Changes for page Albuquerque Academy Bay Neg
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... ... @@ -1,59 +1,25 @@ 1 -= 1NRCourtClog=1 +=Make CPs Great Again= 2 2 3 3 4 -==== Judiciaryis intactnowbutwe'reon thebrink—courtsarecloggedathistoriclevels.====5 - **Bannon'13**(Alicia Bannonservesas counselfortheBrennanCenter'sDemocracy Program,whereherworkfocusesonjudicial selectionand promoting fair andimpartialcourts.Ms.Bannonalsopreviouslyservedas a Liman Fellow andCounselin the Brennan Center'sJusticeProgram.J.D. from Yale Law Schoolin 2007, where she was a Comments Editor ofthe Yale LawJournal."Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts,"Brennan Center, 9/13,http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/testimony-federal-courts-need-more-judges)OS6 -Wh ilethecurrenthighlevelofjudicialvacanciespartiallyexplainsthis high per-judge4 +====18 U.S. C. 242 can punish police officers with imprisonment if they demonstrate willful intent to violate protected rights==== 5 +L.I.I. ND (Run by Cornell, this is the actual U.S. Code 242 used in federal prosecution today, "U.S. Code § 242 - Deprivation of rights under color of law", https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/242) //AA HB 12/1/16 6 +Whoever, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or 7 7 AND 8 - 2013, soas to ensurethecontinuedvitalityofour federal courts.8 +or for life, or both, or may be sentenced to death. 9 9 10 10 11 -==== Qualifiedimmunityavoidscourtclog—itremovesfrivolouslawsuitsagainst lawenforcementofficersbeforedeliberation occurs,reducingtheburden====12 - **Callahan16**(MikeCallahan,Servedinlawenforcementfor44 years,appointed as aSpecialAgentwiththeUnitedStates Naval CriminalInvestigative Service, 4/29/16, "Protectingcopsfromfrivolouslawsuits:Qualified immunity, explained", https://web.archive.org/web/20161201124728/https://www.policeone.com/legal/articles/176707006-Protecting-cops-from-frivolous-lawsuits-Qualified-immunity-explained/)13 -The UnitedStates SupremeCourthasdemonstratedremarkableunderstandingofthe verydifficultanddangerous11 +====However, it's hard for federal prosecutors to bring possible crimes to light due to a "specific intent" definition of "willful intent"—past rulings have a chilling effect==== 12 +Pastor 2 (Michael J. Pastor, 2002, "A Tragedy and a Crime? Amadou Diallo, Specific Intent, and the Federal Prosecution of Civil Rights Violations", http://www.nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Michael-J-Pastor-A-Tragedy-and-a-Crime.pdf) //AA HB 12/1/16 13 +The first hurdle in federal criminal prosecutions involves concerns over federalism and local sovereignty that 14 14 AND 15 - qualified immunitydefenseand use it to successfully defendtheirpoliceofficerclients.15 +with the specific intent to use unreasonable force in their encounter with Diallo6. 16 16 17 17 18 -==2 Scenarios== 19 - 20 - 21 -===Scenario 1=== 22 - 23 - 24 -====Clogged courts stall US economy—specifically, disincentives like QI solve==== 25 -**Post 11 (**Ashely; InsideCounsel as managing editor ,"Frivolous lawsuits clogging U.S. courts, stalling economic growth", www.insidecounsel.com/2011/07/22/frivolous-lawsuits-clogging-us-courts-stalling-eco?page=1-5, July 22, 2011)//ADS 26 -Americans' litigiousness and thirst for massive damages has been a boon to the legal profession 18 +====Thus, the Counterplan: The United States ought to hold officers criminally liable for depriving another of their civil rights upon a showing of reckless disregard rather than specific intent.==== 19 +Pastor 2 (Michael J. Pastor, 2002, "A Tragedy and a Crime? Amadou Diallo, Specific Intent, and the Federal Prosecution of Civil Rights Violations", http://www.nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Michael-J-Pastor-A-Tragedy-and-a-Crime.pdf) //AA HB 12/1/16 20 +If the Supreme Court wished to overturn § 242 for vagueness, it could do 27 27 AND 28 - Itwould be unlikelythat he wouldvetothebill,"Schwartzsays.22 +§ 242 should be used to prevent excessive use of deadly force.8 29 29 30 30 31 -====Economic decline causes war and miscalculation ==== 32 -**Royal 10** — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 ("Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises," Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215) 33 -Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict 34 -AND 35 -such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. 36 - 37 - 38 -===Scenario 2=== 39 - 40 - 41 -====Federal court clog collapses the federal judiciary– decimates Supreme Court and rule of law==== 42 -**Oakley 96** (John B.; Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus US Davis School of Law, 1996 The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation)//ADS 43 -Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal justice 44 -AND 45 -would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation. 46 - 47 - 48 -====Global democracy is predicated off of US judicial legitimacy ==== 49 -**Zoccola '06 **(Barbara; President of the Memphis Bar Association, "Voters hold the key for judicial fairness" July 23, The Commercial Appeal)//ADS 50 -It matters because the health of our American democracy depends on impartial judges who apply 51 -AND 52 -and only 64 percent correctly identified the meaning of "checks and balances" 53 - 54 - 55 -====Consolidation solves WMD conflict ==== 56 -**Halperin 11 **(Morton H.; Senior Advisor – Open Society Institute and Senior Vice President of the Center for American Progress, "Unconventional Wisdom – Democracy is Still Worth Fighting For", Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/01/03/unconventional-wisdom, JANUARY 3, 2011)//ADS 57 -As the United States struggles to wind down two wars and recover from a humbling 58 -AND 59 -Nor should we doubt that America would be more secure if they succeed. 25 +====Competes through Court Clog b/c it doesn't link because criminal prosecutions must still be vetted by a prosecutor and brought only when the evidence supports probable cause, which overcomes qualified immunity, and solves better than the aff through deterrence: Police Officers can obtain professional liability insurance to protect themselves against civil lawsuits but they can't insure themselves against prison time which 18 USC 242 enforces.==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,11 +1,16 @@ 1 -=Body Camera CP= 1 +====1. Utilitarianism is the only moral system available to policy-makers. ==== 2 +Goodin 90 writes 3 +Robert Goodin, fellow in philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, 1990, p. 141-2 4 +My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation 5 +AND 6 +want to use it at all – to chose general rules or conduct. 2 2 3 3 4 -====Counterplan: The United States ought to require all police officers to wear body cameras, always powered on, with legal ramifications if turned off while on duty==== 9 +====2. Moral uncertainty means you default to extinction first. ==== 10 +**Bostrom 12** Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford; Generally Crazy Person but not this argument because it's actually pretty sane."Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012) 11 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~s~~ an alternative,complementary way of 12 +AND 13 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 5 5 6 6 7 -====Body cameras strengthen police legitimacy, lower cases of brutality, stop and frisk, and arrests. Officers like them too, and empirical data backs them up==== 8 -White 14 (Michael D. White, 2014, "Police Officer Body-Worn Cameras: Assessing the Evidence", https://www.ojpdiagnosticcenter.org/sites/default/files/spotlight/download/Police20Officer20Body-Worn20Cameras.pdf) 9 -Transparency, or willingness by a police department to open itself up to outside scrutiny 10 -AND 11 -. There was no comparison to officers who did not wear cameras.12 16 +====Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being.==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,59 @@ 1 +=1NR Court Clog= 2 + 3 + 4 +====Judiciary is intact now but we're on the brink—courts are clogged at historic levels.==== 5 +**Bannon '13** (Alicia Bannon serves as counsel for the Brennan Center's Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts. Ms. Bannon also previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center's Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal. "Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts," Brennan Center, 9/13, http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/testimony-federal-courts-need-more-judges) OS 6 +While the current high level of judicial vacancies partially explains this high per-judge 7 +AND 8 +2013, so as to ensure the continued vitality of our federal courts. 9 + 10 + 11 +====Qualified immunity avoids court clog—it removes frivolous lawsuits against law enforcement officers before deliberation occurs, reducing the burden==== 12 +**Callahan 16** (Mike Callahan, Served in law enforcement for 44 years, appointed as a Special Agent with the United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service, 4/29/16, "Protecting cops from frivolous lawsuits: Qualified immunity, explained", https://web.archive.org/web/20161201124728/https://www.policeone.com/legal/articles/176707006-Protecting-cops-from-frivolous-lawsuits-Qualified-immunity-explained/) 13 +The United States Supreme Court has demonstrated remarkable understanding of the very difficult and dangerous 14 +AND 15 +qualified immunity defense and use it to successfully defend their police officer clients. 16 + 17 + 18 +==2 Scenarios== 19 + 20 + 21 +===Scenario 1=== 22 + 23 + 24 +====Clogged courts stall US economy—specifically, disincentives like QI solve==== 25 +**Post 11 (**Ashely; InsideCounsel as managing editor ,"Frivolous lawsuits clogging U.S. courts, stalling economic growth", www.insidecounsel.com/2011/07/22/frivolous-lawsuits-clogging-us-courts-stalling-eco?page=1-5, July 22, 2011)//ADS 26 +Americans' litigiousness and thirst for massive damages has been a boon to the legal profession 27 +AND 28 +It would be unlikely that he would veto the bill," Schwartz says. 29 + 30 + 31 +====Economic decline causes war and miscalculation ==== 32 +**Royal 10** — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 ("Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises," Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215) 33 +Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict 34 +AND 35 +such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. 36 + 37 + 38 +===Scenario 2=== 39 + 40 + 41 +====Federal court clog collapses the federal judiciary– decimates Supreme Court and rule of law==== 42 +**Oakley 96** (John B.; Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus US Davis School of Law, 1996 The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation)//ADS 43 +Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal justice 44 +AND 45 +would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation. 46 + 47 + 48 +====Global democracy is predicated off of US judicial legitimacy ==== 49 +**Zoccola '06 **(Barbara; President of the Memphis Bar Association, "Voters hold the key for judicial fairness" July 23, The Commercial Appeal)//ADS 50 +It matters because the health of our American democracy depends on impartial judges who apply 51 +AND 52 +and only 64 percent correctly identified the meaning of "checks and balances" 53 + 54 + 55 +====Consolidation solves WMD conflict ==== 56 +**Halperin 11 **(Morton H.; Senior Advisor – Open Society Institute and Senior Vice President of the Center for American Progress, "Unconventional Wisdom – Democracy is Still Worth Fighting For", Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/01/03/unconventional-wisdom, JANUARY 3, 2011)//ADS 57 +As the United States struggles to wind down two wars and recover from a humbling 58 +AND 59 +Nor should we doubt that America would be more secure if they succeed. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,11 @@ 1 +=Body Camera CP= 2 + 3 + 4 +====Counterplan: The United States ought to require all police officers to wear body cameras, always powered on, with legal ramifications if turned off while on duty==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Body cameras strengthen police legitimacy, lower cases of brutality, stop and frisk, and arrests. Officers like them too, and empirical data backs them up==== 8 +White 14 (Michael D. White, 2014, "Police Officer Body-Worn Cameras: Assessing the Evidence", https://www.ojpdiagnosticcenter.org/sites/default/files/spotlight/download/Police20Officer20Body-Worn20Cameras.pdf) 9 +Transparency, or willingness by a police department to open itself up to outside scrutiny 10 +AND 11 +. There was no comparison to officers who did not wear cameras.12 - EntryDate
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