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+I value morality since the word ought in the resolution implies moral obligation. |
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+The standard is minimizing structural violence, which involves the systematic ways in which structural institutions harm, oppress, and create disadvantages for certain groups and individuals. There are multiple justifications: |
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+Ethics must start with the viewpoint of the oppressed because otherwise our perspective will be skewed. Structural violence comes before moral theories because it predetermines the moral agency of oppressed actors as irrelevant – ensuring everyone a seat at the table is a prior question to starting the discussion. |
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+Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton 99. Winter "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." 1999 |
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+Finally, to recognize...building lasting peace. |
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+ |
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+Structural violence causes dehumanization, which entails making certain groups or individuals feel less worthy, which normalizes oppression. Dehumanization is the biggest possible impact. |
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+Berube 97 – Professor of Communication Studies and Associate Director of NanoScience and Technology Studies at University of South Carolina David M., “NANOTECHNOLOGICAL PROLONGEVITY: The Down Side,” http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm |
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+This means-ends...most powerful weapon. |
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+ |
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+Ableism is defined as discrimination in favor of able-bodied people. The fear of dangerous, deviant, impaired bodies justifies human rights abuses, murder, and devalued lives – discrimination against people of color, women, and immigrants has always been through their alignment with disability. This means that solving for ableism is a prerequisite to solving for other forms of oppression. |
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+Siebers 10 Tobin Siebers, Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Michigan; “The Aesthetics of Human Disqualification”; University of Michigan Press; 10/28/2010; accessed 07/31/2015; http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andved=0CCoQFjAAandurl=http3A2F2Fdisabilities.temple.edu2Fmedia2Fds2Flecture20091028siebersAesthetics_FULL.docandei=LWz4T6jyN8bHqAHLkY2LCQandusg=AFQjCNGdkDuSJkRXMHgbXqvuyyeDpldVcQandsig2=UCGDC4tHbeh2j7-Yce9lsA. |
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+Surprisingly little thought...or mentally inferior. |
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+ |
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+Also, it is your role as a judge to refuse the replication of oppression, especially in the context of oppression of disabled people. |
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+Ben-Moshe 5 (Liat, Ph.D. student in Sociology, Disability Studies and Women Studies at Syracuse University. ““Lame Idea”: Disabling Language in the Classroom,” in Building Pedagogical Curb Cuts: Incorporating Disability into the University Classroom and Curriculum, http://www.syr.edu/gradschool/pdf/resourcebooksvideos/Pedagogical20Curb20Cuts.pdf) |
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+When we use...for our own use. |
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+ |
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+Thus, I advocate that the United States limit qualified immunity for police officers through the method of applying the Americans with Disabilities Act standards in arrest situations. |
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+Contention 1 is Solving for Ableism |
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+The United States criminalizes mentally ill people. |
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+Auner ‘16, Thomas; “For The Protection of Society’s Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests.” Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10. |
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+The United States...the general population.38 |
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+ |
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+And, the Americans with Disabilities Act is a civil rights law with the purpose to end discrimination of people with mental disabilities and allow for legal action for those who have been discriminated against. However, unequal application of the ADA has left some mentally ill people vulnerable to police discrimination. |
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+Auner 2, Thomas; “For The Protection of Society’s Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests.” Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10. |
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+Violent confrontations between...the mentally ill. |
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+ |
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+Thus, I advocate for the plan: The United States will limit qualified immunity by applying the Americans with Disabilities Act to police officers in arrest situations. Thomas Auner provides solvency for the plan. |
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+Auner 3, Thomas; “For The Protection of Society’s Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests.” Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10. |
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+Excessive force claims...with the police. |
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+ |
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+And, the plan renders the barriers of qualified immunity inapplicable to mentally ill individuals. |
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+Auner 4, Thomas; “For The Protection of Society’s Most Vulnerable, The ADA Should Apply To Arrests.” Los Angeles Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 2016. Web. October 07, 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10. |
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+To succeed in...municipal immunity inapplicable.79 |