Changes for page Albuquerque Academy Bay Neg
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,16 @@ 1 +====1. Utilitarianism is the only moral system available to policy-makers. ==== 2 +Goodin 90 writes 3 +Robert Goodin, fellow in philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, 1990, p. 141-2 4 +My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation 5 +AND 6 +want to use it at all – to chose general rules or conduct. 7 + 8 + 9 +====2. Moral uncertainty means you default to extinction first. ==== 10 +**Bostrom 12** Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford; Generally Crazy Person but not this argument because it's actually pretty sane."Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012) 11 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~s~~ an alternative,complementary way of 12 +AND 13 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 14 + 15 + 16 +====Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being.==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,25 @@ 1 +=Make CPs Great Again= 2 + 3 + 4 +====18 U.S. C. 242 can punish police officers with imprisonment if they demonstrate willful intent to violate protected rights==== 5 +L.I.I. ND (Run by Cornell, this is the actual U.S. Code 242 used in federal prosecution today, "U.S. Code § 242 - Deprivation of rights under color of law", https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/242) 6 +Whoever, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or 7 +AND 8 +or for life, or both, or may be sentenced to death. 9 + 10 + 11 +====However, it's hard for federal prosecutors to bring possible crimes to light due to a "specific intent" definition of "willful intent"—past rulings have a chilling effect==== 12 +Pastor 2 (Michael J. Pastor, 2002, "A Tragedy and a Crime? Amadou Diallo, Specific Intent, and the Federal Prosecution of Civil Rights Violations", http://www.nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Michael-J-Pastor-A-Tragedy-and-a-Crime.pdf) 13 +The first hurdle in federal criminal prosecutions involves concerns over federalism and local sovereignty that 14 +AND 15 +with the specific intent to use unreasonable force in their encounter with Diallo6. 16 + 17 + 18 +====Thus, the Counterplan: The United States ought to hold officers criminally liable for depriving another of their civil rights upon a showing of reckless disregard rather than specific intent.==== 19 +Pastor 2 (Michael J. Pastor, 2002, "A Tragedy and a Crime? Amadou Diallo, Specific Intent, and the Federal Prosecution of Civil Rights Violations", http://www.nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Michael-J-Pastor-A-Tragedy-and-a-Crime.pdf) 20 +If the Supreme Court wished to overturn § 242 for vagueness, it could do 21 +AND 22 +§ 242 should be used to prevent excessive use of deadly force.8 23 + 24 + 25 +====Competes through Court Clog b/c it doesn't link because criminal prosecutions must still be vetted by a prosecutor and brought only when the evidence supports probable cause, which overcomes qualified immunity, and solves better than the aff through deterrence: Police Officers can obtain professional liability insurance to protect themselves against civil lawsuits but they can't insure themselves against prison time which 18 USC 242 enforces.==== - EntryDate
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