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From version < 35.1 >
edited by Harrison Bay
on 2016/12/02 00:44
To version < 74.1 >
edited by Harrison Bay
on 2017/02/18 18:56
< >
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Summary

Details

Caselist.CitesClass[5]
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1 -=1NR Court Clog=
1 +=Make CPs Great Again=
2 2  
3 3  
4 -====Judiciary is intact now but we're on the brink—courts are clogged at historic levels.====
5 -**Bannon '13** (Alicia Bannon serves as counsel for the Brennan Center's Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts. Ms. Bannon also previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center's Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal. "Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts," Brennan Center, 9/13, http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/testimony-federal-courts-need-more-judges) OS
6 -While the current high level of judicial vacancies partially explains this high per-judge
4 +====18 U.S. C. 242 can punish police officers with imprisonment if they demonstrate willful intent to violate protected rights====
5 +L.I.I. ND (Run by Cornell, this is the actual U.S. Code 242 used in federal prosecution today, "U.S. Code § 242 - Deprivation of rights under color of law", https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/242) //AA HB 12/1/16
6 +Whoever, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or
7 7  AND
8 -2013, so as to ensure the continued vitality of our federal courts.
8 +or for life, or both, or may be sentenced to death.
9 9  
10 10  
11 -====Qualified immunity avoids court clog—it removes frivolous lawsuits against law enforcement officers before deliberation occurs, reducing the burden====
12 -**Callahan 16** (Mike Callahan, Served in law enforcement for 44 years, appointed as a Special Agent with the United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service, 4/29/16, "Protecting cops from frivolous lawsuits: Qualified immunity, explained", https://web.archive.org/web/20161201124728/https://www.policeone.com/legal/articles/176707006-Protecting-cops-from-frivolous-lawsuits-Qualified-immunity-explained/)
13 -The United States Supreme Court has demonstrated remarkable understanding of the very difficult and dangerous
11 +====However, it's hard for federal prosecutors to bring possible crimes to light due to a "specific intent" definition of "willful intent"—past rulings have a chilling effect====
12 +Pastor 2 (Michael J. Pastor, 2002, "A Tragedy and a Crime? Amadou Diallo, Specific Intent, and the Federal Prosecution of Civil Rights Violations", http://www.nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Michael-J-Pastor-A-Tragedy-and-a-Crime.pdf) //AA HB 12/1/16
13 +The first hurdle in federal criminal prosecutions involves concerns over federalism and local sovereignty that
14 14  AND
15 -qualified immunity defense and use it to successfully defend their police officer clients.
15 +with the specific intent to use unreasonable force in their encounter with Diallo6.
16 16  
17 17  
18 -==2 Scenarios==
19 -
20 -
21 -===Scenario 1===
22 -
23 -
24 -====Clogged courts stall US economy—specifically, disincentives like QI solve====
25 -**Post 11 (**Ashely; InsideCounsel as managing editor ,"Frivolous lawsuits clogging U.S. courts, stalling economic growth", www.insidecounsel.com/2011/07/22/frivolous-lawsuits-clogging-us-courts-stalling-eco?page=1-5, July 22, 2011)//ADS
26 -Americans' litigiousness and thirst for massive damages has been a boon to the legal profession
18 +====Thus, the Counterplan: The United States ought to hold officers criminally liable for depriving another of their civil rights upon a showing of reckless disregard rather than specific intent.====
19 +Pastor 2 (Michael J. Pastor, 2002, "A Tragedy and a Crime? Amadou Diallo, Specific Intent, and the Federal Prosecution of Civil Rights Violations", http://www.nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Michael-J-Pastor-A-Tragedy-and-a-Crime.pdf) //AA HB 12/1/16
20 +If the Supreme Court wished to overturn § 242 for vagueness, it could do
27 27  AND
28 -It would be unlikely that he would veto the bill," Schwartz says.
22 +§ 242 should be used to prevent excessive use of deadly force.8
29 29  
30 30  
31 -====Economic decline causes war and miscalculation ====
32 -**Royal 10** — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 ("Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises," Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215)
33 -Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
34 -AND
35 -such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.
36 -
37 -
38 -===Scenario 2===
39 -
40 -
41 -====Federal court clog collapses the federal judiciary– decimates Supreme Court and rule of law====
42 -**Oakley 96** (John B.; Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus US Davis School of Law, 1996 The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation)//ADS
43 -Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal justice
44 -AND
45 -would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation.
46 -
47 -
48 -====Global democracy is predicated off of US judicial legitimacy ====
49 -**Zoccola '06 **(Barbara; President of the Memphis Bar Association, "Voters hold the key for judicial fairness" July 23, The Commercial Appeal)//ADS
50 -It matters because the health of our American democracy depends on impartial judges who apply
51 -AND
52 -and only 64 percent correctly identified the meaning of "checks and balances"
53 -
54 -
55 -====Consolidation solves WMD conflict ====
56 -**Halperin 11 **(Morton H.; Senior Advisor – Open Society Institute and Senior Vice President of the Center for American Progress, "Unconventional Wisdom – Democracy is Still Worth Fighting For", Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/01/03/unconventional-wisdom, JANUARY 3, 2011)//ADS
57 -As the United States struggles to wind down two wars and recover from a humbling
58 -AND
59 -Nor should we doubt that America would be more secure if they succeed.
25 +====Competes through Court Clog b/c it doesn't link because criminal prosecutions must still be vetted by a prosecutor and brought only when the evidence supports probable cause, which overcomes qualified immunity, and solves better than the aff through deterrence: Police Officers can obtain professional liability insurance to protect themselves against civil lawsuits but they can't insure themselves against prison time which 18 USC 242 enforces.====
EntryDate
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1 -2016-12-02 00:43:31.0
1 +2016-12-02 00:53:30.0
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -8
1 +7
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -ND Court Clog DA
1 +ND Reckless Disregard CP
Caselist.CitesClass[6]
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1 -=Body Camera CP=
1 +====1. Utilitarianism is the only moral system available to policy-makers. ====
2 +Goodin 90 writes
3 +Robert Goodin, fellow in philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, 1990, p. 141-2
4 +My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation
5 +AND
6 +want to use it at all – to chose general rules or conduct.
2 2  
3 3  
4 -====Counterplan: The United States ought to require all police officers to wear body cameras, always powered on, with legal ramifications if turned off while on duty====
9 +====2. Moral uncertainty means you default to extinction first. ====
10 +**Bostrom 12** Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford; Generally Crazy Person but not this argument because it's actually pretty sane."Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012)
11 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~s~~ an alternative,complementary way of
12 +AND
13 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.
5 5  
6 6  
7 -====Body cameras strengthen police legitimacy, lower cases of brutality, stop and frisk, and arrests. Officers like them too, and empirical data backs them up====
8 -White 14 (Michael D. White, 2014, "Police Officer Body-Worn Cameras: Assessing the Evidence", https://www.ojpdiagnosticcenter.org/sites/default/files/spotlight/download/Police20Officer20Body-Worn20Cameras.pdf)
9 -Transparency, or willingness by a police department to open itself up to outside scrutiny
10 -AND
11 -. There was no comparison to officers who did not wear cameras.12
16 +====Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being.====
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -2016-12-02 00:44:38.0
1 +2016-12-02 00:53:31.0
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -9
1 +7
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -ND Body Cameras CP
1 +FW Util
Caselist.RoundClass[8]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -5
1 +9
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -2016-12-02 00:43:30.0
1 +2016-12-03 01:00:40.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Thomas Phung
1 +c
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Kent Denver SL
1 +b
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -1
1 +Finals
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -4 off
1 +d
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Alta
1 +a
Caselist.RoundClass[9]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -6
1 +10
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -2016-12-02 00:44:37.0
1 +2017-01-28 15:26:06.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Thomas Phung
1 +Sazbel
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Kent Denver SL
1 +Stuyvesant KF
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -4 off
1 +killjoy
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -Alta
1 +Emory
Caselist.CitesClass[7]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,59 @@
1 +=1NR Court Clog=
2 +
3 +
4 +====Judiciary is intact now but we're on the brink—courts are clogged at historic levels.====
5 +**Bannon '13** (Alicia Bannon serves as counsel for the Brennan Center's Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts. Ms. Bannon also previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center's Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal. "Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts," Brennan Center, 9/13, http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/testimony-federal-courts-need-more-judges) OS
6 +While the current high level of judicial vacancies partially explains this high per-judge
7 +AND
8 +2013, so as to ensure the continued vitality of our federal courts.
9 +
10 +
11 +====Qualified immunity avoids court clog—it removes frivolous lawsuits against law enforcement officers before deliberation occurs, reducing the burden====
12 +**Callahan 16** (Mike Callahan, Served in law enforcement for 44 years, appointed as a Special Agent with the United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service, 4/29/16, "Protecting cops from frivolous lawsuits: Qualified immunity, explained", https://web.archive.org/web/20161201124728/https://www.policeone.com/legal/articles/176707006-Protecting-cops-from-frivolous-lawsuits-Qualified-immunity-explained/)
13 +The United States Supreme Court has demonstrated remarkable understanding of the very difficult and dangerous
14 +AND
15 +qualified immunity defense and use it to successfully defend their police officer clients.
16 +
17 +
18 +==2 Scenarios==
19 +
20 +
21 +===Scenario 1===
22 +
23 +
24 +====Clogged courts stall US economy—specifically, disincentives like QI solve====
25 +**Post 11 (**Ashely; InsideCounsel as managing editor ,"Frivolous lawsuits clogging U.S. courts, stalling economic growth", www.insidecounsel.com/2011/07/22/frivolous-lawsuits-clogging-us-courts-stalling-eco?page=1-5, July 22, 2011)//ADS
26 +Americans' litigiousness and thirst for massive damages has been a boon to the legal profession
27 +AND
28 +It would be unlikely that he would veto the bill," Schwartz says.
29 +
30 +
31 +====Economic decline causes war and miscalculation ====
32 +**Royal 10** — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 ("Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises," Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215)
33 +Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
34 +AND
35 +such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.
36 +
37 +
38 +===Scenario 2===
39 +
40 +
41 +====Federal court clog collapses the federal judiciary– decimates Supreme Court and rule of law====
42 +**Oakley 96** (John B.; Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus US Davis School of Law, 1996 The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation)//ADS
43 +Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal justice
44 +AND
45 +would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation.
46 +
47 +
48 +====Global democracy is predicated off of US judicial legitimacy ====
49 +**Zoccola '06 **(Barbara; President of the Memphis Bar Association, "Voters hold the key for judicial fairness" July 23, The Commercial Appeal)//ADS
50 +It matters because the health of our American democracy depends on impartial judges who apply
51 +AND
52 +and only 64 percent correctly identified the meaning of "checks and balances"
53 +
54 +
55 +====Consolidation solves WMD conflict ====
56 +**Halperin 11 **(Morton H.; Senior Advisor – Open Society Institute and Senior Vice President of the Center for American Progress, "Unconventional Wisdom – Democracy is Still Worth Fighting For", Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/01/03/unconventional-wisdom, JANUARY 3, 2011)//ADS
57 +As the United States struggles to wind down two wars and recover from a humbling
58 +AND
59 +Nor should we doubt that America would be more secure if they succeed.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-12-02 00:53:31.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Thomas Phung
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Kent Denver SL
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +7
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Albuquerque Academy Bay Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +ND Court Clog DA
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Alta
Caselist.CitesClass[8]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,11 @@
1 +=Body Camera CP=
2 +
3 +
4 +====Counterplan: The United States ought to require all police officers to wear body cameras, always powered on, with legal ramifications if turned off while on duty====
5 +
6 +
7 +====Body cameras strengthen police legitimacy, lower cases of brutality, stop and frisk, and arrests. Officers like them too, and empirical data backs them up====
8 +White 14 (Michael D. White, 2014, "Police Officer Body-Worn Cameras: Assessing the Evidence", https://www.ojpdiagnosticcenter.org/sites/default/files/spotlight/download/Police20Officer20Body-Worn20Cameras.pdf)
9 +Transparency, or willingness by a police department to open itself up to outside scrutiny
10 +AND
11 +. There was no comparison to officers who did not wear cameras.12
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-12-02 00:53:31.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Thomas Phung
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Kent Denver SL
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +7
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Albuquerque Academy Bay Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +ND Body Cameras CP
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Alta
Caselist.CitesClass[9]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,21 @@
1 +==Resolved: The US ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers.==
2 +
3 +
4 +====A. Interpretation: The aff must defend the legal definition of Qualified Immunity. To clarify:====
5 +
6 +
7 +====Qualified Immunity====
8 +Cornell ND (Cornell University Law School, "Qualified Immunity", https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/qualified_immunity, 11/10/16)
9 +Qualified immunity: an overview
10 + "Qualified immunity balances two important interests—
11 +AND
12 +plaintiff's right if it is clear that the right was not clearly established.
13 +
14 +
15 +====B. Violation: The aff does not engage with qualified immunity at all, they instead talk about _____====
16 +
17 +
18 +====C. Standards:====
19 +1. Predictable Limits
20 +2. Ground:
21 +====D. Voters:====
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-12-03 01:00:41.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +c
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +b
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +8
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Finals
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Albuquerque Academy Bay Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +ND QI T
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +a
Caselist.CitesClass[10]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,70 @@
1 +====A. Interpretation: Acceptance of being affirmative in debate round constitutes acceptance of the burden to advocate topical action by public colleges and universities of the United States====
2 +Ericson 3 (Jon M Ericson, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater's Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
3 +The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action. In policy propositions, each topic
4 +AND
5 +compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
6 +
7 +
8 +====Resolved implies action ====
9 +Oxford Dictionaries (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/resolved)
10 +Definition of resolved in English: Firmly determined to do something
11 +
12 +
13 +====Ought implies moral obligation====
14 +**Dictionary.com** http://www.dictionary.com/browse/ought
15 +1.
16 +(used to express duty or moral obligation):
17 +Every citizen ought to help.
18 +
19 +
20 +====B. Violation: Aff violates the words "Resolved: Public colleges and universities ought," and has not met its burden to advocate action by public colleges and universities====
21 +
22 +
23 +====C. Standards: ====
24 +
25 +
26 +
27 +====Non-topic-centered debate drains education and critical thinking skills====
28 +Michael Greenstein, 2014 ("An Activity At Risk: A Call for Topic-Centered Debate," Dr. Greenstein is the Director of Debate and a social studies teacher at Glenbrook North High School, The Rostrum, Fall 2014, pp. 70-72)
29 +In non-topic centered debates, affirmative teams often will not discuss anything related
30 +AND
31 +critical thinking ability, analytic skills, or other benefits debate can provide.
32 +
33 +
34 +
35 +
36 +==== Supporting limits sets a norm—they're the vital access point for any theory impact—key to fairness because huge research burdens mean we can't prepare to compete—key to education because people quit debate, and top debate schools strategically run small affs====
37 +**Rowland 84** (Robert C., Debate Coach – Baylor University, "Topic Selection in Debate", American Forensics in Perspective, Ed. Parson, p. 53-54)
38 +The first major problem identified by the work group as relating to topic selection is
39 +AND
40 +of broad topics that has led some small schools to cancel their programs.
41 +
42 +
43 +====7. Non-topical affirmatives screw fairness and decrease the dialogical benefits of the debate—turns the aff====
44 +Galloway 7 (Ryan, professor of communications at Samford University, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007)
45 +Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively
46 +AND
47 +substitutes for topical action do not accrue the dialogical benefits of topical advocacy.
48 +
49 +
50 +====8. Focus on abstract resistance rather than concrete policy re-entrenches mechanisms that produce oppression, and withers the politically consequential Left—even if they solve short-term, they turn long-term====
51 +**Thompson et al., 15**, Gregory Smulewicz-Zucker and Michael Thompson, 9/15,Radical Intellectuals and the Subversion of Progressive Politics: The Betrayal of Politics, (Political Philosophy and Public Purpose) (Kindle Locations 263-270). Palgrave Macmillan. Kindle Edition. Thompson is a Political Scientist @ William Patterson University, Smulewicz-Zucker is a philosophy professor @ Baruch
52 +On our reading, there is not only a theoretical but also a deeply political
53 +AND
54 +) (Kindle Locations 263-270). Palgrave Macmillan. Kindle Edition.
55 +
56 +
57 +
58 +====Switch side debate solves better through future advocacy and argumentation skills====
59 +**Zwarensteyn 2012** (Ellen C., "High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning" (2012). Masters Theses. Paper 35.
60 +http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35, LB)
61 +After surveying literature dating back to the policy debate controversies of the 1950s and 1960s
62 +AND
63 +continuously adapting multiple perspectives in and out of a student's world-view.
64 +
65 +
66 +====11. Policy Simulation is key to strategic decision-making and even culture change====
67 +Eijkman 12 ~~Henk, visiting fellow at the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy and is Visiting Professor of Academic Development, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology in India, has taught at various institutions in the social sciences and his work as an adult learning specialist has taken him to South Africa, Malaysia, Palestine, and India, "The role of simulations in the authentic learning for national security policy development: Implications for Practice," http://nsc.anu.edu.au/test/documents/Sims_in_authentic_learning_report.pdf~~
68 +However, whether as an approach to learning, innovation, persuasion or culture shift
69 +AND
70 +notion with the aff methodology because someone has to lose the debate—equating
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-01-28 15:26:08.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Sazbel
Opponent
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1 +Stuyvesant KF
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +9
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Albuquerque Academy Bay Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Framework
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Emory
Caselist.CitesClass[11]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,14 @@
1 +T-Any
2 +A. Interpretation: Prefer:
3 +“Any”
4 +Google (It’s Google)
5 +1. used to refer to one or some of a thing or number of things, no matter how much or many. "I don't have any choice" 2. whichever of a specified class might be chosen.
6 +The first definition flows neg, too—it says it’s used to refer to one or more things, but that’s ONLY when there’s only one of those things available—the example verifies this, there’s ONLY ONE choice available which is the entirety of the set of available—when there’s many of those things available, “any” applies to every element in that set by the first definition
7 +
8 +“Any” differs in meaning when considered in context in the legal world—prefer as the legal interpretation is the best used especially in the context of the resolution
9 +Breyer 12 (Stephen Breyer, US SUPREME COURT JUSTICE, 9/17/12. “Stephen Breyer recommends the best books on Intellectual Influence”, http://fivebooks.com/interview/stephen-breyer-on-intellectual-influences/) //AA HB
10 +JL Austin was an ordinary language philosopher. When I studied in Oxford, I went to one of his classes and I read his books. How to Do Things with Words teaches us a lot about how ordinary language works. It is useful to me as a judge, because it helps me avoid the traps that linguistic imprecision can set. If I had to pick a single thing that I draw from Austin’s work it would be that context matters. It enables us to understand, when someone makes a statement, what that statement refers to and what that person meant. Austin set a famous exam question: you bet that all swans are white or black, but does this refer to possible swans on Mars? Not clear. The question is: what’s the context? What’s the scope of that bet? When I see the word “any” in a statute, I immediately know it’s unlikely to mean “anything” in the universe. “Any” will have a limitation on it, depending on the context. When my wife says, “there isn’t any butter,” I understand that she’s talking about what is in our refrigerator, not worldwide. We look at context over and over, in life and in law.
11 +
12 +Limits and CP ground
13 +
14 +Voters
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-18 18:56:14.415
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Janet Novack
Opponent
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1 +Ridge AL
ParentRound
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1 +10
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Albuquerque Academy Bay Neg
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +T - Any
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Harvard
Caselist.RoundClass[7]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +5,6,7,8
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2016-12-02 00:53:29.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Thomas Phung
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Kent Denver SL
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
RoundReport
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1 +4 off
Tournament
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1 +Alta
Caselist.RoundClass[10]
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-18 18:56:10.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Janet Novack
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Ridge AL
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2
RoundReport
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Giroux Journalism
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1 +Harvard

Schools

Aberdeen Central (SD)
Acton-Boxborough (MA)
Albany (CA)
Albuquerque Academy (NM)
Alief Taylor (TX)
American Heritage Boca Delray (FL)
American Heritage Plantation (FL)
Anderson (TX)
Annie Wright (WA)
Apple Valley (MN)
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