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+There are spikes at the bottom |
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+==Framework == |
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+ |
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+====Current discussions of decolonization reconcile colonization through metaphorization. We need to recognize that reconciliation is impossible and is incommensurable with decolonization.==== |
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+Tuck and Yang 1 (2012, Eve Tuck, State University of New York at New Paltz, and K. Wayne Yang, University of California, San Diego, "Decolonization is not a metaphor", http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/view/18630/15554, pg 1, 8/10/16 HB) |
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+Our goal in this article is to remind readers what is unsettling about decolonization. |
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+AND |
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+coalescence of social justice endeavors, making room for more meaningful potential alliances. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Settler-colonial methods of thinking impose their will on indigenous communities and cultures, erasing their existence—root cause of multiple oppressive mindsets==== |
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+Tuck and Yang 2 (2012, Eve Tuck, State University of New York at New Paltz, and K. Wayne Yang, University of California, San Diego, "Decolonization is not a metaphor", http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/view/18630/15554, pgs 6-7, 8/10/16 HB) |
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+In order for the settlers to make a place their home, they must destroy |
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+AND |
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+not immigrant nations (See also A.J. Barker, 2009). |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Centuries of colonization have removed indigenous perspectives and intellectual history from modern academic studies. The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best challenges colonization and colonial mindsets.==== |
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+Grande 1 (2004, Sandy Grande, Associate Professor in the Education Department at Connecticut College, Quechua woman, "Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought", pgs 1-2, 8/9/16 HB) |
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+This lack of interchange has additionally raised a series of important questions: How has |
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+AND |
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+transforms "the Native American experience" into a multifarious, polyvocal space. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Engaging with the affirmative's method is a prerequisite to begin critical discussions—these discussions in the status quo inherently exclude American Indian scholars from deliberation==== |
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+Grande 2 (2004, Sandy Grande, Associate Professor in the Education Department at Connecticut College, Quechua woman, "Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought", pgs 3, 8/9/16 HB) |
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+That being said, this is not a call for American Indian scholars to simply |
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+AND |
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+to confront the internalized racism, sexism, and homophobia within indigenous communities. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Thus I affirm: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. The affirmative advocacy stands under an ethic of incommensurability. Other methods fail to solve because they act under a method of reconciliation. Vote affirmative as a first step towards literal decolonization.==== |
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+Tuck and Yang 3 (2012, Eve Tuck, State University of New York at New Paltz, and K. Wayne Yang, University of California, San Diego, "Decolonization is not a metaphor", http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/view/18630/15554, pgs 35-36, 8/10/16 HB) |
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+An ethic of incommensurability, which guides moves that unsettle innocence, stands in contrast |
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+AND |
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+one. Decolonization is not an "and". It is an elsewhere. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====I will defend any enforcement mechanism the negative specifies in CX as long as it does not affect the solvency of the advocacy—Defending what the negative specs solves all abuse that could possibly occur under T ==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Offense== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====1. Under the role of the ballot giving back land is good, thus implementation is definitionally offensive==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====2. Nuclear power disproportionately affects indigenous people at all stages of nuclear power production, displacing them and destroying important lands==== |
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+Alldred and Shrader-Frechette 9 (Mary Alldred and Kristin Shrader-Frechette, "Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants", http://www3.nd.edu/~~kshrader/pubs/final-pdf-ej-nuke-siting-wi-Alldred_08-0544.pdf, Mary Alldred Bio: http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/~~malldred/alldred20cv.pdf, Kristin Shrader-Frechette Bio: http://www3.nd.edu/~~kshrader/ksf-cv203-1-15.pdf, 8/9/16 HB) |
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+At stage (1), mining uranium, in most major uranium producing nations of |
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+AND |
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+underestimate future wasterepository-radiation doses by 9–12 orders of magnitude. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====3. Nuclear power operations physically, ontologically, and epistemologically disrupt indigenous communities; even if they oppose nuclear projects, it is impossible to prevent operations from occurring due to tribes' sociopolitical standings==== |
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+Kamps 1 (Kevin Kamps, Nuclear Waste Specialist, Nuclear Information Resource Service, 2/15/01, "Environmental Racism, Tribal Sovereignty and Nuclear Waste", http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pfsejfactsheet.htm, 8/10/16, HB) |
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+Nevadans and Utahans living downwind and downstream from nuclear weapons testing, uranium mining, |
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+AND |
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+that struggle for Native American environmental justice against corporate greed and environmental racism. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====4. Environmental injustice will occur as long as nuclear power production exists—only prohibiting production can solve==== |
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+EarthTalk 10 (EarthTalk, 3/31/10, "Reservations about Toxic Waste: Native American Tribes Encouraged to Turn Down Lucrative Hazardous Disposal Deals", http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-talk-reservations-about-toxic-waste/, 8/10/16, HB) |
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+Native tribes across the American West have been and continue to be subjected to significant |
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+AND |
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+is working with dozens of other tribes to try to do the same. |