterspeech will often “be effective to gradually build support by winning converts,” and argues that this can happen even on campuses with “high levels of hostility.”249
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-05 15:33:00.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -32
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -JANFEB - Quals AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -State Quals
Caselist.CitesClass[30]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,37 +1,0 @@
1 -Reflective equilibrium is true and necessary to resolve our irreducibly normative truths—we have to refer to our intuitions in order to understand moral judgments
2 -Derek Parfit ‘11. On What Matters, Volume 2. 543-6. 2011.
3 -To introduce this
4 -could rationally disagree.
5 -Rule-Consequentialism coheres with our moral beliefs—reflective equilibrium justifies my standard. Hooker ‘8
6 -SEP ‘8,http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2011/entries/consequentialism-rule/
7 -We have seen
8 -coherentist theories of epistemic justification.
9 -Thus the standard is rule consequentialism, defined as the principles whose universal acceptance would have the best consequences from an impartial point of view.
10 -More colleges and universities are choosing to emphasize non-offensiveness at the expense of truth seeking and free speech.
11 -Cliff Maloney ‘16 (), 10-13-2016, "Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students' Free Speech," TIME, http://time.com/4530197/college-free-speech-zone/ // AHS-DM, 1-9-2017
12 -Unfortunately, things have
13 -in fact, regressive.
14 -The principle of free speech in academic spaces affirms each person’s right to make their own decisions instead of being told what to believe by governmental or corporate interests.
15 -Judith Butler ‘13, 2-7-2013, professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature department at UC Berkeley. She is the author of several books on feminist theory, continental philosophy and contemporary politics, "Judith Butler’s Remarks to Brooklyn College on BDS," Nation, https://www.thenation.com/article/judith-butlers-remarks-brooklyn-college-bds/
16 -The principle of
17 -not the goal.
18 -Free speech is key to constructing an agonistic democracy which is a good rule—turning theory into praxis requires creating an agonistic culture; only accepting the contestability of every principle allows us to challenge hegemonic frames of knowledge.
19 -Chantal Mouffe 10 *bracketed for gendered language*, political theorist, 7-25-2010, "Chantal Mouffe: Agonistic Democracy and Radical Politics," Pavilion #15, http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/
20 -One of the
21 -between real alternatives.
22 -Censorship is a bad rule to follow under my standard—the attempt to close the political space to certain forms of speech only engenders resistance. Speech censorship doesn’t change minds but redirects them which only leaves reformers less prepared to defend their gains.
23 -Vince Herron ‘93, JD, University of Southern California, “Increasing the Speech: Diversity, Campus Speech Codes, and the Pursuit of Truth,” Southern California Law Review, 1993-1994.
24 -Suppression of the
25 -against those ideologies.
26 -Empirics—speech codes are clear policy failures – they don’t decrease bigotry, but they’re used against those they’re seeing to help.
27 -Conor Friedersdorf ‘15, 12-10-2015, "The Lessons of Bygone Free-Speech Fights," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/what-student-activists-can-learn-from-bygone-free-speech-fights/419178/
28 -He was writing
29 -behalf of blacks.”
30 -Retargeting—people with the ideologies you want to censor are still out there and use the censorship apparatus against you.
31 -Bart Cammaerts ‘9, London School of Economics and Political Science, England, 11-2009, "Radical pluralism and free speech in online public spaces," International Journal of Cultural Studies, http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27895/1/Radical_pluralism_and_free_speech_in_online_public_spaces_(LSERO).pdf
32 -However, in a
33 -causes of it.
34 -Engaging within the state structure is inevitable and can be effective. Simulating legislative action can create real change by promoting active learning of public policy and advocacy skills.
35 -Coverstone ‘5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005
36 -An important concern
37 -n public policy.”
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-16 19:16:46.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Tejal and Castillo
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Ollie
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -33
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -JANFEB - Rule Util AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard RR
Caselist.CitesClass[31]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,26 +1,0 @@
1 -“Ought” is defined as consistency with legal norms.
2 -Hans Kelsen ‘96, “On the Pure Theory of Law,” Israel Law Review, January 1966)
3 -That it is
4 -or superhuman will.
5 -Learning about the law spills over into other forms of education.
6 -(Graham Virgo, Why Study Law at University if I don't want to become a lawyer, University of Cambridge, Faculty of Law)
7 -One of the real
8 -reason free from
9 -Learning about the intricacies of the law and how it works is key to social change.
10 -Thema-Nikon 2k, Makani, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy to advance health equity and justice. “Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing” Colorlines 3.2) Getting It in Writing 
11 -as a prerequisite.
12 -moral norms are not identifiable outside of the context from which they arise. Only law can unify these disagreements on an international scale.
13 -Jurgen Habermas ‘86, Law and Morality, THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES, October 1, 1986. SM
14 -It is characteristi
15 -assessment of principles
16 -It’s constitutive and defines what laws are okay in the first place:
17 -The Constitution of the United States of America." Almanac of Policy Issues. June 2004. Web. http://www.policyalmanac.org/government/archive/constitution.shtml.
18 -It The Constitution
19 -of every individual
20 -International Law is not as binding as the constitution: Garcia 15
21 -This report provides
22 -agreements are controlling.
23 -Court and legal consensus show the Constitution affirms.
24 -FIRE. "State of the Law: Speech Codes." FIRE. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2017. https://www.thefire.org/in-court/state-of-the-law-speech-codes/.
25 -That the First
26 -of state universities.”
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-19 03:51:49.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Pregasen
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Thomas Jefferson
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -34
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -JANFEB - Constitution AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard
Caselist.CitesClass[32]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,42 +1,0 @@
1 -Identifying yourself as the cause of your actions is essential to the idea of rational agency.
2 -CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard ‘99, “SELF-CONSTITUTION IN THE ETHICS OF PLATO AND KANT”. The Journal of Ethics 1999, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp 1-29. Specifically, “VII. GOOD ACTION AND THE UNITY OF THE KANTIAN WILL”. Professor of Philosphy, Harvard University
3 -The first step
4 -which you act.
5 -Constraints are necessary to retain the value of freedom which implies that one cannot hinder the freedom of others.
6 -Engstrom, Stephen. “Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge.” N.d. Available from http://www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsem/engstrom_vortrag.pdf.
7 -Given the preceding
8 -that same freedom
9 -denying self-ownership in the round automatically implies the truth of the aff framework.
10 -James, Ostrowski, A SYMPOSIUM ON DRUG DECRIMINALIZATION: THE MORAL AND PRACTICAL CASE FOR DRUG LEGALIZATION. SPRING, 1990 18 Hofstra L. Rev. 607
11 -"Argumentation is a conflict-free wa
12 -principle of non-aggression.
13 -Ends based ethics like util could never deem certain actions as generally prohibited or obligated since the only morally relevant feature is whether an action maximizes utility.
14 -Anscombe: bracketed for clarity and gendered language
15 -Modern Moral Philosophy: G. E. M. Anscombe. Originally published in Philosophy 33, No. 124 (January 1958).
16 -It is a necessa
17 -ry
18 -don't hold at all.
19 -the universal subject is key to challenging all forms of oppression.
20 -Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.
21 -Whereas most criticisms
22 -its emancipatory potential.
23 -governments cannot put any restrictions on it no matter what the content of the speech is. Lambert 16
24 -(Saber, writer @ being libertarian, “The Degradation of Free Speech and Personal Liberty,” April 9, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/the-degradation-of-free-speech-and-personal-liberty///LADI)
25 -Many individuals in s
26 -no matter how miniscule.
27 -Speech and language is not intrinsically violent: the only possible issues with it come with its implementation, which means that it is not harmful in itself. Anderson 6
28 -Amanda Anderson, Caroline Donovan Professor of English Literature and Department Chair at Johns Hopkins University, Senior Fellow at the School of Criticism and Theory at Cornell University, holds a Ph.D. in English from Cornell University, 2006 (“Reply to My Critic(s),” Criticism, Volume 48, Number 2, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Project MUSE, p. 285-287)
29 -Let's first examine
30 -room for further elaboration here.
31 -Deregulating campus speech sets legal precedents that enable movements and protests, even if it protects bigots – Civil Rights prove.
32 -ACLU: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016.
33 -A: Free speech rights
34 -of the peace."
35 -Speech censorship doesn’t change minds but redirects them which only leaves reformers less prepared to defend their gains.
36 -Vince Herron ‘93, JD, University of Southern California, “Increasing the Speech: Diversity, Campus Speech Codes, and the Pursuit of Truth,” Southern California Law Review, 1993-1994.
37 -Suppression of the
38 -against those ideologies.
39 -Kant is not abstract - the Kantian subject is the embodied subject which is a prerequisite for the recognition of others.
40 -Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.
41 -One of the most
42 -other moral agents .
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-19 03:54:15.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jenn Melin
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Dulles NB
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -35
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -4
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -JANFEB - Kant AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard
Caselist.CitesClass[33]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,30 +1,0 @@
1 -Same fw as past topics
2 -
3 -Advocacy
4 -The modern housing system is far from perfect—loan corporations continue to discriminate and give customers preferential statuses based upon arbitrary characteristics. The status quo is racially biased and housing discrimination traps individuals in poverty.
5 -Burns ‘14, Rebecca. "They’re Still Redlining." Jacobin. N.p., 3 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 July 2016.
6 -Housing discrimination occupies an ignominious role in US history: it’s is one of the key mechanisms through which wealth has been stolen from blacks and other people of color. Some officials responsible for regulating the housing market acknowledge that such discrimination still exists, but they typically portray it as the work of a few bad apples. Last month, for example, New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman announced that his office was filing a lawsuit against the parent companies of Evans Bank for allegedly engaging in redlining, the practice of denying mortgage loans to borrowers in neighborhoods of color. The suit against Evans Bank charges that it excluded residents of majority-black neighborhoods in East Buffalo, New York from access to mortgage products, regardless of residents’ creditworthiness. Schneiderman has opened a wider investigation into potential redlining by banks operating in New York state, and warned that he might file further lawsuits in order to ensure that all residents have an “equal opportunity to obtain credit,” regardless of their skin color. But there’s more to the story than a few discriminatory banks. Prior to 2008, some of the same banks Schneiderman’s office is reportedly investigating flooded now credit-scarce areas with high-interest or subprime loans. During the subprime lending boom, such predatory loans were five times more likely to be made in African-American neighborhoods than in white ones. This practice, sometimes called “reverse redlining,” was merely the next stage in a cycle of exploitation enabled by a dual housing market. Communities of color, having historically been denied access to credit, were next aggressively targeted for subprime loans. As a result, black communities and other communities of color are also now disproportionately impacted by foreclosures — which, due to persistent segregation, remain concentrated in minority neighborhoods.
7 -Thus, the Plan Text: “Resolved: The United States Federal Government will ban the practice the redlining, or the refusal to give house loans based on race, predatory lending, and retail redlining.
8 -National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty ‘15. “HUMAN RIGHT TO HOUSING REPORT CARD”. December 1, 2o15. https://www.nlchp.org/documents/2015_HousingReport
9 -Even where needy applicants are able to access affordable housing or obtain housing assistance, they face discrimination in the private housing market on the basis of race, disability, gender, source of income, or other status, despite some strong de jure protections. There were 27,528 complaints of housing discrimination registered in 2014, a minority of the estimated total amount of housing discrimination. In 2014, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination specifically called on the U.S. to “ensure the availability of affordable and adequate housing for all” by “undertaking prompt, independent and thorough investigation into all cases of discriminatory practices by private actors, including in relation to discriminatory mortgage lending practices, steering, and redlining; holding those responsible to account; and providing effective remedies, including appropriate compensation, guarantees of non-repetition and changes in relevant laws and practices.”124 Yet the number of HUD employees dedicated to fair housing dropped to an all-time low in federal fiscal year 2015.125 Part of the United States’ obligation is to ensure enforcement of existing laws; it cannot do that when funding resources shrink despite the need for additional work and resources.
10 -The AFF is topical—a right to housing is a negative right that prohibits housing discrimination
11 -NERSI ‘16. “What is the Human Right to Housing”. National Economic and Social Rights Initiative. 2016.
12 -Everyone has a fundamental human right to housing, which ensures access to an safe, secure, habitable, and affordable home with freedom from forced eviction. It is the government’s obligation to guarantee that everyone can exercise this right to live in security, peace, and dignity. This right must be provided to all persons irrespective of income or access to economic resources. There are seven principles that are fundamental to the right to housing and are of particular relevance to the right to housing in the United States:
13 -Contention
14 -Redlining is historically based upon exploitation and differential status
15 -Ta-Nehisi Coates ‘14 (national correspondent at The Atlantic, where he writes about culture, politics, and social issues. He is the author of The Beautiful Struggle and Between the World and Me.). “The Case for Reparations”. The Atlantic, June 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/
16 -In Chicago and across the country, whites looking to achieve the American dream could rely on a legitimate credit system backed by the government. Blacks were herded into the sights of unscrupulous lenders who took them for money and for sport. “It was like people who like to go out and shoot lions in Africa. It was the same thrill,” a housing attorneys told the historian Beryl Satter in her 2009 book, Family Properties. “The thrill of the chase and the kill.” he kill was profitable. At the time of his death, Lou Fushanis owned more than 600 properties, many of them in North Lawndale, and his estate was estimated to be worth $3 million. He’d made much of this money by exploiting the frustrated hopes of black migrants like Clyde Ross. During this period, according to one estimate, 85 percent of all black home buyers who bought in Chicago bought on contract. “If anybody who is well established in this business in Chicago doesn’t earn $100,000 a year,” a contract seller told The Saturday Evening Post in 1962, “he is loafing.” Contract sellers became rich. North Lawndale became a ghetto.
17 -That outweighs:
18 -1 Recognition—housing attorneys and loan corporations violate the status of Black citizens as agents under an omnilateral will—they fail to respect their intrinsic nature of all individuals as ends and treat them as simply means to maximize their own profit.
19 -2 Coercion—the aff rectifies a direct instance of coercion. Freeriding limits the ability for agents to pursue their ends as a result of direct and intentional violations of freedom—corporations provide or deny loans with the intent of either preventing Blacks from moving or ensuring homelessness due to foreclosure.
20 -3 The current housing system has also created a system of dependency—Blacks are disproportionately harmed and dictated by the will of white property owners. That violates the freedom of minority populations because it predetermines their ability to pursue their own ends since they are regulated by other citizens.
21 -The intersections of racism, classism, and sexism limit equal access to housing. Pager and Shepherd 08
22 -Devah Pager and Hana Shepherd. “The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets.” Annu Rev Sociol . 2008 January 1; 34: 181–209. Department of Sociology, Princeton University. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2915460/pdf/nihms222293.pdf
23 -Other research using telephone audits further points to a gender and class dimension of racial discrimination in which black women and/or blacks who speak in a manner associated with a lower-class upbringing suffer greater discrimination than black men and/or those signaling a middle-class upbringing (Massey and Lundy 2001, Purnell et al. 1999). Context also matters in the distribution of discrimination events (Fischer and Massey 2004). Turner and Ross (2005) report that segregation and class steering of blacks occurs most often when either the housing or the office of the real estate agent is in a predominantly white neighborhood. Multi-city audits likewise suggest that the incidence of discrimination varies substantially across metropolitan contexts (Turner et al. 2002). 3Asian renters and homebuyers experienced similar levels of consistent adverse treatment, though the effects were not statistically significant for renters. The highest levels of discrimination among the groups was experienced by Native American renters, for whom reduced access to information comprised the bulk of differential treatment (Turner and Ross 2003a,b) Moving beyond evidence of exclusionary treatment, Roscigno and colleagues (2007) provide evidence of the various forms of housing discrimination that can extend well beyond the point of purchase (or rental agreement). Examples from a sample of discrimination claims filed with the Civil Rights Commission of Ohio point to the failure of landlords to provide adequate maintenance for housing units, to harassment or physical threats by managers or neighbors, and to the unequal enforcement of a residential association’s rules.
24 -Overall, the available evidence suggests that discrimination in rental and housing markets remains pervasive. Although there are some promising signs of change, the frequency with which racial minorities experience differential treatment in housing searches suggests that discrimination remains an important barrier to residential opportunities. The implications of these trends for other forms of inequality (health, employment, wealth, and inheritance) are discussed below.
25 -The aff is try or die—eviction rates are increasing and disproportionately affect minority communities. Greenberg et al. quote Desmond 16 brackets originally in article
26 -Deena Greenberg, Carl Gershenson, and Matthew Desmond. “Discrimination in Evictions: Empirical Evidence and Legal Challenges.” 2016. http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mdesmond/files/greenberg_et_al._.pdf?m=1462385261
27 -However, legal scholars and social scientists have generally overlooked the incidence of discrimination in eviction, the forced removal from one’s home.7 Indeed, eviction has been one of the “most understudied processes affecting the lives of the urban poor.”8 This lack of attention is particularly troubling considering it is estimated that millions of people across the United States are evicted each year.9 Matthew Desmond explained that “in 2013, one in eight poor renting families nationwide was unable to pay all of its rent, and a similar proportion thought it was likely they would be evicted soon.”10 In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, residents from one in fourteen rental houses in majority black neighborhoods are evicted each year.11 Jackson County, Missouri, which includes half of Kansas City, saw nineteen formal evictions a day between 2009 and 2013.12 In 2012, New York City courts saw almost eighty evictions per day based on nonpayment of rent.13 Also in 2012, one in eighteen rental households in Chicago, Illinois, and one in nine in Cleveland, Ohio, received eviction summons.14 Between 2010 and 2013, eviction filings rose by 21 in Maine, 11 in Massachusetts, and 8 in Kentucky.15
28 -Plan boosts economic productivity and creates better economic outcomes
29 -Raj Chetty et al, Nathaniel Hendren, and Lawrence Katz ’15 (Harvard Economic Professors), 5-2015, “The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment,” “Harvard University,” http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/images/mto_exec_summary.pdf // AHSDM 7-8-2016
30 -There are large differences in individuals’ economic, health, and educational outcomes across neighborhoods in the United States. Motivated by these disparities, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development designed the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment to determine whether providing low-income families assistance in moving to better neighborhoods could improve their economic and health outcomes. The MTO experiment was conducted between 1994 and 1998 in five large U.S. cities. Approximately 4,600 families living in high-poverty public housing projects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an experimental voucher group that was offered a subsidized housing voucher that came with a requirement to move to a census tract with a poverty rate below 10, a Section 8 voucher group that was offered a standard housing voucher with no additional contingencies, and a control group that was not offered a voucher (but retained access to public housing). Previous research on the MTO experiment has found that moving to lower-poverty areas greatly improved the mental and physical health of adults (e.g., Ludwig et al 2013). However, prior work found no impacts of the MTO treatments on the earnings of adults and older youth, leading some to conclude that neighborhood environments are not an important component of economic success. In this study, we present a new analysis of the effect of the MTO experiment on children’s long-term outcomes. Our re-analysis is motivated by new research showing that a neighborhood’s effect on children’s outcomes may depend critically on the duration of exposure to that environment. In particular, Chetty and Hendren (2015) use quasi-experimental methods to show that every year spent in a better area during childhood increases a child’s earnings in adulthood, implying that the gains from moving to a better area are larger for children who are younger at the time of the move. In light of this new evidence on childhood exposure effects, we study the long-term impacts of MTO on children who were young when their families moved to better neighborhoods. Prior work has not been able to examine these issues because the younger children in the MTO experiment are only now old enough to be entering the adult labor market. For older children (those between ages 13-18), we find that moving to a lower-poverty neighborhood has a statistically insignificant or slightly negative effect. More generally, the gains from moving to lower-poverty areas decline steadily with the age of the child at the time of the move. We do not find any clear evidence of a “critical age” below which children must move to benefit from a better neighborhood. Rather, every extra year of childhood spent in a low-poverty environment appears to be beneficial, consistent with the findings of Chetty and Hendren (2015). The MTO treatments also had little or no impact on adults' economic outcomes, consistent with the results of Ludwig et al. (2013). Together, these studies show that childhood exposure plays a critical role in neighborhoods’ effects on economic outcomes. The experimental voucher increased the earnings of children who moved at young ages in all five experimental sites, for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, and for boys and girls. Perhaps most notably, we find robust evidence that the experimental voucher improved long-term outcomes for young boys, a subgroup where prior studies have found little evidence of gains. Our estimates imply that moving a child out of public housing to a low-poverty area when young (at age 8 on average) using a subsidized voucher like the MTO experimental voucher will increase the child's total lifetime earnings by about $302,000. This is equivalent to a gain of $99,000 per child moved in present value at age 8, discounting future earnings at a 3 interest rate. The additional tax revenue generated from these earnings increases would itself offset the incremental cost of the subsidized voucher relative to providing public housing. We conclude that offering low-income families housing vouchers and assistance in moving to lower poverty neighborhoods has substantial benefits for the families themselves and for taxpayers. It appears important to target such housing vouchers to families with young children – perhaps even at birth – to maximize the benefits. Our results provide less support for policies that seek to improve the economic outcomes of adults through residential relocation. More broadly, our findings suggest that efforts to integrate disadvantaged families into mixed-income communities are likely to reduce the persistence of poverty across generations
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-03-09 18:59:07.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Terrence Lonam
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jordan Farenhem
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -36
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -4
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -MARAPR - Redlining Kant AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -States
Caselist.RoundClass[25]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -23
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:08:44.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Nina Potischman
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Semis
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC - This
2 -1NC - 3 theory interps (forgot)
3 -
4 -2NR - 1 theory shell
5 -2AR - Case
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Valley
Caselist.RoundClass[26]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -24
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:10:06.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Max Pilcher, Jason Smith
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Raffi Piliero
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC - This
2 -1NC - Cap K Coal DA Country Spec Bad
3 -
4 -2NR - Country Spec Cap K
5 -2AR - Case
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Valley RR
Caselist.RoundClass[27]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -25
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:11:47.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Samuel Azbel
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Natalie Isak
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -4
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC - This
2 -1NC - Levinas NC Country Spec Bad
3 -
4 -2NR - Levinas NC
5 -2AR - Case
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Yale
Caselist.RoundClass[28]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -26
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:13:20.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Daniel Lu
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Andrea Marin
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC - This
2 -1NC - Russia CP
3 -
4 -2NR - CP
5 -2AR - Case
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Yale
Caselist.RoundClass[29]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -27
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-22 15:13:59.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -All
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -All
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Quads
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -All
Caselist.RoundClass[30]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -28
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-01-14 16:34:53.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Amos Jeng
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Oliver Sussman
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1NC - Kant NC Theory
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Lex
Caselist.RoundClass[31]
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-05 15:30:53.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -State Quals
Caselist.RoundClass[32]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -29
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-05 15:32:57.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -idk
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -State Quals
Caselist.RoundClass[33]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -30
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-16 19:16:44.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Tejal and Castillo
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Ollie
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,2 +1,0 @@
1 -1NC - Ilaw DA Climate DA Neolib K Case
2 -2NR - Ilaw DA Case
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard RR
Caselist.RoundClass[34]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -31
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-19 03:51:47.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Pregasen
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Thomas Jefferson
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard
Caselist.RoundClass[35]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -32
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-19 03:54:09.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jenn Melin
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Dulles NB
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -4
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard
Caselist.RoundClass[36]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -33
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-03-09 18:59:05.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Terrence Lonam
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Jordan Farenhem
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -4
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -States
Caselist.CitesClass[1]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,51 @@
1 +**Agency is constitutive and inescapable.**
2 +Luca Ferrero ‘9, “Constitutivism and the Inescapability of Agency”. Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol. IV, Jan 12, 2009.(https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/ferrero/www/pubs/ferrero-constitutivism.pdf‎) Professor of Philosophy, University of Wesconsin at Milwaukee.
3 +The initial appeal … viability of constitutivism
4 +
5 +**Identifying yourself as the cause of your actions is essential to the idea of rational agency.**
6 +CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard ‘99, “SELF-CONSTITUTION IN THE ETHICS OF PLATO AND KANT”. The Journal of Ethics 1999, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp 1-29. Specifically, “VII. GOOD ACTION AND THE UNITY OF THE KANTIAN WILL”. Professor of Philosphy, Harvard University
7 +The first step … which you act.
8 +
9 +**Constraints are necessary to retain the value of freedom which implies that one cannot hinder the freedom of others.**
10 +Engstrom, Stephen. “Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge.” N.d. Available from http://www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsem/engstrom_vortrag.pdf.
11 +Given the preceding … that same freedom
12 +
13 +**The role of the state is to preserve conditions of freedom, not protect freedom itself by maximizing.**
14 +Ripstein ‘9, Arthur. Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2009. Pg 196.
15 +Powers excercised within … its own law
16 +
17 +**Denying self-ownership in the round automatically implies the truth of the aff framework**
18 +James, Ostrowski, A SYMPOSIUM ON DRUG DECRIMINALIZATION: THE MORAL AND PRACTICAL CASE FOR DRUG LEGALIZATION. SPRING
19 +Argumentation is a … principle of non-aggression
20 +
21 +**Maximizing the good for the majority of people while violating others is antithetical to what people believe**
22 +Maria Konnikova ’16 (Contributing writer for the New Yorker where she often writes about psychology and science), 1-7-2016, "How We Learn Fairness," New Yorker, http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/how-we-learn-fairness
23 +When Sarah Brosnan … than someone else.
24 +
25 +**Plan Text – Resolved: The Commonwealth of Australia ought to prohibit uranium mining for nuclear power production.**
26 +Australian Conservation Foundation ‘16 (Foundation created for ecological sustainability. ACF has helped in conservation successes for almost 50 years), "A nuclear free Australia," https://www.acfonline.org.au/be-informed/northern-australia-nuclear/nuclear-free-australia
27 +We support a … trade is needed
28 +
29 +**The plan is inherent – the federal government just overturned the moratorium and economic incentives are pushing Australia into more nuclear development**
30 +Greg Sheridan '16 (Greg Sheridan is a foreign affairs journalist and commentator. He joined The Australian in 1984 and worked in Beijing, Washington, and Canberra before starting his tenure as the paper's foreign editor in 1992. He specializes in Asian politics and has written four books on the topic.), 1-30-2016, "We can’t miss nuclear opportunity," The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/greg-sheridan/nuclear-energy-a-great-economic-opportunity-for-australia/news-story/e36d9cf0a1e7eaa64fb6a5198093e40c
31 +Malcom Turnbull and … should not panic
32 +
33 +**The federal government treats Aboriginals as means to an end by manipulating their legal protections in order develop uranium sites on Native land in the face of economic incentives.**
34 +Jim Green '16 (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published.), 6-27-2016, "Radioactive waste and the nuclear war on Australia's Aboriginal people," Ecologist, http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2987853/radioactive_waste_and_the_nuclear_war_on_australias_aboriginal_people.html
35 +Dumping on South … with Aboriginal people
36 +
37 +**Hindering a hindrance is justified - enforcing a prohibition of uranium mining is not a violation of the nuclear industry’s freedom.**
38 +Ripstein 2, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
39 +That is unlike … of equal freedom
40 +
41 +**Free riding is fundamentally prohibited under a system of equal and outer freedom.**
42 +Ripstein 3, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
43 +So mandatory cooperation … costs them nothing
44 +
45 +**Uranium mining is a violation of reciprocal constraints**
46 +Green ‘10, Jim (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published), Uranium Miners Turning Water Into Liquid Waste online. Chain Reaction, No. 108, Mar 2010: 38-39. Availability: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=964691488289282;res=IELHSS ISSN: 0312-1372.
47 +World Water Day … in the aquifer
48 +
49 +**Uranium mining violates the deontic status of future generations by using them as a means to an end.**
50 +Dr. Matthew Rendall ‘7, Nuclear Weapons and Intergenerational Exploitation, School of Politics and International Relations, 2007
51 +Nuclear deterrence thus … without catastrophic “accidents”?
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-19 00:55:43.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Daniel Lu
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Idk
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +SEPOCT - Australia Ripstein AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Yale
Caselist.CitesClass[2]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,24 @@
1 +**All analytic version of the Ripstein framework**
2 +
3 +**Plan Text – Resolved: The Commonwealth of Australia ought to prohibit uranium mining for nuclear power production.**
4 +Australian Conservation Foundation ‘16 (Foundation created for ecological sustainability. ACF has helped in conservation successes for almost 50 years), "A nuclear free Australia," https://www.acfonline.org.au/be-informed/northern-australia-nuclear/nuclear-free-australia
5 +We support a … trade is needed
6 +
7 +**The plan is inherent – the federal government just overturned the moratorium and economic incentives are pushing Australia into more nuclear development.**
8 +Greg Sheridan '16 (Greg Sheridan is a foreign affairs journalist and commentator. He joined The Australian in 1984 and worked in Beijing, Washington, and Canberra before starting his tenure as the paper's foreign editor in 1992. He specializes in Asian politics and has written four books on the topic.), 1-30-2016, "We can’t miss nuclear opportunity," The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/greg-sheridan/nuclear-energy-a-great-economic-opportunity-for-australia/news-story/e36d9cf0a1e7eaa64fb6a5198093e40c
9 +Malcom Turnbull and … should not panic
10 +
11 +**Plan’s popularity is also empirically verified**
12 +Ann S. Bisconti ’16 (Polls bad shells are dumb. Telephone interviews conducted March 2-6, 2016; random sample of 1,019 adults 18 and older, all 50 U.S. States and DC; sampling error of +/- 4 at a 95 confidence level; and quotas include 60 cellphone respondents and 40 landline respondents randomly selected using random-digit-dial method ), 4-27-2016, "Public opinion on nuclear energy: what influences it," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/public-opinion-nuclear-energy-what-influences-it9379
13 +
14 +**Hindering a hindrance is justified - enforcing a prohibition of uranium mining is not a violation of the nuclear industry’s freedom.**
15 +Ripstein 2, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
16 +
17 +**The universal subject is key to challenging all forms of oppression.**
18 +Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.
19 +
20 +**Trying to change the rules within the game doesn’t make sense since that wouldn’t be playing the game anymore, which means that the authority of rules is absolute.**
21 +Terry Nardin , “International Ethics and International Law”. Review of International Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan., 1992), pp. 19-30, published by Cambridge University Press . JStor, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20097279.
22 +
23 +**Conditional logic proves that if the condition of a statement is false, then the statement as a whole is true.**
24 +STANFORD PHILOSOPHY http://www.stanford.edu/~bobonicha/dictionary/dictionary.html Abbreviated Dictionary of Philosophical Terminology An introduction to philosophy Stanford University
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-19 01:00:46.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Sazbel
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Scarsdale NI
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +4
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +SEPOCT - Australia Ripstein AC v2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Yale
Caselist.CitesClass[3]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,55 @@
1 +**Plan Text – Resolved: The Commonwealth of Australia ought to prohibit uranium mining for nuclear power production.**
2 +Australian Conservation Foundation ‘16 (Foundation created for ecological sustainability. ACF has helped in conservation successes for almost 50 years), "A nuclear free Australia," https://www.acfonline.org.au/be-informed/northern-australia-nuclear/nuclear-free-australia
3 +We support a … trade is needed
4 +
5 +**The plan is inherent – the federal government just overturned the moratorium and economic incentives are pushing Australia into more nuclear development**
6 +Greg Sheridan '16 (Greg Sheridan is a foreign affairs journalist and commentator. He joined The Australian in 1984 and worked in Beijing, Washington, and Canberra before starting his tenure as the paper's foreign editor in 1992. He specializes in Asian politics and has written four books on the topic.), 1-30-2016, "We can’t miss nuclear opportunity," The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/greg-sheridan/nuclear-energy-a-great-economic-opportunity-for-australia/news-story/e36d9cf0a1e7eaa64fb6a5198093e40c
7 +Malcom Turnbull and … should not panic
8 +
9 +**The federal government treats Aboriginals as means to an end by manipulating their legal protections in order develop uranium sites on Native land in the face of economic incentives.**
10 +Jim Green '16 (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published.), 6-27-2016, "Radioactive waste and the nuclear war on Australia's Aboriginal people," Ecologist, http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2987853/radioactive_waste_and_the_nuclear_war_on_australias_aboriginal_people.html
11 +Dumping on South … with Aboriginal people
12 +
13 +**Hindering a hindrance is justified - enforcing a prohibition of uranium mining is not a violation of the nuclear industry’s freedom.**
14 +Ripstein 2, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
15 +That is unlike … of equal freedom
16 +
17 +**Free riding is fundamentally prohibited under a system of equal and outer freedom.**
18 +Ripstein 3, Arthur. Force and Freedom Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
19 +So mandatory cooperation … costs them nothing
20 +
21 +**Uranium mining is a violation of reciprocal constraints**
22 +Green ‘10, Jim (Dr. Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, where a version of this article was originally published), Uranium Miners Turning Water Into Liquid Waste online. Chain Reaction, No. 108, Mar 2010: 38-39. Availability: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=964691488289282;res=IELHSS ISSN: 0312-1372.
23 +World Water Day … in the aquifer
24 +
25 +**All claims are merely provisional until they are brought under universal law.**
26 +Immanuel Kant founder of analytic philosophy “Critique of Pure Reason” 1781
27 +When I declare ... a civil society
28 +
29 +**The universality of reason demands an ethical community which consists of all reasoners.**
30 +Wolfram Gobsch, The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love in which to Overcome It.
31 +The idea of ... on its content
32 +
33 +**Ethics must acknowledge the empirical conditions we live in otherwise it becomes too ideal.**
34 +Wolfram Gobsch, The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love in which to Overcome It.
35 +We know holiness ... what love is
36 +
37 +**The AC framework bridges the gap between abstraction of ethical theories and the material conditions of real people.**
38 +Wolfram Gobsch, The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love in which to Overcome It.
39 +In human activity ... himself as evil
40 +
41 +**Debate must inform students about maintaining an ethical community for mutual recognition in education.**
42 +Shapiro ‘14 -‘To Give an Example is a Complex Act’: Agamben’s pedagogy of the paradigm JACOB MESKIN a and HARVEY SHAPIRO b aEducation and Jewish Thought, Hebrew College; bEducation, Northeastern University Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2014 Vol. 46, No. 4, 421–440,
43 +In addition to ... of its paradigmaticity
44 +
45 +**If the universal subject is abstract, then an abstraction is necessary.**
46 +Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism,philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.
47 +Whereas most criticisms ... its emancipatory potential
48 +
49 +**We need a Kantian discussion about originals specifically**
50 +Deer, Frank ’13, (an Associate professor in the University of Manitoba's Faculty of Education. Also, Director of Indigenous Initiatives in the University of Manitoba's Faculty of Education), "Integrating Aboriginal Perspectives in Education: Perceptions of Pre-Service Teachers." Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne De L'éducation 36.2 (2013): 175-211. Web.
51 +Althrough Aboriginal education ... some Aboriginal cultural-values
52 +
53 +**Freedom is an inviolable side constraint.**
54 +F. M. Kamm, Harming Some to Save Others, Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosphy in the Analytic Tradition, Vol. 57, No. 3, Nov. 1989, pp. 227-260,
55 +One strategy for ... "futilitarianism" of rights.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-23 21:24:29.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Raffi
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +4
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +SEPOCT - Australia Ripstein AC v3
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Valley RR
Caselist.CitesClass[8]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@
1 +**Prioritization of future generations leads to a paradox of the identity of future and further future people**
2 +
3 +Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons, 351-379 http://www.chadpearce.com/Home/BOOKS/161777473-Derek-Parfit-Reasons-and-Persons.pdf
4 +Consider the 14-Year-Old ... to her child.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-27 23:41:33.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Nina Potischman
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +9
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Semis
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +SEPOCT - Nailbomb AC Non-Identity Problem
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Valley
Caselist.CitesClass[13]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,3 @@
1 +Interp: Neg must have an explicit advocacy text if they defend a standard of preventing the totalization of the other
2 +
3 +Interp: Neg must defend the norms creation model of theory
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-11-20 17:26:59.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +All
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +All
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +15
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Quads
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +American Heritage Plantation Min Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1 - Theory Interps
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +All
Caselist.RoundClass[1]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-19 00:55:41.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Daniel Lu
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Idk
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +AC-Kant NC-Some Cp
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Yale
Caselist.RoundClass[2]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-19 01:00:43.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Sazbel
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Scarsdale NI
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +4
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Yale
Caselist.RoundClass[4]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +3
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-23 21:24:28.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Raffi
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Valley RR
Caselist.RoundClass[9]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +8
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-09-27 23:41:31.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +idk
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Nina Potischman
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Semis
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Valley
Caselist.RoundClass[15]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +13
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-11-20 17:26:58.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +All
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +All
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Quads
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +All

Schools

Aberdeen Central (SD)
Acton-Boxborough (MA)
Albany (CA)
Albuquerque Academy (NM)
Alief Taylor (TX)
American Heritage Boca Delray (FL)
American Heritage Plantation (FL)
Anderson (TX)
Annie Wright (WA)
Apple Valley (MN)
Appleton East (WI)
Arbor View (NV)
Arcadia (CA)
Archbishop Mitty (CA)
Ardrey Kell (NC)
Ashland (OR)
Athens (TX)
Bainbridge (WA)
Bakersfield (CA)
Barbers Hill (TX)
Barrington (IL)
BASIS Mesa (AZ)
BASIS Scottsdale (AZ)
BASIS Silicon (CA)
Beckman (CA)
Bellarmine (CA)
Benjamin Franklin (LA)
Benjamin N Cardozo (NY)
Bentonville (AR)
Bergen County (NJ)
Bettendorf (IA)
Bingham (UT)
Blue Valley Southwest (KS)
Brentwood (CA)
Brentwood Middle (CA)
Bridgewater-Raritan (NJ)
Bronx Science (NY)
Brophy College Prep (AZ)
Brown (KY)
Byram Hills (NY)
Byron Nelson (TX)
Cabot (AR)
Calhoun Homeschool (TX)
Cambridge Rindge (MA)
Canyon Crest (CA)
Canyon Springs (NV)
Cape Fear Academy (NC)
Carmel Valley Independent (CA)
Carpe Diem (NJ)
Cedar Park (TX)
Cedar Ridge (TX)
Centennial (ID)
Centennial (TX)
Center For Talented Youth (MD)
Cerritos (CA)
Chaminade (CA)
Chandler (AZ)
Chandler Prep (AZ)
Chaparral (AZ)
Charles E Smith (MD)
Cherokee (OK)
Christ Episcopal (LA)
Christopher Columbus (FL)
Cinco Ranch (TX)
Citrus Valley (CA)
Claremont (CA)
Clark (NV)
Clark (TX)
Clear Brook (TX)
Clements (TX)
Clovis North (CA)
College Prep (CA)
Collegiate (NY)
Colleyville Heritage (TX)
Concord Carlisle (MA)
Concordia Lutheran (TX)
Connally (TX)
Coral Glades (FL)
Coral Science (NV)
Coral Springs (FL)
Coppell (TX)
Copper Hills (UT)
Corona Del Sol (AZ)
Crandall (TX)
Crossroads (CA)
Cupertino (CA)
Cy-Fair (TX)
Cypress Bay (FL)
Cypress Falls (TX)
Cypress Lakes (TX)
Cypress Ridge (TX)
Cypress Springs (TX)
Cypress Woods (TX)
Dallastown (PA)
Davis (CA)
Delbarton (NJ)
Derby (KS)
Des Moines Roosevelt (IA)
Desert Vista (AZ)
Diamond Bar (CA)
Dobson (AZ)
Dougherty Valley (CA)
Dowling Catholic (IA)
Dripping Springs (TX)
Dulles (TX)
duPont Manual (KY)
Dwyer (FL)
Eagle (ID)
Eastside Catholic (WA)
Edgemont (NY)
Edina (MN)
Edmond North (OK)
Edmond Santa Fe (OK)
El Cerrito (CA)
Elkins (TX)
Enloe (NC)
Episcopal (TX)
Evanston (IL)
Evergreen Valley (CA)
Ferris (TX)
Flintridge Sacred Heart (CA)
Flower Mound (TX)
Fordham Prep (NY)
Fort Lauderdale (FL)
Fort Walton Beach (FL)
Freehold Township (NJ)
Fremont (NE)
Frontier (MO)
Gabrielino (CA)
Garland (TX)
George Ranch (TX)
Georgetown Day (DC)
Gig Harbor (WA)
Gilmour (OH)
Glenbrook South (IL)
Gonzaga Prep (WA)
Grand Junction (CO)
Grapevine (TX)
Green Valley (NV)
Greenhill (TX)
Guyer (TX)
Hamilton (AZ)
Hamilton (MT)
Harker (CA)
Harmony (TX)
Harrison (NY)
Harvard Westlake (CA)
Hawken (OH)
Head Royce (CA)
Hebron (TX)
Heights (MD)
Hendrick Hudson (NY)
Henry Grady (GA)
Highland (UT)
Highland (ID)
Hockaday (TX)
Holy Cross (LA)
Homewood Flossmoor (IL)
Hopkins (MN)
Houston Homeschool (TX)
Hunter College (NY)
Hutchinson (KS)
Immaculate Heart (CA)
Independent (All)
Interlake (WA)
Isidore Newman (LA)
Jack C Hays (TX)
James Bowie (TX)
Jefferson City (MO)
Jersey Village (TX)
John Marshall (CA)
Juan Diego (UT)
Jupiter (FL)
Kapaun Mount Carmel (KS)
Kamiak (WA)
Katy Taylor (TX)
Keller (TX)
Kempner (TX)
Kent Denver (CO)
King (FL)
Kingwood (TX)
Kinkaid (TX)
Klein (TX)
Klein Oak (TX)
Kudos College (CA)
La Canada (CA)
La Costa Canyon (CA)
La Jolla (CA)
La Reina (CA)
Lafayette (MO)
Lake Highland (FL)
Lake Travis (TX)
Lakeville North (MN)
Lakeville South (MN)
Lamar (TX)
LAMP (AL)
Law Magnet (TX)
Langham Creek (TX)
Lansing (KS)
LaSalle College (PA)
Lawrence Free State (KS)
Layton (UT)
Leland (CA)
Leucadia Independent (CA)
Lexington (MA)
Liberty Christian (TX)
Lincoln (OR)
Lincoln (NE)
Lincoln East (NE)
Lindale (TX)
Livingston (NJ)
Logan (UT)
Lone Peak (UT)
Los Altos (CA)
Los Osos (CA)
Lovejoy (TX)
Loyola (CA)
Loyola Blakefield (MA)
Lynbrook (CA)
Maeser Prep (UT)
Mannford (OK)
Marcus (TX)
Marlborough (CA)
McClintock (AZ)
McDowell (PA)
McNeil (TX)
Meadows (NV)
Memorial (TX)
Millard North (NE)
Millard South (NE)
Millard West (NE)
Millburn (NJ)
Milpitas (CA)
Miramonte (CA)
Mission San Jose (CA)
Monsignor Kelly (TX)
Monta Vista (CA)
Montclair Kimberley (NJ)
Montgomery (TX)
Monticello (NY)
Montville Township (NJ)
Morris Hills (NJ)
Mountain Brook (AL)
Mountain Pointe (AZ)
Mountain View (CA)
Mountain View (AZ)
Murphy Middle (TX)
NCSSM (NC)
New Orleans Jesuit (LA)
New Trier (IL)
Newark Science (NJ)
Newburgh Free Academy (NY)
Newport (WA)
North Allegheny (PA)
North Crowley (TX)
North Hollywood (CA)
Northland Christian (TX)
Northwood (CA)
Notre Dame (CA)
Nueva (CA)
Oak Hall (FL)
Oakwood (CA)
Okoboji (IA)
Oxbridge (FL)
Oxford (CA)
Pacific Ridge (CA)
Palm Beach Gardens (FL)
Palo Alto Independent (CA)
Palos Verdes Peninsula (CA)
Park Crossing (AL)
Peak to Peak (CO)
Pembroke Pines (FL)
Pennsbury (PA)
Phillips Academy Andover (MA)
Phoenix Country Day (AZ)
Pine Crest (FL)
Pingry (NJ)
Pittsburgh Central Catholic (PA)
Plano East (TX)
Polytechnic (CA)
Presentation (CA)
Princeton (NJ)
Prosper (TX)
Quarry Lane (CA)
Raisbeck-Aviation (WA)
Rancho Bernardo (CA)
Randolph (NJ)
Reagan (TX)
Richardson (TX)
Ridge (NJ)
Ridge Point (TX)
Riverside (SC)
Robert Vela (TX)
Rosemount (MN)
Roseville (MN)
Round Rock (TX)
Rowland Hall (UT)
Royse City (TX)
Ruston (LA)
Sacred Heart (MA)
Sacred Heart (MS)
Sage Hill (CA)
Sage Ridge (NV)
Salado (TX)
Salpointe Catholic (AZ)
Sammamish (WA)
San Dieguito (CA)
San Marino (CA)
SandHoke (NC)
Santa Monica (CA)
Sarasota (FL)
Saratoga (CA)
Scarsdale (NY)
Servite (CA)
Seven Lakes (TX)
Shawnee Mission East (KS)
Shawnee Mission Northwest (KS)
Shawnee Mission South (KS)
Shawnee Mission West (KS)
Sky View (UT)
Skyline (UT)
Smithson Valley (TX)
Southlake Carroll (TX)
Sprague (OR)
St Agnes (TX)
St Andrews (MS)
St Francis (CA)
St James (AL)
St Johns (TX)
St Louis Park (MN)
St Margarets (CA)
St Marys Hall (TX)
St Thomas (MN)
St Thomas (TX)
Stephen F Austin (TX)
Stoneman Douglas (FL)
Stony Point (TX)
Strake Jesuit (TX)
Stratford (TX)
Stratford Independent (CA)
Stuyvesant (NY)
Success Academy (NY)
Sunnyslope (AZ)
Sunset (OR)
Syosset (NY)
Tahoma (WA)
Talley (AZ)
Texas Academy of Math and Science (TX)
Thomas Jefferson (VA)
Thompkins (TX)
Timber Creek (FL)
Timothy Christian (NJ)
Tom C Clark (TX)
Tompkins (TX)
Torrey Pines (CA)
Travis (TX)
Trinity (KY)
Trinity Prep (FL)
Trinity Valley (TX)
Truman (PA)
Turlock (CA)
Union (OK)
Unionville (PA)
University High (CA)
University School (OH)
University (FL)
Upper Arlington (OH)
Upper Dublin (PA)
Valley (IA)
Valor Christian (CO)
Vashon (WA)
Ventura (CA)
Veritas Prep (AZ)
Vestavia Hills (AL)
Vincentian (PA)
Walla Walla (WA)
Walt Whitman (MD)
Warren (TX)
Wenatchee (WA)
West (UT)
West Ranch (CA)
Westford (MA)
Westlake (TX)
Westview (OR)
Westwood (TX)
Whitefish Bay (WI)
Whitney (CA)
Wilson (DC)
Winston Churchill (TX)
Winter Springs (FL)
Woodlands (TX)
Woodlands College Park (TX)
Wren (SC)
Yucca Valley (CA)