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+The subject, or the self, doesn’t emerge in a vacuum: when you make judgments, you’re drawing upon a set of rules. There’s a set of norms that precede the formation of the subject so that the subject can only be understood through a social framework. |
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+Butler 1, Judith. "Judith Butler - The Difference of Philosophy (2015) | Notes on Impressions and Responsiveness." University of College Dublin, 06 Mar. 2015. |
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+When we speak...its own action. |
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+This insinuates a demand for recognition- we expect the Other to correct our interpretation of a social rule that we drew upon if it is wrong. This means that we are dependent upon the Other. |
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+Butler 2, Judith. “Giving an Account of Oneself.” New York: Fordham University Press, 2005. Project MUSE. Web. 31 Jul. 2016. http://www.arts.rpi.edu/~ruiz/AdvancedIntegratedArts/ReadingsAIA/Butler20An20Account20of20Oneself.pdf |
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+In all the...of its use. |
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+Our dependency on the Other for recognition means that we must expose ourselves to them and thus we are vulnerable. Our vulnerability towards the Other is something that we can never get rid of; we have no guarantee of how the other will act towards us, or how social norms will affect us. Violence is an attempt to overcome that position of vulnerability or precariousness; to show that you are self-standing without the influence of the Other. |
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+Butler 3, Judith Ph.D. (2003) Violence, Mourning, Politics, http://lit911.web.unc.edu/files/2015/08/butler-precarious-life.pdf |
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+Mourning, fear, anxiety...condition? |
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+If I let myself be vulnerable to another, then I let them affect me in ways that can resonate with me. However, structural violence makes some groups not grievable— recognition is a prior question to material redistributions. |
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+Butler 4, Judith. 2009 "Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable?" http://humanities.wisc.edu/assets/misc/Butler.pdf |
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+The shared condition...of "the living." |
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+Thus, the standard is rejecting norms that inhibit the grievability of life, since they use violence to distance the subject from the Other. |
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+Butler 5, Judith. "Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable?" Choice Reviews Online 47.01 (2009): n. pag. Center for the Humanities. Verso, 2009. Web. 25 June 2016. http://humanities.wisc.edu/assets/misc/Butler.pdf |
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+Over and against...from the start. |
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+We play a role in resisting structural violence. Social norms place limits on what we can and can’t understand, so we can have ideas about what’s outside of these limits, but it’s unintelligible. When the grievability of a certain group is unintelligible, then the equality of that group to the dominant one has become unintelligible. Thus, we have an obligation in every instance to reject social norms that inhibit the grievability of life. |
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+Butler 6, Judith. “What Is Critique? An Essay on Foucault’s Virtue.” Web. http://eipcp.net/transversal/ 0806/butler/en |
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+He then continues...fragility and limit. |
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+Also, prefer the standard because ethics must start with the viewpoint of the oppressed because otherwise our perspective will be skewed. The standard is a perquisite to other forms of ethics because ensuring everyone has a seat at the table is a prerequisite to starting the discussion. |
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+Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton ‘99. Winter "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." |
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+Finally, to recognize...and are inevaluable. |
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+Analytics |
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+Plan Text: Japan will prohibit the production of nuclear power. |
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+Anadolu, 06,17.2016, "Japan: Ban on restarting 2 nuclear reactors upheld," Anadolu Agency, http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/japan-ban-on-restarting-2-nuclear-reactors-upheld/593055 |
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+A Japanese district...contributed 30 percent. |
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+Japan uses nuclear power to marginalize the Buraku. |
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+Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, “Nuclear Catastrophe, Disaster-Related Environmental Injustice, and Fukushima, Japan: Prima-Facie Evidence for a Japanese ‘Katrina’”, |
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+One of the...the FD accident. |
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+Japan hides this world of oppression created by nuclear power. |
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+Shrader-Frechette 2, Kristin, “Nuclear Catastrophe, Disaster-Related Environmental Injustice, and Fukushima, Japan: Prima-Facie Evidence for a Japanese ‘Katrina’”, |
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+Prima-facie evidence...keep their jobs.61–65 |
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+Affirm to grieve those killed and irrevocably harmed by the production of nuclear power. Grief for these specific individuals brings them into our frame of reference and creates an ethical reorientation. |
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+Lloyd 08 Moya (pf Loughborough Univ, feminist author) “Towards a cultural politics of vulnerability Precarious lives and ungrievable deaths” Judith Butler’s Precarious Politics. 2008 |
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+Mourning and politics...throughout her work. |